Wambiri ndi ntchito ya Tsvetaeva

Chimodzi mwa kuzindikira kovuta kwambiri kwa owerenga biographies anthu kwambiri - ichi ndi mfundo kuti iwo anali anthu chabe. Zilandiridwenso, anzeru ndege wa ganizo - ichi ndi mbali imodzi chabe ya umunthu wa. Inde, ana adzaona izo ndendende - koma mmodzi yekha umodzi nkhope. Ena kutali abwino. Ambiri unflattering m'nthawi analemba za Pushkin, za Lermontov, za Dostoevsky. Ndinali nazonso, ndi Marina Tsvetaeva. Moyo ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi anali mu zonse nkhondo kwambiri mumtima.

ubwana

Tsvetaeva - Muscovite. Ndi apa 26.9.1892, iye anabadwa. Usiku pakati pa Loweruka ndi Lamlungu, holide Ioanna Bogoslova. Tsvetaeva, nthawi zonse mtima kwa mwangozi ya zipatso, makamaka amene anawonjezera zosowa mwamphamvu, nthawi zambiri taonera mfundo imeneyi, anaona ngati chizindikiro chobisika.

Banjali linali olemera ndithu. Atate - pulofesa katswiri ndi wotsutsa. Mayi - ndi walimba, iye ndi kulenga ndi aluntha. Iye nthawizonse ndayesera kuona ana majeremusi wa namatetule tsogolo anaika kukonda nyimbo ndi luso. Atazindikira kuti Marina ndi nthawizonse chinachake rhymes, mayi nsangala analemba kuti: "Mwina chidzakula kwa ndakatulo iyi" The kuzizwa, kulemekeza kwa luso - mu chikhalidwe choterechi anakula Tsvetaeva. Zilandiridwenso, moyo wake wonse tsogolo anasenza chizindikiro cha mmene izi.

Education kumene anakulira

Tsvetaeva maphunziro kwambiri, iye ankadziwa zinenero zambiri, amakhala ndi mayi ake mu Germany, Italy ndi Switzerland, kumene amachiza TB. Ndili ndi zaka 16, anapita Paris kumvetsera nkhani pa mabuku a Old French.

Pamene Marina zaka 14, mayi ake anamwalira. Atate tcheru kwambiri kwa ana: Marina,
azichemwali ake awiri ndi m'bale. Koma iye anachita maphunziro Ana kuposa maphunziro. Mwina n'chifukwa chake ntchito Tsvetaeva a zimabala sitampu kukula oyambirira zones maganizo infantilism.

abwenzi ambiri a banja kudziŵika kuti Marina wakhala amorous kwambiri ndi mwana aluntha. kutengeka kwambiri, chilakolako kwambiri. Kumachita mantha Marina, iye sakanakhoza kulamulira, ndipo sanafune. Palibe amene sanaphunzitse M'malo mwake, analimbikitsa ndi kuika chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe kulenga. Marina si m'chikondi - anapangidwa chinthu maganizo awo. Ndipo luso limeneli kuti revel mu malingaliro awo, ndi kusangalala nazo, ntchito ngati nkhuni zilandiridwenso, Marina anali muyaya. Chikondi ntchito Tsvetaeva nthawi zonse pamwamba kwambiri, aluntha. M'malo ndi kusirira kwa iwo.

Ndime yoyamba

Kulemba ndakatulo Marina anayamba oyambirira, ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mu zaka 18 zafalitsa gulu lake - pa ndalama zawo, analemba yochititsa chidwi nkhani yovuta zoyenera Bryusov. Inali njira ina bokosi ake khalidwe - luso moona amasirira mafano zolembalemba. Mogwirizana ndi undoubted mphatso epistolary Mbali imeneyi anathandiza muvale Marina ankadziwa andakatulo ambiri otchuka a nthawi. Ankasirira osati ndakatulo, komanso wolemba, ndipo analemba za maganizo ake moona mtima, kuti review zolembalemba inasanduka atchedwe chikondi. Patapita nthawi yaitali, mkazi Pasternak ndi kuwerenga makalata ndi mwamuna Tsvetaeva, ndipo anakwiya kwambiri mwamsanga asiye kulankhulana - kwambiri wolumikizidwa ndi kutifotokozera anamva mawu a ndakatulo iyi.

Price changu

Koma izi zinali Marina Tsvetaeva. Zilandiridwenso, kutengeka, changu ndi chikondi cha moyo kwa iye, osati ndakatulo komanso makalata. Kuti linali vuto lake - osati monga ndakatulo, koma monga munthu. Osangopereka ankaona chimakula mtima.

Wosakhwima limagwirira cha luntha lake ntchito chikondi, kukondwa ndi kutaya mtima nkhuni, moto iwo. Koma maganizo alionse mgwirizano uliwonse amafuna osachepera awiri. Anthu amene akukumana ndi Tsvetaeva, amene anagwa mchikakamizo cha zonyezimira ake, ngati Bengal moto, maganizo, nthawi kenako kukhala wosasangalala ngati onse waukulu poyamba. Ine wokhu- Tsvetaeva. Moyo ndi ntchito mu moyo wake mosamala kwambiri zapiringizana. Iye kuvulaza anthu, ndi sanam'zindikire. More ndendende, amaona achilengedwe. Monga wina wovulalayo pa guwa la Art.

ukwati

Mu zaka 19, Tsvetaeva anakumana ndi mnyamata wokongola brunet. Sergei Efron anali anzeru, kodzionetsela, anasangalala chidwi cha madona. Posachedwa Marina ndi Sergei anakhala mwamuna ndi mkazi. Ambiri mwa anthu amene ankadziwa ndakatulo inanena kuti nthawi ukwati woyamba, iye anali osangalala. Mu 1912, mwana wake Ariadne anabadwa.

Koma moyo ndi ntchito ya Marina Tsvetaeva akhoza unalipo likuvutika mzake. Kapena moyo kuzidya ndakatulo kapena ndakatulo - moyo. Collection 1913 kwakukulukulu inkakhala ndakatulo akale ndi atsopano anafunika chilakolako.

Chimwemwe m'banja Marina analibe. chikondi Conjugal mwamsanga yosasangalatsa, zilandiridwenso Tsvetaeva ankayenda mafuta latsopano, zokumana latsopano ndi ululu - kwambiri bwino.

N'zovuta kunena ngati izi zachititsa kuti kwenikweni kusintha. Marina amakonda, zinang'anima ndi kutengeka ndi kulemba, kulemba, kulemba ... Inde, osauka Sergei Efron sakanakhoza kuziwona izo. Marina sankaona kofunika kubisa changu chake. Komanso, nkhani maganizo a mmene kanyamaka munthu wina okha anawonjezera sewero, kuonetsa kukhudzika mtima. Izi zinali dziko limene Tsvetaeva moyo. Mitu ya zilandiridwenso a ndakatulo iyi, ndi yowala, mopupuluma, mokhudza zimamvekera mokhumudwa mavesi - anali magawo awiri a lina lonse.

ubwenzi Sapphic

Mu 1914 Tsvetaeva anaphunzira kuti chikondi kumakhala amuna osati. Sofia Parnok, ndakatulo ndi luso ndiponso anamasulirapo waluntha, Russian Sappho mozama chidwi Marina. Iye anasiya mwamuna wake, anauziridwa ndi adatengedwa ndi zimakhalira pachibale mwadzidzidzi woomba mogwirizana. zaka ziwiri inatenga ubwenzi lachirendo, chikondi kogwidwa ndi chilemekezo wachifundo. N'zotheka kugwirizana kwenikweni Plato. Kukhumudwa - kodi ofunika Marina Tsvetaeva. Moyo ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo ngati kufunafuna wosatha wa chinthu chikondi - chikondi yokha. Wosangalala kapena wosasangalala mwagwirizana kapena unrequited, kuti mwamuna kapena mkazi - zilibe kanthu. Ndi kokha zofunika maganizo chisangalalo. Tsvetaeva analemba ndakatulo Parnok odzipereka lomwe kenako m'gulu zopereka "Bwenzi."

Mu 1916 ubwenzi inatha Tsvetaeva anabwerera kwawo. Popanda kudandaula Efron kumvetsa ndi akhululukidwa.

Peter Efron

Chaka chotsatira, zochitika ziwiri zimachitika nthawi imodzi: SERGEY Efron anapita kutsogolo monga mbali ya White Army, ndipo Marina wabadwa mwana wachiwiri, Irina.

Komabe, nkhani ya kukonda dziko lako mopupuluma Efron si choncho lomveka. Inde, anadza ndi womveka banja, anali cholowa Narodnaya Volya, zikhulupiriro zake mogwirizana kwambiri ndi zolinga za White kuyenda.

Koma panali chinthu chimodzi kwambiri. Komanso mu 1914, Tsvetaeva analemba ndakatulo yokhudza wodzipereka kwa m'bale wake SERGEY, Peter. Iye anali kudwala - mowa, monga mayi Tsvetaeva a. Ndipo iye ali mwakayakaya. Amwalira. Tsvetaeva, amene ndi ntchito - lawi la mtima, umaunikira munthu. N'zokayikitsa kuti tinganene kuti buku m'njira yachibadwa mawu - koma chikondi ndi lodziwikiratu. Iye osayenerera chidwi kuonera ikutha mofulumira mnyamatayo. Iye analemba - ngati iye angakhoze, otentha ndi chibadwidwe, mokhudza. Akapita ku chipatala. Oledzera mlendo kutha, ataledzera ndi mwini lalitali chisoni ndi matsoka a n'chosangalatsa Marina amapereka nthawi munthu kuti ndi malingaliro kuposa mwamuna wake ndi mwana wake. Ndipotu zoterezi omveka, monga khungu sewero chotero - izi ndi mfundo yaikulu ya zilandiridwenso Tsvetaeva.

polygon chikondi

Kodi amayenera kumva, Sergei Efron? Munthu amene mwamuna wake anakhala n'zongochedwetsana. Mkazi pakati pa bwenzi chachilendo ndi m'bale akufa, analemba ndakatulo mokhudza ndi shrugs kuchokera Efron.

Mu 1915, Efron chiganizo kuti mukhale namwino ndi kupita kutsogolo. Iye amapita kwa maphunziro, iye wapeza ntchito pa sitima kuchipatala. Chinali chiyani icho? Amazindikira kusankha malinga ndi mtima wonse kapena manja okhumudwa?

Marina akuvutika ndi kuona, izo wang'ambidwa, sikuti iye kupeza malo yekha. Komabe, zinthu Tsvetaeva ku yekha ndiye amalandira mphoto. Ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa mwamuna wake nthawi imeneyi, ena kwambiri yokhudza ndi lowopsya. Kutaya, akuyembekezera ndi chikondi - mu mizere dziko lonse.

Kumulakalaka, umachititsa moyo ankathamanga mu ndakatulo mu ichi - onse Tsvetaeva. Wambiri ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi kuumba mzake, kupanga lingaliro la ndakatulo ndi zochitika, ndi zochitika - ndakatulo ndi kumverera.

Vuto la Irene

Pamene mu 1917, Efron, zikuthera sukulu chilolezo, kusiya kutsogolo, Marina ndekha ndi ana awiri.

Kodi chinachitika ndiye, Tsvetaeva biographers kupewa chete. Mwana wamng'ono wa ndakatulo Irina, akufa ndi njala. Inde, masiku amenewo sizinali zachilendo. Koma mu nkhani iyi zinali zachilendo kwambiri. Marina yokha mobwerezabwereza sanati ngati mwana wamng'ono. M'nthawi kudzitcha kuti iye kumenya mtsikana wotchedwa wamisala ndipo opusa. Mwina mwana chiyani ndi mavuto maganizo, ndipo mwina inagunda kuzunzidwa kwa mayi.

Mu 1919, pamene mankhwala anakhala woipa mwamtheradi, Tsvetaeva wasankha kutumiza ana awo ku chipatala chaching'ono pa gosobespechenii. Ndakatulo konse ankakonda kuchita chisokonezo zoweta, iwo zinam'kwiyitsanso, anakwiyitsa ndi mtima. Sanathe kulimbana ndi mavuto ndi ana awiri odwala, ndi zoona, amawapatsa pogona. Ndiyeno, podziwa kuti pali pafupifupi palibe chakudya, chakudya ndi imodzi yokha - mkuluyo, wokondedwa. Wofooka mwana Kalanga atatu sangaime mavuto ndi kufa. Pa nthawi yomweyo Tsvetaeva yekha, mwachionekere, ngati si kudyetsedwa bwino, kuti iwowo. Kukakamiza zokwanira ntchito pa kusintha kwa zinalembedwa kale kale. The Tsvetaeva chomwecho analankhula za tsoka: chikondi sikokwanira kwa mwanayo. chikondi chabe si kokwanira.

Moyo wa namatetule wa

Izi zinali Marina Tsvetaeva. Zilandiridwenso, maganizo ndi zolinga za moyo zinali zofunika kwambiri pa moyo anthu ake apafupi. Aliyense amene anali pafupi ndi moto wa zilandiridwenso Tsvetaeva anali singed.

Akuti wolemba ndakatulo anali kapolo wa chizunzo ndi kupondereza, osati amathandiza umphawi ndi kulandidwa. Koma mu 1920, tsoka la dziko ndi zoonekeratu - ambiri kuvutika ndi ululu anapirira ndi Tsvetaeva - vuto lake. Kudzipereka kapena involuntarily, koma iye. Tsvetaeva sanailingalirepo kofunika kusunga maganizo ndi zokhumba zawo pa cheke, iye anali mlengi - ndipo izo zinali zonse anati. Dziko lonse lapansi atumikira msonkhano wake. N'zovuta amayembekezera ozungulira Marina anthu kuona mtima ndi changu. Genius - zoona, zodabwitsa. Koma ku mbali. Anthu amene akukhulupirira kuti ndiAmene pafupi ndi kupirira mphwayi, nkhanza, ndiponso kuchita chikondi chokha pofuna kulemekeza talente, musati moyo wotere. Ndipo simukhala ndi woweruza.

Werengani buku ndi ndakatulo wanzeru - chinthu chimodzi. Amafa ndi njala pamene mayi anga sankaona kuti kunali koyenera kuti kukudyatsani, chifukwa iye sakonda inu - pagona. Inde, ntchito ya Akhmatova ndi Tsvetaeva - katswiri wa za ndakatulo Silver Age. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza choncho onetsetsani kuti anthu abwino.

Konstantin Rodzevich

Ndi mbali zonse za chikhalidwe cha Tsvetaeva, banja lake lonse, othandiza impracticality Efron amamukondabe ake. Pamene nkhondo ku Ulaya, anafuula kwa mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Tsvetaeva anapita. Kwa kanthawi, ankakhala Berlin, ndiye zaka zitatu - pafupi Prague. Pamenepo, Czech Republic, Tsvetaeva anali wina zochitika - ndi Konstantin Rodzevich. Apanso moto chilakolako, ndakatulo kachiwiri. Zilandiridwenso Tsvetaeva linatukuka mwa ndakatulo awiri latsopano.

Biographers zifukwa izi minibasi kutopa poetess, kutaya mtima wake ndi maganizo. Rodzevich Tsvetaeva ndinawona mkazi, ndipo Marina kotero kufunira chikondi ndi kusirira. Izo zikumveka wosatsutsika ndithu. Ngati inu simukuganiza zoti Tsvetaeva ankakhala m'dziko limene anali ndi njala. Tsvetaeva, mu chikuonetseratu chake chinali chifukwa cha imfa ya mwana wake wamkazi. Marina mobwerezabwereza amakonda anthu ena osati anthu chabe, kuiwala za mwamuna wake. Ndipo pambuyo pa zonse izi, anayesetsa kuthandiza mkazi wake kutuluka m'dziko njala. Ine musataye izo - ngakhale, ndithudi, ine ndikanakhoza. Osati linatha pa kufika. No. Ndinapereka pogona ake, chakudya ndi kukhala mu mtendere. Kumene, zimene kanthu kwenikweni kwa chibwenzi ... ndi wotopetsa. Wamba. Kodi kusiyana zimakupiza latsopano.

European changu Tsvetaeva

Malinga ndi ena a m'nthawi, mwana wa Tsvetaeva, George - osati mwana Efron. Akukhulupirira kuti awisi angakhale Rodzevich. Koma mfundo zolondola pa mfundo iyi. Amene ankakayikira bambo Efron, Marina sanali, iwo ankaona zosasangalatsa kwambiri, aakulu ndi munthu oipa. Ndipo chotero, mafotokozedwe zonse zitheka, iwo anasankha zoipa kwambiri, kunyoza dzina a ndakatulo iyi. Anali zifukwa awo sakonda izi? Mwina. zinthu zimenezi tiyenera kuwakhulupirira? No. Tsankho - oona mdani.

Komanso, anatumikira osati monga mutu wa amakopeka Rodzevich Tsvetaeva. Zinali ndiye kuti iye anali ndi mbiri yoipa makalata ndi Pasternak, amene anasokoneza mkazi wa otsiriza, kupeza choipitsitsa, momasuka. Kuyambira 1926 Marina analemba Rilke, ndi chiyanjano kumatenga nthawi yaitali - mpaka imfa ya ndakatulo lodziwika bwino.

Moyo mu ukapolo Tsvetaeva zosasangalatsa. Mkazi amafunitsitsa Russia, iye akufuna kuti abwerere, kudandaula chisokonezo ndi kusungulumwa. Dziko ndi ntchito za Tsvetaeva amakhala mutu kutsogolera zaka izi. Marina chidwi prose akulemba za Voloshin, za Pushkin, za Andrew White.

Mwamuna pa nthawi ino anachita chidwi mu malingaliro a chikominisi, iye ndikusinthidwa mzimu wake kwa Soviet Union, ndipo ngakhale anaganiza kuchita ntchito mobisa.

1941 - Kudzipha

Osati mmodzi wodwala Marina homecoming. Mwana wamkazi, Ariadne, nayenso, iri yofulumira kunyumba - ndipo kwenikweni amaloledwa kulowa Soviet Union. Ndiye abwelela kunyumba Efron, kale ndi nthawi ya zameshenny kupha limodzi ndi zochitika za ndale. Ndipo mu 1939, patatha zaka 17 emigration, Tsvetaeva potsiriza, komanso akubwerera. Chimwemwe sunakhalitse. Mu August chaka chomwecho, anamangidwa Ariadne, mu November - Sergei. Efron mu 1941 anawomberedwa Ariadne analandira zaka 15 m'ndende pa mlandu espionage. likuwayenera Tsvetaeva kotero chilichonse ndipo sanathe kupeza - basi ndikuyembekeza kuti pafupi moyobe.

Mu 1941, kunabuka nkhondo, ndi Marina ndi mwana sikisitini anapita Yelabuga, mu gulu la. Iye alibe ndalama, ntchito, kudzoza kumanzere poetess. Wotopa, kukhumudwa, kopanda Tsvetaeva Leonardo 31.08.1941, ndi kudzipha - anapachikidwa.

Iye anaikidwa mu manda a m'deralo. Malo samadziwika malo ampumulo a ndakatulo -only ziri pamalo pamene pali manda angapo. Panali patapita zaka zambiri, chipilala chikumbutso. Mfundo imodzi view pa malo enieni a manda si Tsvetaeva.