Ndi maluwa chiyani? Maina a maluwa munda. Biology: maluwa (loukitsa)

maluwa dipatimenti ndi gulu lalikulu la zomera zimene zimapanga moyo adzafupikitsidwa mphukira wake wapadera kusinthidwa - maluwa. Mosiyana ndi ziwalo vegetative (mizu, masamba ndi mphukira), iwo limodzi ndi mbewu ndi zipatso, kuchita zofunika zobereka ntchito. M'nkhaniyi tiona pa nkhani ochepa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe ka duwa ndi mbali zake zazikulu za kugwira ntchito. Tikambirana zomwe ndi maluwa, iwo ali m'magulu ndipo amasiyana Chrixitu.

Biology: maluwa. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya tsinde la

Mu chikhalidwe, pali zosiyanasiyana kwambiri mitundu, osiyana Chrixitu dongosolo, mtundu ndi kukula. Aliyense wa iwo ndi wokongola m'njira yakeyake. Akatswiri kuganizira maluwa monga chiwalo zovuta zofunika mbewu kubalana. Mu mau, tichipeza zigawo zitatu:

• tsinde (cholandirira, pedicel);
• mbale (pamakhala, sepals);
• zobereka (pistil (s), stamens).

maluwa ndi Ufumuyo pamwamba pa kuthawa mothandizidwa ndi peduncle ndi - wapadera elongated organelle, kupitiriza tsinde la.

Mu maluwa ena zomera monga mpendadzuwa, chimanga, msondodzi, plantain, clover duwa phesi nkomwe noticeable chifukwa kufupikitsa cholimba. Cholandirira malo - chapamwamba, onse gawo la duwa phesi - anakonza calyx, stamens NYENJE ndi corolla (mmodzi kapena angapo). Cholandirira kungakhale zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana - otukukira kunja (rasipiberi), kuphwa (camomile), concave (rosehips, yamatcheri) kapena elongated (avens).

Mapepala a duwa

Calyx ndi thupi ongokhala masamba zinasintha (sepals). Ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kuteteza mbali mkati mwa maluwa pamaso pa masamba ukufalikira. Calyx razdelnolistnoy ikhoza kukhala (ngati sepals anapatukana) kapena gamophyllous (ngati zinaphatikizidwa). Corolla ndi omveka bwino kwambiri, mbali yaikulu pa duwa. Amakhala pamakhala kwa maluwa zomera zosiyanasiyana zingasiyane kwambiri mawonekedwe (tubular, belu woboola pakati, atembenuza, ndi nyuzi Al.) Ndipo ochekenera. Ntchito yaikulu ya hema - chitetezo cha pistil ndi stamens ku zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe ndi kuwakopera tizilombo kuti tizinyamula mungu. Corolla ndi calyx wa maluwa mmwamba chimakwirira, ndipo amatchedwa perianth. Zimakhala kumodzi, wopangidwa mwa zofanana intergrows ufulu kapena masamba kapena zovuta bwino kusiyanitsidwa mu corolla ndi calyx, lomwe kusiyana kwambiri Chrixitu losangalatsa. Zambiri perianth lilipo chifukwa Kakombo wa Mchigwa ndi tulips, ndi zovuta - belu carnations, petunias ndi yamatcheri. Pali maluwa ndi kwathunthu wopanda mchitidwe anati, iwo amatchedwa amaliseche (msondodzi, phulusa). Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe ndi maluwa ku mawonedwe a dongosolo la corolla ndi calyx. Kenako, ife tinena za ziwalo duwa, onyamula kugwira ntchito ubereki.

Zobereka mbali ya duwa

Stamens ndi NYENJE - mbali yofunika kwambiri duwa. Iwo ali pakati. Stamens imakonzedwa mu mabwalo chimodzi kapena zingapo pafupi lamkati m'mphepete perianth ndi zigwirizana filaments ndi anther imene mungu amapangidwa. Pistil idzafotokoza 3: ndime, manyazi ndi n'kuwasanganiza. Yotsirizira lili ovules, wa wosawoneka pambuyo umuna mbewu. zomera ambiri pistil ndi stamens ndi angapo - zitatu zana. Iwo amatchedwa bisexual. Ena mitundu, monga Cannes, pali stamen chimodzi chokha. Pali zomera kuti alipo ngakhale stamens kapena NYENJE. Awa amatchedwa kugonana chomwecho - staminate kapena pistillate. Ena mitundu monga cornflower ndi mpendadzuwa ambiri palibe munthu kapena bungwe lina. Choncho iwo amatchedwa asexual. ndi mitundu Pankhaniyi chiyani? Zomera zimene imodzi ndi onse staminate ndi pistillate maluwa amatchedwa monoecious. Oyimira a gulu limeneli ndi dzungu, thundu, nkhaka, chimanga. Ngati maluwa amuna komanso akazi ali pa anthu osiyana (nthawi), zomera amatchedwa dioecious. Zitsanzo za zina ndi msondodzi, popula, nyanja buckthorn.

The zosiyanasiyana mitundu

Ngakhale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera kusinthidwa mphukira, kuchita ntchito zobereka, analembedwa mofanana, iwo ayenera kuti akhoza zimasiyana kwambiri. kukula zingasiyane ndi millimeter (Y duckweeds) mpaka mita imodzi awiri. Mwa mitundu chidwi kwambiri zomera ndi otentha duwali. Ilo liri ndi maluwa kukula mu dziko lapansi, zomwe zimatulutsa fungo zamizimu lawola nyama. zomera zina, monga munda Jasmine, duwa, kakombo wa mzigwa, exude ndi fungo lokoma. Izi wofatsa, fungo kudzikondweretsa chifukwa cha mafuta makamaka zofunika, amene anapanga maselo a epidermal wosanjikiza pamakhala ndi perianth. Maluwa a zomera zambiri amanenedwa ndi kukongola wapadera ndi anthu zosangalatsa zokongoletsa. Mmodzi wa maluwa okongola kwambiri anaona ananyamuka ndi maluwa.

chekeni ndi pamakhala

Tiyeni tione zimene ndi maluwa mtundu. Mthunzi wa pamakhala awo chifukwa chromoplasts osati kokha, komanso nsalu wapadera - inki selo kuyamwa. Mwachitsanzo, anthocyanin Mzimuyo pinki, wofiira, buluu kapena violet mtundu corolla antofein - bulauni, carotenoids - wachikasu, wofiira ndi lalanje, etc. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti petal mtundu angasinthe masana -., Malinga acidity wa kuyamwa selo. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa mtundu chomera Victoria amazonica kusintha kuchokera woyera kuti pinki kenako wofiira.
White petal mtundu (mwachitsanzo, chitumbuwa, maluwa, apulo) anatsimikiza chifukwa analibe inki ndi chinyezimiro cha kuwala kuwala. Kodi pali wakuda? Ayi, ichi si pigment mu pamakhala lapansi. Mdima mtundu ndi mdima wofiirira zimalimbikitsa kapena condensed amtundu wina mithunzi.

maluwa akuthengo

Pali pafupifupi hafu miliyoni osiyanasiyana zomera nkhalango ndi munda. Koma 290 okha ndi yatchedwa ndi nalo dzina lake. Kuyambira kale, maluwa akutchire (chithunzi atsimikiza zosiyanasiyana awo) ankagwiritsa ntchito yopanga medicaments. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa, popeza ambiri a iwo ndi kuchiritsa katundu. Oimira kwambiri ndi: cornflower, Daisy, poppy, mabelu, dandelions, violets, amaiwala ine. Cornflowers - ichi ndi kwambiri maluwa okongola ku buluu yowala. Kawirikawiri kukula mu minda mwa tirigu. Field poppies kuonekeratu kuti awo wolemera wofiira, "moto" pamakhala. Anapeza pamodzi roadsides, zambiri wopanda koma makamaka wamba mu steppes lapansi. Field chamomile ali ndi maluwa okongola ndi mutu chikasu ndipo pamakhala woyera. Chamomile ankagwiritsa ntchito zochizira matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo chithandizo za m'mimba, chiwindi, zapakhosi ndi m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano.

Forest maluwa. Kodi mtundu ndi snowdrops?

Maluwa wotchuka kukula mu nkhalango, ndi anemone, St. John wa liziwawa, maluwa, snowdrops, wamba chotchezera ndi ena. Ukoma masamba palibe aliyense osayanjanitsika. Koma wosakhwima ambiri zosiyanasiyana yonse ya Ufumu nkhalango maluwa ndi snowdrop. Iye koyamba mu thawed, molunjika ku chisanu kusungunuka, ndipo ukuyimira kudza masika. Kodi mukudziwa mtundu ndi snowdrops?

Nthawi zambiri, awa primroses wofatsa ndi woyera belu woboola pakati pamakhala. Koma pali wotumbululuka buluu, ndipo ngakhale buluu. snowdrops mtundu zikuphatikizapo za ziwiri khumi mitundu, odziwika mwa iwo amaonedwa Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Elvis, Caucasus ndi ena. Iwo amakula ngati mu penumbra, pansi pa denga la mitengo ndi zitsamba.

Imodzi mwa mbewu chidali nkhalango imatengedwa kuti liziwawa St. Yohane. Phunzirani zingakhale pa zimayambira nthambi ndi ovate-oblong pepala ndi yosalala pamwamba. maluwa Izi herbaceous osatha chowala wachikasu. liziwawa St. John wa ntchito mankhwala monga odana ndi yotupa, antimicrobial ndi wothandizila hemostatic.

Maluwa okongola munda

Garden maluwa - gulu lalikulu la zomera yokongola, amene cholinga azikongoletsa moyo wathu ndi farmlands ennoble. Iwo akhoza wachinsinsi monga magawo ena. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa munda nthawi zambiri ogaŵikana subgroups atatu - annuals, biennials ndi perennials. Ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo annuals yowala ndi yokongola amaonedwa kukhala pansy, marigold (calendula), alyssum, nasturtium. Perennials - ndi maluwa kukongoletsa kuti musunge katundu kwambiri kwa zaka zingapo. Iwo ali abwino kwa munda iliyonse, sikutanthauza kupatsidwa zina pachaka ndi chisamaliro kwambiri. ndi zimene maluwa? Mayina a pa perennials odziwika ndi motere :. Astilbe, anauka, peony, saxifrage, daylily, campion, crocus, daffodil, tulip, etc. mbewu The odziwika bwino kwambiri osatha amaonedwa daisies, viola, Turkey carnation, foxglove, hollyhock, etc ..