Sofia Parnok. Russian ndakatulo komanso womasulira. Wambiri, zilandiridwenso

Sofia Parnok - ndakatulo ndi luso komanso womasulira. Njirayi imatchedwa Russian Sappho (Sappho) - ndi mmodzi yekha mu danga lonse Soviet kuyankhula poyera za chikondi lesibiyani. Ambiri amadziwika ndipo kuunikiridwa ku mbali zosiyana za ubwenzi wake ndi Marina Tsvetaeva. Last - kwambiri atchukitsa ndi wolemba ndakatulo iyi, pamene Parnok osati wolephera moti talente, kulibe tanthauzo mabuku Russian. Onse a iwo, wolemba ndakatulo ya Silver Age, yomwe anasiya zambiri mbiri - mphatso kwa ana. Sofia Yakovlevna kudziŵika kokha mu expanses wa Russia. A zambiri zimenezi zachititsa kuti buku la Diana Lewis Burgin "Sofia Parnok. Moyo ndi ntchito ya Russian Sappho.

mfundo zofunika

Sofiya Yakovlevna Parnok, dzina lenileni lomwe wakewu Parnoh, anabadwa mu chiyambi cha August, chiwerengero cha 11, 1885 (Old kalendala - 30 July). Wakwawo a ndakatulo iyi - Taganrog. bambo Sofia a, Yakov Solomonovich, anali ndi ogulitsa mankhawala, kumene iye anali kugwira ntchito pharmacist ndi. Iye anali mutu wa nzika aulemu a mzinda. Alexander Abramovna, mayi Sophia, ndi ntchito ndi ntchito anali dokotala, anali kutchulidwa m'badwo woyamba madokotala yaikazi Russia. Parnoh banja anali wolemera, kupatula chimene chinali gawo la osankhika chikhalidwe ndi aluntha a mzinda. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ana onse a Yakobo ndi Alexandra Solomonovicha Abramovna anali mwangwiro anapanga - kuchokera ana aang'ono iwo ankaimba nyimbo, oyambirira aphunzira kuwerenga, kuphunzira zilankhulo ziwiri yachilendo (German ndipo French). Kuwonjezera heroine wathu, ndi bwino kumunda kulenga anafika m'bale wake ndi mlongo (Valentin Parnoh ndi Elizaveta Tarahovskaya). Iye anadzakhala oyamba kudziwika nyimbo chithunzi, anamasulira analemba ndakatulo yake. Elizaveta Tarahovskaya zinadziwika wolemba ndakatulo. Sofia Parnok, nayenso, posachedwapa anasonyeza talente yake zolembalemba - ndime yoyamba linalembedwa ilo mmbuyo mu zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

zaka zoyambirira

Gemini, Valentin ndi Lizaveta anali wamng'ono kuposa mkulu wake, Sophia, kwa zaka khumi. Ndi kubadwa kwa Parnoh awo okhudzidwa banja tsoka - kupereka moyo kwa ana awo, Alexander Abramovna anamwalira akubereka. Atate, safuna kukhala ndekha, patapita kanthawi anaganiza chikwati chachiwiri anakwatiwa ndi aboma. Zotsatira - kupatuka ndi kukuzizirira anagona ndi mwana wamkazi wamkulu. Popeza moyo mu nyumba kwawo Taganrog anali kwa Sophia Parnok wolemetsa.

mapangidwe

Mu 1894, mnyamata Parnok analembetsa Taganrog Marian zolimbitsa thupi ndi amayi. 1900 chinali chiyambi cha kulemba chiwerengero chachikulu cha ndakatulo - mzere yeniyeni ndi ndondomeko ya Sofia analembedwa mu bukhu, ambiri a iwo anapulumuka. Iwo amapereka mfundo zolondola za ndakatulo Parnok nthawi imeneyo. Mu 1903 iye sukulu ulemu, kulandira Mendulo golide zipambano zawo. Pa chaka chamawa Sofia Yakovlevna odzipereka Geneva Conservatory, amene ndakatulo mwangwiro ankasewera pa limba Komabe, ndi woimba iye sanapite.

Sofia Parnok anabwerera ku Switzerland kwa Russia ndi cholinga kukapitiriza maphunziro awo. N'zoona St. Petersburg, kumene ankakhala amalume ake Parnok ndipo anayesa kukapitiriza maphunziro ake nyimbo, koma, popeza anaphunzira pasukulu ya mzinda kanthawi, ndinazindikira kuti akatswiri kupanga nyimbo si iye, ndipo anasiya sukulu iyi mu 1905. Iye anali pa chibwenzi komanso mu Bestuzhev kutsatirana Amayi Zapamwamba, koma kusankha kwake mphamvu ya Chilamulo ndi ndi sanamalize.

chilengedwe

Nkosafuna kunena, chilakolako mabuku Parnok? Sofia Yakovlevna Mabaibulo ambiri ku French, analemba waona komanso caricatures, ndi Geneva ndinadzuka komanso anauziridwa kulemba zimene zimachitika loyamba la ndakatulo - n'kumene anakumana Nadezhda Pavlovna Polyakov. Lyrics Sofia Parnok, mfundo bwinobwino lodzala ndi chikondi kwa mkazi, chizolowezi iye anazindikira msanga ndipo sanakane izo.

Kusindikizidwa ndakatulo kuyambira mu 1906. Bakuman anayamba nkhani yake mu "Russian Chuma" ndi "zolemba kumpoto" (lofalitsidwa mu 1913 pansi pa dzina la Andrew Polyanina, analemba nkhani yovuta).

Ndi 1910 Parnok kutchuka mabwalo zolembalemba wakula mpaka kuti "Russian mphekesera," iye anali ndi mgwirizano okhazikika. Wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri anasamukira ku moyo mu Moscow.

Mu 1916 anapita m'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo Sofia Yakovlevna Parnok otchedwa prosaic ( "ndakatulo").

Pambuyo 1917, wolemba ndakatulo anapita Pike, koma anabwerera ku Moscow mu 20s oyambirira ndipo anamasulidwa zigawo zinayi andakatulo (1922-1928.).

Mu 1930, opera anali ankachitika ku libretto ake vozymevshaya bwino loti.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Sofia Parnok, monga ambiri pa nthawiyi anali linasokonekera anasamutsidwa.

moyo

Ngakhale kuzindikira oyambirira lathu awo, Russian Sappho 1907 anakwatira VM Volkshteyna. Mwina chifukwa cha izi anali ndi vuto la ndalama - atate, popeza anasangalala ndi maphunziro mwana wake, watha Parnok ndalama. Koma patapita zaka ziwiri ukwati linatha. Sofia sanathe azikonda mwamuna wake, pambali, monga kunapezeka, mupatseni iye monga ana sakanakhoza.

Ndili St. Petersburg, Parnok ankadziwa bwino kutsogolera kanjedza mabuku a nthawi, kuphatikizapo Alexander Blok ndipo pa nthawi imeneyo pang'ono odziwika Anna Akhmatova. Ena mwa iwo anali anzake pafupi miyoyo yawo monga Maximilian Voloshin.

Marina Tsvetaeva ndi Sofia Parnok

Relations pakati alakatuli awiri otchuka akadali chidwi ndi biographers ndi admirers ntchito zawo.

October 16, 1914 pa chimodzi cha madzulo mabuku ndipo anakumana izi mizimu iwiri wapfuko limodzi. chibwenzi zawo zinachitika ndendende zaka ziwiri - mpaka yozizira ya 1916. chisangalalo chachikulu kunabuka kotero mwadzidzidzi, ngati pasadakhale analosera zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni - onse ankaganiza kuti tichokepo posachedwa. Koma kodi ngakhale mabuku kapena wochemerera Sofia Parnok (yonena limatiuza Mwachitsanzo, za Naini Vedeneevoy, chikondi wake wotsiriza), Marina Tsvetaeva anasiya kufufuza kwambiri kukumbukira ndi ntchito yake.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

August 26, 1933 m'mudzi wa Sofia Yakovlev anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, iye sanalembe, ndi osasunthika kulekana mabwalo zolembalemba. Maliro Parnok anali Lefertovo. Amadziwika kuti Boris Pasternak analipo. Tsvetaeva, pa malonjezo ake, anavutika ndi imfa ya bwenzi kale m'malo osayanjanitsika.