Wamba mu Russia, maziko ake

Zimene zinachitika mu Russia mu 90s oyambirira, zinachititsa kusintha chimene chingakhudze kusintha kwa katundu ufulu. dziko wakhala anayamba wamba za boma ndi katundu oyang'anira tauni.

Wamba zikutanthauza kulanda katundu ndi boma, mu manja payekha, amalipiritsa kapena kwaulere. Wamba mu Russia anali pachimake. malamulo chimango Aika kumatanthauza Chilamulo pa anthu wamba. makomiti apadera bungwe, zomwe ankachita pokonza zikalata zofunika ndi kuwunika pa chuma, komanso gulu la amagulitsa nsombazo. Katundu ndalama kugulitsa mu makasitomala a magawo awo.

Denationalization ndi wamba mu Russia anali mfundo za kuyanjana kwa aliyense kasitomala ndi chilungamo mtheradi kwa ndondomekoyi. Zonsezi kofunika muyeso mu kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zachuma. Panthawi imeneyi, ambiri m'dziko analandira makampani olowa katundu. Mu mawonekedwe kusintha kwa kampani, antchito kulandira phindu yaikulu wamba. The magawo anagawanika pakati pawo kwaulere.

Mu 1992 analandiracho kufalitsa Voucher wamba mu Russia. Nzika iliyonse m'dziko anapatsidwa Voucher kuyamikira, amene anapereka ufulu kugula gawo la chuma cha ogwira ntchito iliyonse. muyeso Zimenezi zathandiza kusunga mfundo za kusasiyana pakati pa strata osiyanasiyana a anthu. Nzika iliyonse ndi mwayi kugula chidutswa cha chuma pa maziko ofanana. Ubwino wina wa yogawa ufulu wa mavocha wakhala mathamangitsidwe wa ndondomeko ya wamba za boma ndi katundu oyang'anira tauni. Izi chitsanzo wamba wakhala ntchito osati Russia komanso Romania, Poland ndi Czechoslovakia.

Ŵakwenera wamba mu Russia amapereka kupatsidwa kwa kuchotsera kwa ena Magulu a nzika. Chinachitika ndi kubwerera kwa eni chuma nyumba zawo, amene anali oletsedwa mosatsata mu zaka zam'mbuyo. Zimenezi amatchedwa kukonzanso wamba.

Nthawi zina, poyamba zinachitika wamba ofunda, zimene zinaphatikizapo kulanda katundu m'manja payekha. Pankhaniyi, palibe kusintha kapangidwe ka kampani, mwa chuma chake amodzi. Icho chinali pokonzekera wamba zakuthupi.

Real wamba mu Russia zinachitika kudzera malonda a boma chuma m'manja payekha. Zimenezi ikuchitika mwa amagulitsa nsombazo ndiponso tenders. aang'ono unachitikira mu njila lotseguka ndi owerengeka ndalama. njira zimenezi kumathandiza kuti akope ambiri ndalama angathe. Kusankha awo zinachitikadi osati pa akalozera mtengo. zinthu zina zambiri zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, inflow kwambiri likulu anali zikuluzikulu china.

Pa malonda a boma ndi katundu oyang'anira tauni kudzera yobetcherana, muyezo chachikulu chinali mtengo akufuna. zinthu zina anali wofunika kwambiri. kampaniyo anagulitsidwa pa mtengo wake weniweni msika, kuti panthawi imeneyi n'kofunika kwambiri. Komanso, mawonekedwe kugulitsa n'zotheka kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha milandu ya katangale. Ngakhale ena njira wamba akanati kwaiye chachikulu ziphuphu kugwirizana ndi kugulitsa.
Mfundo mwachindunji kugulitsa mwachindunji ndi Investor makamaka zinachitika. Ichi chidachitika mu view kufunika Investor lapansi. Njira imeneyi kunali kofunika molondola kudziwa phindu pa chuma.

Wamba mu Russia zinachitika mofulumira. gulu wake pluses ake ndi minuses. Only tsopano, inu atha kudziwa mmene ake ndi kudziwa kusiyana kulikonse.