Vyborg - zokopa mzinda. Viborg ndi m'madera

Russian chidwi osati m'mizinda likulu. Mofanana n'zofunika ang'ono mbiri Pamudzi, monga Vyborg. Zokopa: Mon Repos Park, ndi m'misewu ndi m'mabwalo a mzinda ndi kuchilingalira chifukwa cha kukongola ndi tanthauzo la m'mbiri. Lero, alendo ndi rediscovering dera. Iwo makamu zosiyanasiyana zikondwerero ndi kukhazikitsanso, koma mpaka kumzinda sanabadwe n'kukhala amakopeka olimba alendo ndi lofotokozabe ake wamoyo.

Zokopa Viborg ndi madera ozungulira akhoza umo_mosangalala kufufuza kwa masiku 2-4 ndi kupeza wosangalala kwambiri asanakumane ndi chidwi ndi wakale zimenezi mbiri, amene akukhala pafupi.

Zikamera ndi midzi

Vyborg, mbiri ndi zokopa kuti tsopano kukopa tcheru koposa kwa asayansi ndi alendo anabwera 1293, pamene Vyborg Castle inamangidwa pano ndi asilikali a Sweden. Pali Baibulo ndi kuthetsa kale mu malo awa. Pamaso chabe Novgorod Mkulu Gostomysl analenga mzinda muno mu ulemu wa mwana wake m'zaka za m'ma 9. Pali zokumbidwa pansi, zomwe zimatsimikiza kuti ngakhale mu M'badwo Stone panali anthu akale. Koma zikamera wa kuthetsa okhazikika kukhala olembedwa okha zikalata Swedish, kotero tsiku lanuli pakutchulidwa ya Vyborg ndi zaka za m'ma 13.

zofukulidwa m'mabwinja kutsimikizira kuti m'chiyambi cha Zakachikwi woyamba m'chigawo anakhala mafuko, wotchedwa Karelia. Iwo zikukangalika malonda ndi anthu Novgorod ndi amalonda Dutch ndi mamembala a bungwe la League Hanseatic, ankasakidwa nsomba. M'dera la Vyborg makono yosungira - redoubt, lomwe linaikidwa alonda m'munsili katundu. kumalo abwino kwambiri a mfundo alonda nasolola asilikali a Sweden amene anamanga Castle pachilumba cha mwala linga.

Swedish nthawi mu moyo wa Vyborg

Vyborg - pa Kampeni Chachitatu m'dziko la Karelia pa behest wa Swedish mfumu ya m'linga chilumba Nyumbayi yotchedwa anamangidwira. Photos wa mzinda, zokopa alendo ndi zipilala mbiri kukhalabe lero, mphamvu ya kumverera, amene anali kumanga. Izi kumudzi odalirika anakhalabe angaloŵe kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale kuti anthu a Novgorod ankafuna mobwerezabwereza kugogoda asilikali a Sweden ku Vyborg. Castle zikukhazikitsa, kukodzedwa, ndipo mu 1403 Mfumu ya Sweden amaitcha ndi kuthetsa udindo wa m'tawuni. Malo yabwino ya Vyborg mwamsanga inasanduka malo yaikulu ya malonda. mtawuni ankalamulidwa ndi kazembe Swedish, iye anali ndi yaikulu kudziyimira pawokha, mfumu fulakesi Plateau (msonkho), koma ngati mwinamwake akuthamanga meya.

Mu 1442 mutu wa mzinda anaima Karl Knutsson Bunde amene kusandulika mzinda kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pamene Vyborg Castle anali wokongola kwambiri Sweden. meya anawonjezera nsanja ochepa, zipinda Ankhondo ndi luso pofuna kusintha mkati. Mu 1525, tawuni anachoka Werengerani Von Goya, amene anali wachibale wa Mfumu ya Sweden. Ndi iye mumzinda anatsanulira otaya lalikulu la anthu kuchokera Hanseatic League: Bremen, Hamburg, Lübeck. City limakula yokongola kwambiri ndi watanthauzo. asilikali Russian kupitiriza amafuna kugonjetsa Vyborg, koma nthawi iliyonse ine ndimalephera. Pa kumpoto nkhondo Vyborg anali ndiwo kuukira likulu latsopano la Russia - St. Petersburg. Petr Veliky mu 1706 panokha anatsogolera kuzinga mzinda, koma sizinathandize. Izo zinali kokha mu 1710, chifukwa cha khama mgwirizano pakati pa asilikali ndi bulu Vyborg anatengedwa ndi asilikali Russian, ndipo mu 1721-m, kwa mgwirizano Mtendere, limodzi ndi Russian Ufumu.

Russian kugonjera

Kupita ku Russia, Vyborg anakhala pakati pa chigawo commandant ndi latsopano Russian doko. Kunja kwa mzinda anapitiriza angapo ubwino: izo lidakali lamulo Swedish, anthu akuloledwa kusunga chikhulupiriro chawo Lutheran, panalibe serfdom. Mu latsopano Russian mzinda amalonda yomweyo anathamangira, asilikali. Ndi kuthetsa wayamba kukula. Iwo anamanga Petersburg ndi Vyborg mzinda.

Zokopa waukulu mumzinda wa Vyborg kuti nyengo - nyumba zogona, gawo latsopano la phata la. Kuyambira 1730 mpaka 1741 yomanga yogwira, anamanga gawo latsopano la mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Dziwani kuti Vyborg mpanda wolimba kwambiri analibe mwayi kuyesa malinga awo latsopano nkhondo. Mwina n'chifukwa chake mzinda wa Vyborg zokopa bwino anasunga lero. Zinthu zatsopano, ngakhale kuti Russian wokhazikitsidwa ndi kukhala mbali European. The kwambiri chifukwa mapulani munkakhala asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda, Germany, Scandinavians. Mu 1811 Vyborg Province ndi gawo la Duchy la Finland. Ndi 1910, anthu oposa 80% ya anthu amenewa anali Finns.

City akukumana ndi kusanganikirana yaitali mitundu, amene sakhala wopanda mavuto ake ndi ndege, koma pang'onopang'ono panali wapadera m'mlengalenga kuti ali nthawi zonse wolemekezeka ku ochiritsira Vyborg midzi Russian zigawo. Pambuyo kupanduka wa Decembrists mazana angapo opanduka anatumizidwa ku Vyborg m'linga, amene anakhudzidwa mzimu wa mzinda. Mu theka lachiwiri la zana la 19, mzinda abwera njanji akuyamba gasification ndi electrification. Iye akuchuluka mofulumira chuma ndipo wakhala achiwiri kukula mu ukulu.

Vyborg ndi Finland

Mu 1917, pambuyo ulimi mu Russia, Vyborg mwachangu kulowa kusintha chosintha. Pambuyo kulengeza Finland ya ufulu kuchokera ku Russian mzinda chimachititsa kuti dziko latsopano. Iye anasintha zikuchokera yosiyanasiyana. Pali tsopano chimakhala chogwidwa ndi anthu Chifinishi, ndi Russian, German ndipo Swedish yafupika kwambiri. Koma chitukuko cha mzinda akupitiriza. Posachedwapa wamanga O. Meurman amalenga yogwirizanitsa ntchito mzindawo ndi midzi yozungulira mzindawo. Choncho, pali Vyborg chachikulu. zokopa Natural tsopano m'gulu malire a mzinda. Pa nthawi imeneyo, kuthetsa anapeza udindo likulu chikhalidwe Finland, inamangidwa zambiri masewera, chikhalidwe ndi nyumba kachisi.

Vyborg mzinda zokopa za nthawi ichi kupanga ulemerero wake: ndi Archive chigawo, laibulale latsopano, luso owonetsera zakale - onse malo amenewa kupititsidwa patsogolo kwambiri.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Mu 1939 anayamba Chirasha Chifinishi nkhondo ndi mzinda wa Vyborg ndi zokopa amene ali pa chiopsezo kukhala zone nkhondo. Yogwira ntchito ankhondo a Red Army zinachititsa kuti chakuti Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba mzinda wadutsa mu mphamvu ya Soviet Union. Mu 1941 mu Vyborg anali kumbuyo nkhondo, ndi Red Army anakakamizika zokapereka kwa Finns. asanakwanitse zaka 44 Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba anali kulamulidwa ndi Chifinishi asilikali. Pa kumenyana aukali, June 20, 1944 Vyborg linatulutsidwa. Upcoming kovuta nthawi kuchira. Vyborg, zokopa amene anavutika kwambiri panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri, anavutika nkhani yaikulu ndi zomvetsa chikhalidwe.

Nthawi Soviet

Kumapeto kwa nkhondo akuyamba kukhazikitsanso yaitali. Tsoka chomwecho anachitika Vyborg. Photos wa mzinda, zowoneka ndi zomangamanga ndi pamaso choipa - mbali yaikulu ya m'mudzi unali mwa bwinja. Koma akuluakulu a boma ndi anthu akupanga Titanic khama, ndi mzinda anayamba kutsitsimutsa. Mu 1947 iye analenga dongosolo nyumba yatsopano anamanga m'madera zogona, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono mafakitale. misewu anadzatchedwa kuti kukumbutsidwa mbiri ya mzindawo. Vyborg amapeza mbali ankaikira mizinda Soviet. Mu 60s wa anaonekera okhala mkulu-nyamuka nyumba, anabwezeretsa akale nyumba katundu, akumanga maofesi atsopano chikhalidwe.

Kuyambira mu 1950 mumzinda amakhala wokongola alendo, ndipo pali zambiri kukopa iwo. Mu 1988, iwo anaganiza kukhazikitsa State Museum-Reserve - Mon Repos Park.

amakono Vyborg

City panopa mwachangu limabwezeretsa mizu yake mbiri, wofunitsitsa kuti kukopa alendo. Mwakhama kukhazikitsa kulankhulana ndi maiko amene mbiri ogwirizana ndi Vyborg - Sweden, Norway, Finland. Mu 1999, UNESCO zimapangitsa chapakati Library mu mndandanda wa zinthu osowa chitetezo ndi chilimbikitso. Mu 2000, kampani ndi mwachangu ankamangidwanso. City limabwezeretsa maonekedwe mbiri ya zinthu zambiri zimene anakopeka kayendedwe mbiri yakale chikhalidwe. Mu Vyborg zonse mapwando a chikhalidwe mitundu, yaikulu yomanga zochitika m'mbiri.

Vyborg - mzinda zokopa

Mbiri wachuma wa malo amenewa wasiya kuda zambiri zokhudza maonekedwe ake. Vyborg mzinda zokopa amakulolani kuona chikhalidwe wapadera Mipikisano wosanjikiza, anapanga pano. Zotsatira Russian, German, Chiswidishi ndi Chifinishi chikhalidwe angapezeke mu zipilala chidwi kwambiri mapulani. Zinkakhalira m'misewu yakale ya mzinda akufanana nthawi zakale kumverera uku kumatheka ndi ulendo Vyborg Castle. Kuliganizira ndi zokopa zachilengedwe, magulu zachilendo sculptural ndi zipilala.

Vyborg Nyumbayi

Nyumba yakale ya mzinda - Nyumbayi, yomwe, ngakhale zoyesa, ndi bwino anasunga. Ku makoma a linga amapereka maganizo odabwitsa a Vyborg. Kukawona, maadiresi amene angapezeke mu kabuku aliyense ulendo, tsopano n'zotheka kuona mphamvu zonse ndi luso la Swedish ndi Russian mapulani. The mpanda ndi chidwi makulidwe ndi lolondola zomangamanga, ndi osungidwa nsanja -Rayskaya ndi shoemakers - chidwi chifukwa kutalika kwake ndi ungwiro.

Nyumbayi nyumba weniweni ngale - Olaf nsanja kutalika kwa pafupifupi 50 mamita, maziko ake sichinasinthe m'zaka za m'ma 13, ndi tiers chapamwamba unamangidwanso cha m'ma 19. Komanso mu Nyumbayi ndi ofunika powasamalira Nyumba ya Commandant, amene anali ina anasiya Peter.

Clock nsanja

Zowoneka za mzinda (Vyborg) ndi kufotokoza mbiri yawo - buku woona wa zomangamanga ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. The Clock Tower ndi belu nsanja, otsala a mpingo wa St. Mary ndi Olaf, anamanga m'zaka 15. Iye mozizwitsa anapulumuka ndipo pa chiwonongeko cha kachisi moto mu 1793, ndipo pamene Nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Patsinde pa nsanja muli mwala waukulu, ndi wotchi ikutha kuyambira m'ma 19. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa yokongola kwambiri nyumba mbiri ya Vyborg.

zokopa zachilengedwe

Mon Repos Park - nyumba yogonamo wakale wa dziko barons Swedish - ndi chimodzi mwa m'mapaki wamkulu ndi okongola kwambiri malo mu Europe. Ndi zogwirizana analinso m'mapanga, nkhalango, ovuta, mathithi, nyanja. Akufa zokongola chilumba ndi chinyumba kukongoletsa m'katikati mwa nyanja ndipo sanaiwale. N'zochititsa chidwi chachikulu Manor nyumba - nyumba matabwa kalembedwe chakale, komanso laibulale wachiŵiri - chitsanzo osowa wa usadbennoy matabwa zomangamanga. Izi mozizwitsa zisungidwe ku nyumba 18 ya atumwi ndi wapatali kwambiri zipilala.

Pafupi ndi Vyborg pali malo ena achilengedwe kuchilingalira - nyanja iyi intermountain yaing'ono. Ndi chitsanzo cha chilengedwe chogwirizana cha kumpoto, ndi kukongola pristine wa malo ndi bata malo ili yabwino kwa mzinda wonsewo. Pakhoza kukhala yabwino nsomba.

zipilala mapulani

Vyborg olemera ndi zina zokopa. Zikuphatikizapo Round Tower, m'badwo mofanana Castle. maonekedwe ake ali ngati chizindikiro kuzindikira kwa mzindawo. nsanja inamangidwa cha m'ma 16 monga mbali ya mpanda khoma. The awiri a nyumba ya mamita 20, makulidwe a makoma - 4 mamita. Ndi brainchild wa malemu kumpoto Gothic, kumene zitsanzo ndi ochepa kwambiri Russia.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral - nkhani ina ya Vyborg kunyada. Ndi akorona maonekedwe zogwirizana wa Cathedral Square ndi nyumba wangwiro kalembedwe zachikhalidwe. Wazomangamanga N. Lvov mu mapulani anayesa mu kutsatira mfundo za A. Palladio, pafupifupi kukopera yomanga ake. kachisi anamangidwa mu 1786, koma pambuyo pake pansi mkuntho.

Mpingo wa St. huwakinto -. Gothic milimo ya atumwi 16, yemwe ali mmodzi wa wamkulu mu mzinda. Mpingo, lotchedwa nyumba Knight ankatumikira monga kachisi, obisika sukulu, mlendo nyumba. Lero wa mndandanda wa zinthu chikhalidwe otetezedwa ndi boma.

Mukhozanso itanani zokopa za mzinda wa Vyborg maadiresi omwe ali m'gulu lililonse kalozera ngati zovuta mapulani a Cathedral Square, anapanga m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 18, Vyborg tawuni ya, anamanga m'ma 17 atumwi Neo-Kubadwa Kwatsopano kalembedwe, Annenkrone - makoma inamangidwa ndi Peter Wamkulu.

Kayendedwe

Viborg ndi kumpoto kwa St. Petersburg, kufupi ndi Chifinishi. Tifike kwa ilo chophweka njira ku St. Petersburg. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mu njira zingapo:

Pagalimoto. Distance from Saint Petersburg ndi 130 Km.

Pa basi. Ku siteshoni basi "North 'kanayi yoyenda tsiku basi kuti Svetlogorsk, amene akuima Vyborg. Komanso, mabasi kuthamanga kwa okwerera sitima siteshoni "Parnas" siteshoni. Travel nthawi - 2 hours.

M'sitima. Ndi Finland Station inyamuka katatu patsiku mkulu-liwiro sitima kuti Vyborg. Travel nthawi - 1 ora mphindi 15.