Silicate magalasi: kupanga ndi ntchito

Galasi - mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri, anafuna-pambuyo zipangizo kwa muzochitika zosiyana za moyo. Izo ntchito yomanga ndi ntchito kuwamaliza, zikhale mu ntchito ya Ntchito ndi zojambulidwa bwino ntchito makampani danga. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa angakwanitse, kumodzi zipangizo zikuchokera. Mtundu ambiri, omwe amakumana ndi mankhwala ntchito adalenga kuchokera mmenemo - silicate magalasi.

Ndi chiyani icho?

The mankhwala wamkulu wa mikanda ndi galasi amaonedwa apezeka pa zofukulidwa ku Egypt, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti anapeza zaka zoposa zikwi zisanu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, galasi zikuchokera sanasinthe kwenikweni. The mbali yaikulu ya chuma ndi silika mchenga (Si0 ₂₎ - silicate. Kuti izi anawonjezera koloko, koloko phulusa, miyala ndi zinthu zina zingapo.

Makampani kupeza galasi misa uli wosakanizika oxides zinthu zikuluzikulu ndi amasungunuka mu ng'anjo. Limatsogolera kutentha zimadalira zowonjezera pa, kusintha katundu wa galasi. Unyinji chifukwa umapangidwa mu njira zingapo: kupanga lathyathyathya galasi, nayikapo mawonekedwe osiyana (ziwiya za kukhitchini, chimakwirira kwa chandeliers, galasi kwa ulonda, etc.), kupanga preform kwa wotsatira processing boxed blowers galasi ndi zambiri.

Kukula kwa galasi kupereka kwambiri zinalengedwa ndi Lomonosov M. V., Kitaygorodsky Ni ankafuna mbali yeniyeni ya nkhani Mendeleev D. I. ndi ena. N'zosavuta kufotokoza nkhaniyo "silicate magalasi." Ndi chiyani icho? zakuthupi A kukhala ndi dongosolo amorphous, ndi crystalline dongosolo analandira kusungunula oxides wosanganiza akutsatiridwa ndi yozizira.

Ulimi wa galasi

The n'chofunika kwa kupanga galasi ndi wa khwatsi mchenga, amene anawonjezera osachepera anapangira zosakaniza asanu. Kuti chiphunzitso zofunika, malingana ndi ntchito zina mwa zolinga zinthu analandira kuchita zina: oxidants, opacifiers, decolorisers, utoto, accelerators ndi zina zotero. The oxides zitsulo ntchito ngati colorants. Mwachitsanzo, mkuwa banga galasi misa ya chitsulo wofiira adzakupatsani buluu kapena wachikasu kum'chitira, oxides cobalt kupereka buluu ndi colloidal siliva - wachikasu.

Okonzeka osakaniza youma mlandu mu kapu limatsogolera ng'anjo, kumene zopangira isungunuke pa kutentha 1200-1600 ° C pa nthawi ndondomeko amatenga maola 12 kuti 96. Galasi Kupanga katundu anamaliza ndondomeko mofulumira kuzirala, yekha pansi chikhalidwe ichi galasi osungunula amalandira makhalidwe onse chofunika cha chilungamo, mphamvu mawotchi ndi katundu zina akuyalidwa m'kati kusakanikirana oxides.

Mitundu silicate magalasi

Kumasulidwa zinthu amatanthauza njira mphamvu kwambiri, ndipo iwo anayamba makampani silicate. Galasi makampani opanga amapezeka mu ng'anjo mumphangayo mtundu ndi mosalekeza thandizo anakonzeratu kutentha. analinso youma ndi yodzaza kuchokera kumalekezero a ng'anjo, kubwereketsa akatulutsidwa yomalizidwa zakuthupi.

Mogwirizana ndi ntchito ambiri akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana silicate galasi:

• Silika zosafunika popanda oxides sodium, potaziyamu - ndi soda-free galasi. Iwo ali kukana mkulu kutentha ndi katundu chabwino magetsi. Mwa zolakwa za - n'zovuta pokonza.
• Sodium, potaziyamu, sodium-potaziyamu - zamchere galasi. Mtundu ambiri zakuthupi oyenera ntchito padziko lonse. Iwo anapanga Aquarium galasi, zenera, mbale ndi zina zotero.
• oxides soda zitsulo ndi okhutira mkulu wa zitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, Kuwonjezera kutsogolera chofunika kupeza Krustalo, kuwala galasi.

ntchito angapo

Silicate magalasi ali katundu zingapo kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana. Khalidwe lililonse yake patsogolo, ndipo amatipatsa mwayi zina. Mwachitsanzo, galasi TACHIMATA ndi mapaziwo apangidwa akutumikira ngati galasi, ndipo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati batire dzuwa akamaziwononga.

Ukhondo ndi zothandiza katundu glassware wosatsutsika. zinthu alibe porosity, choncho zilibe kawetedwe mabakiteriya N'zosavuta kwa anthu oyera, kugonjetsedwa ndi katundu aliyense chakudya. Bakeware therefrom multitasking akhoza anaphika pa kutentha mu uvuni kapena kuika mu mufiriji popanda kuwonongeka.

Stratification ndi makulidwe

Mabukuwa ali ndi makulidwe kusinthasintha, zomwe alinga mphamvu zake. Pepala 2 mm wandiweyani, ndi oyenera mawindo. Galasi ntchito Aquarium wa osachepera 5 mm, malinga ndi buku la madzi udzathiridwa mu chidebe. Komabe, aquarists akupitiriza amakhulupirira kuti ntchito analogue akiliriki zambiri yabwino, makamaka ngati mukufuna mphamvu malita 500 kapena kuposa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito laminate (laminated) lakamba zambiri: glued pamodzi kudzera polima filimu ukonde pafupifupi kuwonongedwa, ndi otetezedwa chifukwa zilibe kutha. Hammer kuswa awiri silicate magalasi 10 mm wandiweyani interlayer filimu ndi sizingatheke. Laminated galasi anapanga milatho mandala, akukumana pamakoma a nyumba, mipanda mabeseni ena.

katundu

Gwiritsirani ntchito silicate ofotokoza lapeza malo ake mu nyumbayi. Iwo ntchito osati pakuti mazenera komanso chitetezo zina ndi binder. Choncho, galasi madzi woyesedwa maziko midadada, kuwapanga kugonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi, bowa, kusinthasintha kutentha ndi zina zotero.

Wopindidwa kapena Mat translucent chuma ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, anapanga zitseko mipando, yamvumbi, pamakoma, ndi zina zotero.

Silicate magalasi ali katundu zotsatirazi:

• Transparency.
• Kuwala Reflectance.
• Zachilengedwe wochezeka.
• Kutentha kukana.
• Kukana kuti mapangidwe aukali mankhwala.
• Natural kukana chilengedwe aukali.
• Kwake.
• Low matenthedwe madutsidwe.

makhalidwe zina monga kukana nkhawa ndi kuwonongeka makina, kupereka zinthu mwa othetsa. Akamanena za ndondomeko ndi Kutentha mofulumira ndi kuzirala mofulumira chomwecho mu nthawi yochepa. Mphamvu kumawonjezera ndi nthawi 4-5. Chifukwa zimapangitsa galasi kwa maora, mapanelo chitseko, mipando, ndi m'nyumba makoma.

mankhwala opanga

Zakudya zopangidwa silika galasi ndi banja mankhwala anapangidwa njira zingapo izi:

• Kukanikiza. Unyinji viscous udzathiridwa mu nkhungu amodzi ndiye ntchito makina nkhungu gawo (nkhonya) akupatsidwa ena magawo. Muchikombole kuti padziko mkati mukhoza kukhala chitsanzo, lomwe pa kukhomerera imachitidwa pa gawo lakunja kwa nkhani ino.
• Mphepo. Kumasiyana ndi makina ndi Buku. Khoma makulidwe a mankhwala zimasiyanasiyana 1 mamilimita 10 mm. Njira imeneyi anapanga Miphika, mabotolo, magalasi, makapu. Buku ikuwomba - ndi luso. Master glassmakers kulenga mankhwala wapadera ndi kulumikiza chimaonekera ndipo akuda misa akupanga zitsulo thupi ntchito zipangizo zachilengedwe yaiwisi, golide ndi zina zotero. dzanja zokula sapezeka mankhwala ofanana.
• Akuponya. Makamaka ntchito kwa mafano kupanga, ziboliboli. M'mafakitale chopangidwa ndi kuumba galasi kuwala.
• Mipikisano gawo olowa. Ntchito mbali opangidwa ku umisiri awiri: ikuwomba ndi ofunika. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu galasi Nkhuntho ndi mwendo atolankhani, mbali yomalizidwa ogwirizana.

processing kukongoletsa

Silicate galasi - chonde mfundo zosiyanasiyana yokongola. Kusiyanitsa otentha ndi ozizira chilolezo.

Kwa otentha monga:

• Kudetsa oxides chochuluka zitsulo.
• Kusakaniza kwambiri a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kutchukitsa zina (Venetian galasi ndi Madontho).
• Krakelirovanie. Unyinji umapangidwa mu malonda ndi utakhazikika mofulumira, chifukwa mu ming'alu pamwamba kuwonekera kwa kukonza mankhwala kusungunuka.
• Kusakaniza.
• Hot-kupanga zingwe, yarns, kenako zowonjezera kuti nkhaniyi.
• Mapangidwe mawonekedwe zina za m'mphepete mwa ndondomeko kuphulika. Mwana'yo ntchito zipangizo.

Cold nkhungu chokongoletsera:

• Mawotchi: umapezeka, chosema, diamondi mbali, sandblasting.
• Mankhwala: etching acid hydrofluoric.
• Zonama: kupenta, kujambula chitsanzo decal, silika mafilimu kusindikiza plating, plasma kupopera, kujambula luster utoto.

zina galasi

umisiri wamakono kulola kupereka zina galasi khalidwe silika. Awa, chidwi kwambiri ndi otchuka ndi:

Anzeru galasi: mtundu wa nkhani zimene zimasintha katundu mchikakamizo cha zinthu kunja. Mwachitsanzo, pamene magetsi mankhwala panopa akukhala opaque, pamene disconnecting dera umabwerera kwa boma mandala.

Galasi ulusi (fiberglass) akamagwira kujambula zinthu mu woonda (amayezedwa microns) yarns. A iwo kulenga zinthu mokwanira kusintha. Ntchito yopanga CHIKWANGWANI, chimateteza zipangizo, ndi zina zotero.

Mukalongosola Glass: wamba koloko-laimu galasi ali enaake kapena grayish kulocha bwino chizindikiro, ngati inu mutayang'ana pa odulidwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nsalu ya pang'ono akuda. Kupewa amenewa, mu kupanga ndondomeko akuwonjezeka brighteners, neutralizing mtundu osafunika. Kumasiyana ndi ochiritsira kumatheka kuwala kufala mphamvu chuma, inks HIV popanda kusintha mtundu.