Volkhov HPP: kufotokoza ndi chithunzi. Mbiri ya Volkhov opangira magetsi siteshoni

Monga amadziwika, Alessandro Volta anapanga woyamba magetsi batire mu 1800, chaka. Patatha zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri anabwera ndi mphamvu woyamba, ndi chochitika mpaka kalekale anasintha moyo wa anthu. Ambiri a iwo anali chofunika luso mawu, ndipo kwambiri posachedwa anagwetsa kwambiri kothandiza okwerera. Komabe, pakati pa zomera ndipo anali azaka zoposa. Mwachitsanzo, Volkhov opangira magetsi magetsi, amene umagwira lero, anali mmodzi wa oyamba zinamangidwa m'nthawi ya Soviet Union. Iwo chimatengedwa ngati chipilala a sayansi ndipo imodzi mwa malo oterewa mafakitale dera Leningrad.

Volkhov

Russia - Dziko lalikulu mitsinje, kotero kumayambiriro m'ma, ambiri woyamba anayamba ntchito pa ntchito yake hydropower angathe. Icho chiribe atapita padera ndi mtsinje Volkhov. Pa mapu a dziko lathu n'zosavuta kupeza, chifukwa kutuluka yekha mwa nyanja Ilmen. Ndipo si otsiriza a mbali yake Volhov amatha kusintha malangizo. Izi zimachitika pa otsika kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi ilmenite chifukwa pressurization wa madzi.

mbiri ntchito Volkhov HPP

Ganizo yomanga zomera hydropower pa mtsinje Volkhov woyamba asankha injiniya ATENGEDWA Graftio mu 1902. zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kenako akweza wake anapatsidwa zikamera wa turbines wamphamvu kwambiri, ndi kuperekedwa boma la tsarist Russia. Polojekiti ali si amene anayambitsa kwambiri chidwi akuluakulu, napita monga iwo nkuti, pansi pa nsalu ya muofesiyo. Mu 1917, injiniya anatha chidwi mwana wawo Provisional boma, lomwe chilolezo ntchito kukonzekera kumangira zomera latsopano opangira magetsi mphamvu. Iwo unatha ochepa miyezi ndipo inaimitsidwa chifukwa cha ulimi ndi wotsatira zochitika zomwe zinachititsa kuti kugwa kwa chuma. Ulendo wachiwiri kuyamba kumanga zomera hydropower pa mtsinje Volkhov anali anayesetsa ndi thandizo la V. I. Lenina mu 1918, chaka, koma posakhalitsa anakana. Izo zinali kokha mu 1921, mbewu hydropower anali m'gulu dongosolo electrification.

yomanga

Volkhov HPP posachedwapa chikondwerero chikumbutso ake 95th. Izo zinali zaka zambiri zapitazo, boma la Soviet anatengera kusamvana yomanga ake. Ndipo chikalata anatengera pa msonkhano wa ku Central Executive Komiti ya RSFSR chitatu convocation, ananeneratu kuti chinthu chifuniro kuthandiza kuthetsa vuto la magetsi Petrograd ndi kutha kwa nthaŵi yaitali motero mafuta mavuto. Komanso, mu 1922 boma la RSFSR anauzidwa matupi zogwirizana mogwirizana Volkhovstroy. Chifukwa cha zozizwitsa khama la ogwira ntchito July 1926 ntchito pachipata cha watsopano opangira magetsi mphamvu siteshoni unayambitsidwa, amene amaloledwa lotseguka kudzera navigation pa mtsinje Volkhov. Pamene chipangizo anakhala ndi madzi posungira mahekitala 10 zikwi nthaka yazaulimi.

mbiri ntchito

Ankakhazikitsa Volkhov opangira magetsi mphamvu siteshoni zinachitika mu December 1926. Ndiyeno ndinayamba opangira magetsi atatu ndipo wotsalawo adachititsidwa adamulowetsa pakutha pa miyezi 12. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Volkhov opangira magetsi mphamvu anali 58 MW. Mu zaka wotsatira pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka, ndipo mwa oyambirira 40s 'zinali 66 MW.

Pamene tikuyandikira kutsogolo mzere HPP mu chaka cha forte loyamba la Volkhov zida opangira magetsi anawachotsa ndipo kuchotsedwa. Mwamwayi, Anazi analephera analanda malo pamalo abwino ofunika, ndipo mu chaka cha 1942, pamene zinthu zinasintha penapake, atatu opangira magetsi akhala kachiwiri anaika ndipo achita m'Mphamvu. Komanso, pansi pa Nyanja ya Ladoga kuti ayike chingwe, komanso mphindi Volkhov opangira magetsi chomera (chithunzi cha nthawi pafupifupi sanakhale ndi moyo) Wakudzerani kusewera yovuta kwambiri ntchito mphamvu kundipatsako kwa anazingidwa Leningrad. Limodzi ndi ntchito tinali kuti abweretse mphamvu ya chinthu ziwerengero chisanadze nkhondo, zimene zimatheka ndi October 1944, ndipo okwana HPP kubwezeretsa inatha mu 1945.

M'zaka zotsatira Volkhov opangira magetsi mbewu opareshoni bwino, ndipo mu 1966 ntchito yolenga wa timu yake anapatsidwa Order ya Red Chabwino.

Retooling

Pakati pa 1993 ndi 1996, zaka za Volkhov opangira magetsi siteshoni chithunzi omwe akutipatsa chithunzithunzi cha maonekedwe ake kamangidwe, wakhala akweza. Makamaka, m'malo a atatu m'badwo mayunitsi zipolopolo pa champhamvu 12 MW lililonse. Poyamba Izo zinakonzedwa m'malo ena onse chopangira mphamvu Komabe, chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama, izi zimachitika kwambiri mochedwa. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, kumapeto kwa 2007, tidalowa pangano m'malo woyamba opangira magetsi chomera amene anakhoza kuchita zaka ziwiri mtsogolo. Pa mphindi, ndi Volkhov opangira magetsi siteshoni wamakono ntchito akadali anamaliza. Zikuoneka kuti pambuyo m'malo a mayunitsi onse hayidiroliki mphamvu zake ziwonjezeke kwa 98 MW.

GES lero

Volkhov opangira magetsi zomera ndi imodzi njira otsika mavuto. The zikuchokera ntchito zake zikuphatikiza:

• Konkire damu spillway kutalika mamita 212;
• kumanga zomera hydropower;
• rybohodnoe yomanga;
• chipinda loko kutumiza;
• floodgate;
• ledozaschitnaya khoma ndi kutalika mamita 256.

Pachaka linanena bungwe magetsi a 347 Volkhovskaya Mill. KvVtch. Nyumba magetsi ndi khumi zozungulira-ofananira hayidiroliki mayunitsi zikugwira ntchito pa mutu wa mamita 11. Anzanu opangira magetsi maofesi zimapanga Volkhov posungira. Malo ndi 2,02 sq. Km, ndi mphamvu zothandiza - miliyoni 24,36 kiyubiki mamita ..

maulendo

Monga tanenera kale, Volkhov opangira magetsi magetsi ndi chidwi chipilala cha sayansi, choncho pali nthawi zambiri akufuna kukaona malo ichi ndi timudziwe bwino kapangidwe ake. Kuchita izi, inu ndidzadutsa nkhani kuyambirira pa gulu alendo, zomwe ndi zotheka pa ulaliki wa pasipoti. The ndondomeko ngati motsogozedwa maulendo monga kuyenda kupyolera opangira magetsi damu, kuyendera m'nyumbayi-nyumba Genriha Osipovicha Graftio ndi makina chipinda, komanso familiarization ndi mbiri ya damu. Komanso, ngati pamaso panu mapu a Volkhov, ndiye, kuyang'ana kwambiri, mungathe kuwona kuti pafupi damu mwadzaza zowoneka chidwi. Makamaka ngati mukufuna mukhoza kuchezera City Museum ndi mpingo wa Mikayeli.

Volkhov siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu pa mapu

Kuti tifike opangira magetsi mphamvu siteshoni akhoza sitima, amene inyamuka ku Moscow njanji siteshoni kuti sitima siteshoni "Volkhov", kapena galimoto pa msewu "Kola". HPP kungakuthandizeni kupeza mapu Volkhov, anapereka m'munsimu, imene muyenera kupeza adiresi ya: msewu Graftio, 1.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa, wotchuka Volkhov opangira magetsi siteshoni, ntchito ndi izi thandizo zenizeni m'moyo wa anazinga Leningrad, ndi zimene adzafa m'tsogolo.