Centralized chuma - ndi chiyani ichi?

Kodi chuma centralized? Ndi, ngati munthu sadziwa dzina la wachiwiri kwa dongosolo anakonza zachuma. Tchulani zinthu zimene zikuchitika? Kodi mogwirizana kwa dongosolo yokha? nkhani zina izi ndi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

zambiri

pakati wopita chuma ndi maziko ntchito ina iliyonse imene inadzachitika munthu kapena gulu ndi umalimbana kukwaniritsa cholinga chinachake. Ndiyamika zingapo zochititsa Pankhaniyi gawo la yaying'ono mlingo ndi zazikulu mlingo. Mbali yoyamba amanena za mapulani pa akumakhudzanso ntchito za bizinesi. Pa mlingo zazikulu, ndondomeko izi zachitika kale mu dziko lonse. mitundu ziwiri zosiyanasiyana angapezeke mu chuma chilichonse. Koma lonse ndi kufunika zimasiyanasiyana pa osiyanasiyana ndithu. Pa nthawi ino ndi mapulani otchuka pa akumakhudzanso ntchito za bizinesi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti uyamiko kwa Iye, tingayembekezere ndalama tsogolo ndi revenues, amasonyeza pafupifupi mitengo ya zinthu, komanso kukhazikitsa moyenera kupanga mkombero. Koma kwa ife Article amapereka chidwi kwambiri ndi centralized chuma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti cholinga adzakhala m'malo a dziko.

Dongosolo centralized a zachuma: maziko ongolankhula

Yotchuka kwambiri apa ndi anzake limagwirira, amene anali mu Soviet Union. Koma mmene inakhalapo? maziko Scientific anaikidwa ndi Vilfredo Pareto, Friedrich Von Wieser ndi Enrique Baron. Zinasonyeza kuti chuma anakonza imene pali kasamalidwe centralized kupanga ndi mitengo, mukhoza kuganizira zosowa zosiyana za munthu ndi kudzabadwira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano pakati okwanira ndi akumufuna. Chifukwa chakuti asayansi anagwiritsa ntchito pamwamba Karl Marx ndi Friedrich Chichewa. Analengeza kuti chuma anakonza ndiko Kupambana lalikulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mwayi yofunika kwambiri anthu zokomera. Iwo ali wachiwiri ndi Vladimir Lenin. Kukhazikitsa zothandiza pa zinthu zimayendera ndipo anayamba kulankhula mwamsanga Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira. Koma ndondomeko iyi isanafike chikhazikitso cha zinthu amafotokoza inatenga zaka zambiri.

Mapangidwe chuma centralized pa chitsanzo cha Soviet Union

The zinachitika a dongosolo lonse chakhala unakhazikitsidwa mu December 1917, Supreme Council Economic. Iye anali woyamba co-ordinating ndi kukonzekera thupi. Koma kwenikweni zikuluzikulu yojambula anali chilengedwe cha electrification. Ngati inu mutidziwe ndi zolembedwa za luso, kwa anthu ambiri apeza kuti dongosolo sikuti anapereka kwa kukula kwa mphamvu ya magetsi, komanso lonse makampani magetsi. Mu electrification kufanana kwambiri njira imene Vladimir Lenin mu 1921 ife analenga State Commission Planning, amene mwa misa waukulu kudziwika monga Gosplan. ntchito yake anali kubwerezanso amasangalala ndi mapulani dziko vuto la zachuma. Pang'onopang'ono anapanga m'munsi chifukwa kusintha kwa. Ndipo mu 1927 anaganiza kukhala woyamba dongosolo chitukuko zaka zisanu, amene anali umalimbana chuma cha Soviet Union. Anamanga chitsanzo mwankhanza kudzudzulidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa mu mochedwa '80s ndi' 90s. Koma tiyeni tiyike pambali mbali pandale ndi kuona boma-centralized kwa mfundo ndi maganizo awo.

ubwino

Iwo kwambiri ndi kuchilingalira:

1. Pali mkulu mlingo wa kukula kwa chuma.
2. Anzeru ndi kuja chitukuko cha dziko.
3. Nzika Amawapatsa maphunziro aulere ndi mankhwala.
4. pempholo ndi mgwirizano mfundo ndi atawalamula.
5. Optimally kuthetsa mavuto a zachuma padziko lonse.
6. chuma ndi bwino ntchito, ngakhale ali zochepa.
7. Adzasowe mitundu kupanga ndi kumulipiritsa ndalama.
8. Mothandizidwa ndi pamaso pa osiyanasiyana mulingo woyenera wa mankhwala.
9. chidaliro nzika "mu tsogolo la dziko lawo.
10. chuma akhoza msanga asonkhanitsidwa kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

zolakwa

Kungakhale kulakwa ngati inagona ubwino yekha. Ndipotu, anthu ali zolakwa sanathe kupewedwa:

1. Lolimba ndiponso kwambiri centralized nkhani zachuma.
2. Akuchedwa polimbana ndi mavuto mwadzidzidzi akutulukira, komanso akuchedwa a anachita pa kusintha kufunika kwa mtundu winawake wa mankhwala mu yamtendere.
3. Ngati amawononga dongosolo kwa anthu pa manja yambiri ndalama. Iwo limodzi ndi kusowa okwanira pa msika wa magulu ena kapena mitundu ya katundu.
4. Pamaso pa bureaucracy lalikulu.
5. Ndende mphamvu manja a munthu mmodzi kapena kagulu kochepa.
6. Pamene ena amasokoneza Kodi kulenga zinthu mapangidwe chodzikonda mu mabizinesi anthu ndi ntchito komanso kupulumutsa khalidwe mankhwala (misonkhano).

Features

Tili ndi mbali zofunika kuti chuma pakati anakonza. chuma msika tikambirana zolinga poyerekezera. Choncho, choyamba kofunika kuti muone kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chuma. Choncho, chuma anakonza si kukusalani kuti munthu anali ndi njira yopanga. Koma pansi pa nyundo kale bwino, dzanja zopangidwa makina ndi zina zotero. Mafanizo kufanana ndi lero, pano inu mukhoza kuwonjezera kwambiri ndi 3D-osindikiza. Koma mu kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zachuma, zambiri za njira yopanga ndi m'manja mwa likulu payekha. Kumene, ngati mukufuna kuti asonkhanitsidwa kuchita vuto zikuluzikulu, ndi zoipa. Chifukwa mpaka chuma soberosh kukonza chilichonse nthawi wapatali. Pa mtendere wa zinthu zosiyana kwambiri. Koma ngakhale pano pali mbuna. Choncho, tiyenera kusamala kumwedwa kupewa okhawo uliwonse umene Finyani madzi onse ogula ndi. Ndiko kuti, apa, nawonso, banjali kwambiri alipo, koma kwa gawo lalikulu si kwambiri noticeable ndipo ali khalidwe la alowererepo yozungulira. Kodi n'kutheka kuti msika chuma - centralized? Inde, ndi mmene! Mwachitsanzo, France. Apa, ngakhale palibe kukonzekera kalembedwe Union, koma anayamba zaka zisanu mapulani ake, yomwe ndi njira chitukuko wamba.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, chuma centralized - nkhaniyo m'malo maganizo m'masayansi zachuma. Pamaso pa ulamuliro wabwino ndi maphunziro quality, akhoza kusonyeza zotsatira zabwino. Ndi chitukuko cha nzeru yokumba, machitidwe a mechanization ndi zochita zokha njira yopanga amapereka pansi kunena kuti chuma centralized - ndi tsogolo la anthu. kuthamanga basi sadzakhala ndi ife, ndi makompyuta amene analinganiza kuwongolera pazipita chitonthozo wamoyo.