Verticillium mufuna N'chiyani?

Aliyense nyakulima, chodzala chikhalidwe ena pa chiwembu, amafuna chifukwa cha ntchito zawo kuti mbewu bampala kuti kodi azilipira ndalama osati ndalama, koma nthawi anakhalapo ndi khama. Komabe, pali zinthu zimene zomera wathanzi ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, monga Verticillium mufuna. Vutoli angayambe pamene kulima strawberries, tomato, mbatata, nkhaka. mufuna Verticillium ndi imodzi mwa matenda ambiri zowononga kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhudza zomera kutentha.

Kodi matenda?

The causative wothandizila za matenda ndi wa bowa makamaka ungwiro limene lili mu nthaka. Izi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kulowa mpesa mwa mizu, kumene kungakhale microtraumas. Komanso, kumalimbikitsa malowedwe a kuchuluka kwa tsitsi mizu. Komanso, bowa wa amakhala ku muzu wa khosi kapena njira wochita tsinde, kumene khama zimakhudza awo olakwika pa chomera lonse wonse.

NKHANI kugonjetsedwa tomato

Zizindikiro zoyambirira omwe akusonyeza kuti ayamba Verticillium mufuna tomato kuonekera mu nthawi yogwira maluwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kutembenukira chikasu masamba m'munsi, ambiri a iwo youma ndi kugwa chifukwa. Masamba chapamwamba kukhala wobiriwira, koma wokhota nthawi yomweyo.

Mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha dongosolo muzu wa matenda zikuwoneka wathanzi, koma koyamba ndi wonyenga. The mizu kufa m'kupita kwa matenda, ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti maonekedwe a mbewu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sekondale.

Mukamakambirana tsinde kudula ngakhale wamaliseche diso kuwona mtima mphete chidwi. Ali ndi mtundu bulauni. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Verticillium mufuna Tomato m'kati, mtima necrosis chimafikira kupitirira tsinde la, kufika msinkhu wa 1 mita. Ndi mbali chimasiyanitsa matenda kuchokera ofanana muzu zowola.

Verticillium mufuna wa strawberries

Zizindikiro adzawonekera, kawirikawiri pa kakwamba latsopano mu mapangidwe ndevu. Ngati matendawa amakhudza m'minda akale, nthawi zambiri vuto akuyamba mu nyengo ya nthawi yokolola.

Zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa iwo zimadalira mtundu wa sitiroberi atengeke tizilomboto vertitsilleza kapena ayi. Komabe, Kuuma mlengalenga mbali ya zomera ndi matenda isiyana ndi bowa zina zimene kupatsira mizu. Koma ndi bwino kwa matenda olondola, ndipo kenako chithandizo chosiyanasiyana kutanthauza zasayansi apadera.

Matenda masamba sitiroberi onani wilted, mphwephwa, mosatsata chinyezi. mtundu zawo zimasiyanasiyana pamodzi m'mbali ndipo pabuka-chikasu kapena woderapo. Latsopano masamba zomera, ngakhale kupangidwa, koma zedi kakang'ono, ndipo pasanapite nthawi litapotanitsidwa pamodzi mitsempha. Ngati mmera kwambiri anakhudzidwa, izo zimaleka kukula, pa masharubu wake ndi petioles ungadzakhazikitsidwe milozo kapena mawanga a bulauni kapena buluu wakuda mtundu. Mochedwa kukula amakhudza mizu ya strawberries, kuwonjezera, iwo usiye wakuda pa nsonga.

Zikavuta wilting ndi imfa ya mbewu pali chachikulu, ngati kufa monga ena zomera, kuwonongeka si lalikulu kwambiri ndipo chithandizo kungatithandize kuchotsa tiziromboti lapansi.

The njira ya kulimbana

Ngati anapezeka ndi "Verticillium mufuna," mankhwala kuthandiza pokhapokha ngati kunayambira magawo oyambirira chitukuko matenda. Koma ndi bwino chabe kuwononga mbewu matenda. Kuchititsa nthaka decontamination akamavutika. Kuchita fumigation izi (fumigation, chiwonongeko cha nthunzi poizoni kapena mpweya) ndi solarization (biocide chithandizo).

njira kuteteza

Popular ulimi makhalidwe amene akhoza kuteteza zomera tizilomboto kukhudzana vertitsilleza:

• ntchito mitundu ndi hybrids kuti ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi izi bowa mtundu;
• atakula mu zikhalidwe kutentha pamaso mbewu zomera latsopano, gawo lapansi lakale ayenera chosawilitsidwa kapena steamed, osati pamwamba wosanjikiza;
• nyengo kukula pamene mbewu akadali anakhudzidwa vertitsillezom, ziyenera kuchotsedwa limodzi ndi dongosolo la mizu, ndiyeno malo mukufuna kukhazikitsa chidebe ndi nthaka kotero kuti dziko lapansi latsopano si pokhudzana ndi kachilombo.

Ndipo mfundo: m'nthaka lotseguka pansi akufuna kukonzanso, imene pa malo osiyana nthawi kudzala mbewu monga rye, vetch, woyera mpiru. Bzalani awo analimbikitsa pafupifupi kumapeto kwa nyengo, ndi m'dzinja bwino kulima munda. Chifukwa zatsalira mbewu nthawi, lidzawola, chifukwa nthaka Adzadzipezera zamoyo saprotrophic zimene pamapeto, ziletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.