Ustyurt Plateau: location, malongosoledwe

Wotchuka Ustyurt Plateau ili ku Central Asia, izo ali m'madera ambiri pafupifupi 200 sq M.. m. Ndipo pa iwo ndi malire a Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan ndi Turkmenistan, malo aang'ono. Ndithudi, dzina lakuti "Ustyurt" pomasulira Turkey zikumveka ngati "yachonde".

Odabwitsa chilengedwe

Asayansi ndi Akatswiriwa amati chiyambireni m'mapiriŵa anadutsa zaka zosachepera 20 miliyoni zapitazo. Komatu kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma watha, mu 80s, dziko la sayansi anakhala chidwi Ustyurt. Ndi bungwe kukaona ku Ustyurt yachonde. Anthu anafuna kusonkhanitsa mudziwe mmene ndingathere za malo izi zazikulu.

Anansi chimphona zolengedwa achilengedwe:

• kumadzulo - Mangyshlak Peninsula ndi Gulf wa Garabogazköl (mu "wakuda pakamwa" Baibulo);
• kummawa - irreversibly m'mbuyo Aral Nyanja, ndi ankadziwana la mtsinje Amu Darya.

Bozzhira

Miyeso ya Ustyurt yachonde ndi chidwi mu malo osiyana msinkhu wake ranges ku mamita 180 mpaka 300. Nthawi zina inadza phompho ovuta 350-mita - mphutsi, amene limatuluka pamwamba pa chigwa ozungulira.

Mwapamwamba imatengedwa kum'mwera chakumadzulo mbali ya malo okwera otchedwa Bozzhira. Amakhala ndi zitunda miyala, mapiri (zitunda) ndi contours pafupifupi yosalala. Mudzi Bozzhiry amazipanga zokongola, akhoza kupikisana ndi wotchuka Chipilala Valley (USA). Chinthu chokha chimene chimasiyanitsa malo awa chodabwitsa mu dziko wina ndi mzake, - kupezeka ndi alendo. Mwatsoka, ochepa a iwo anamva za kukhalako kwa ngale izi wa Ustyurt. Kazakhstan ofunika akuyendayenda pa mapu a mapiri chaka lonse malowa.

Kumalekezero zapitazi yachonde

zaka zoposa 21 miliyoni zapitazo, m'mapiriŵa ili pansi pa madzi. Mu lothandiza akutali padziko lapansi panali awiri akuluakulu Africa - Laurasia ndi Gondwana. Iwo anali ndi Tethys Ocean. Kutha kwa nyanja wakale, kumene kunali mbali ya nyanja, m'pofunika kuti zoyambirira za Cenozoic. Luso ndondomeko imeneyi inapita patsogolo za 2 miliyoni zapitazo, pambuyo delimit ya Caspian ndipo Black Pacific.

Miyala Ustiurt ndi seashells, omwe akutsimikiza kungoganizira. Komanso, pali kuchuluka yaikulu tinatake tozungulira ferromanganese, ndiwo kukula ndi mawonekedwe amafanana mipira billiard. Si aliyense amene ndikuganiza kuti momwazikanamwazikana pamwamba pa malo okwera anapanga ozungulira mapangidwe pansi pa nyanja. Madzi pang'onopang'ono linasokoneza dolomite ndi laimu miyala, koma anatuluka mphamvu ferromanganese tinatake tozungulira, madalitso okhaokha mawonekedwe anamaliza. Sindikukhulupirira kuti yachonde Ustyurt lili Kazakhstan. Anthu akumeneko akunyadira kukopa izi.

yosatheka kuneneka kukongola

Thandizo ndi yosalala pamwamba ndi chipululu. M'madera ena nthaka chimakhala chogwidwa ndi dongo, ena - dongo ndi miyala pamwamba. Komanso, pali madera a mchenga kapena miyala yabwino. M'chipululu agonjera ku ming'alu kapena miyala wopangidwa makamaka choko. Mosadziwa wogwidwa ndi kudandaula kuti ndinu padziko ndi dziko lopanda moyo kapena alipo pa kuwombera wa Hollywood mafilimu a yofanana. Ustyurt Plateau amakopa alendo ambiri ndi ojambula zithunzi amene zikugwira kujambula zokongola.

Kukongola kwenikweni kwa mathanthwe Cretaceous kumachitika pamene dzuwa likutuluka, kapena atakhala. Panthaŵi limatithandiza kuona kukongola: cheza Nthawi zambiri woyera ovuta utoto mithunzi. Masana, iwo pang'ono bluish. Ngati mumazindikira zokopa zachilengedwe, onetsetsani kuti kukaona malo okwera Ustyurt (Kazakhstan).

Flora ndi zinyama zokhala malo okwera

Wachibale kwa nyama ndi zomera ndi Dziwani zotsatirazi. Palibe chilichonse chimene kudabwa alendo. Chogwidwa oimira ngati a dziko chomera, monga chowawa ndipo saxaul. Mu yabwino kwambiri kasupe nyengo, amene kumatenga nthawi yochepa, pali maluwa, ndi chithunzi amakhala owala.

The zomera ndi zambiri osiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu onse amene ndinazolowera moyo m'chigawo ndi zipululu. nyengo yomwe yachititsa chisomo zokwawa, amene ankaimira ndi abuluzi, njoka ndi akamba. Kukhazikika bwino makoswe ang'ono (mbewa yoyenda modumpha, njale, groundhog, gerbil), hedgehogs ndi akalulu. Izi ngakhale kuti aliyense wa iwo ndi nyama angathe nkhandwe, nkhandwe kapena caracal. Osati zoipa akuona cheetah, yomwe ndi mitundu osowa, choncho kutetezedwa ndi lamulo. Kunyada kwa Ustyurt saiga ankaona amantha. Mwatsoka, anthu awo ali mwakayakaya. nyama zokhala-hoofed zimapezekanso argali.

Pa ovuta a escarpment atapanga mu otchuka kuika miimba ndi mphungu, monyadira kuonera zonse zikuchitika pansi pa kumveka. Pali bwino kwa Ulaya mbalame - nkhunda ndi mpheta. Anthu makamaka Ustyurt yachonde njoka. Choncho, alendo kusamala, kuyenda pa mtunda miyala.

Mbali ina ya Ustyurt Plateau - gulu lalikulu la akavalo zakutchire. Kamodzi woyendayendawu Kazakhs ankachita kulima nyama pa minda ya m'deralo.

Madzi ndi mphepo

The madzi m'mapiriŵa imatengedwa chofunika, monga matupi zachilengedwe madzi kalekale mbisoweka. Mitsinje yonse ndi nyanja ndi nthawi kuti ziume. Zonsezi zidalipodi akutali m'mbuyomu zikusonyeza mabedi youma ndi m'madambo mchere. Mphepo mu Ustyurt kukhala ndi ufulu wonse, chifukwa yachonde palibe zopinga zachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe a mapiri ndi nkhalango.

Zimenezi zimaonekera boma la miyala karst, zikubweretsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka, womwe kumabweretsa kusintha mu malire a Ustyurt yachonde.

Mikuluwiko ozungulira dera

Mu Middle Ages zinali pa wake njira Ustyurt katundu yemwe ankapita ku Khorezm, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku midzi m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi malire m'munsi mwa mtsinje wa Volga. Mu mawu ena, unachitikira silika Road. Udabuluka zambiri zakale, kutsimikizira kuti malonda anthu ambiri ankabwera yachonde. Mwachitsanzo, zotsalira za manda ndi mipingo mobisa. Akukonzekeretsa ndi kuthetsa, ngakhale mizinda ndi alendo kwa Apaulendo (caravanserais) ndi zofunikira zonse. Iwo anakhalabe mu mkhalidwe wabwino mabwinja a umodzi mwa mizinda imeneyi otchedwa Shahr-i-Wazir.

Cha m'ma 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, zouluka pa ndege yachonde imachitika mlengalenga kujambula. Padziko yachonde anawapeza chithunzi mwachinsinsi, chinachake chonga arrowheads imatsogoleredwa kumpoto chakumadzulo. triangular woboola pakati kanjedza ndi chidwi kwambiri kukula, mbali yawo kufika mamita 100 m'litali. Wosadziwika mfiti kulenga chimphona m'dziko "mivi" ntchito mwala wosweka. Zikuoneka adawathira tanthauzo wopatulika. A yankho lomveka bwino ndi mosapita m'mbali funso limeneli, asayansi usanaperekedwebe.

Near aliyense ngodya mu nthaka anakumba maenje. N'kutheka kuti madzi nditamva. Kuwonjezera awa "mivi", kenako anapeza mafanizo ena, makamaka asilikali, mapiramidi ndi akamba, omwenso amagwiritsidwa anamanga mwala. "Mivi" pa chikweza mosavuta pachikhalidwe mofanana gulu zinsinsi za mbiri kuti fano wotchuka mu Nazca chipululu.

Onetsetsani kukaona Ustyurt, anafika ku Kazakhstan. Kudera mapu zimasonyeza kumene izo ili, chosaiwalika zachilengedwezi.