UN zinenero boma. ndi chinenero mu UN chiyani?

The United Nations ali mamembala ambiri m'mayiko. Komabe, ntchito mothandizana ndiponso makalata a bungwe ikuchitika zinenero ochepa yeniyeni. boma zinenero amenewa UN, mndandanda wa zomwe ndi ochepa, anasankha mwangozi. Anali chifukwa cha njira mosamala ndi mwanzeru.

m'zinenero zisanu

ndi zinenero ochepa dziko yekha anazindikira kuti zinenero boma la UN. Kusankha kwawo kufooketsedwa ndi zifukwa zambiri, monga kuchuluka kwa. Mu zonse pali zinenero zisanu ndi chimodzi boma UN. Zikuphatikizapo, ndithudi, Russian. Chotsani kusankha mokomera English ndi Chinese - zilankhulo izi analankhula nambala yaikulu anthu onse pa dziko. Kuwonjezera awa, udindo wa chinenero anali Arabic, Spanish ndi French. zilankhulo zonsezi anthu m'mayiko oposa zana padziko lonse, iwo kulankhula kuposa 2 miliyoni 800 anthu.

mphindi mbiri

Mbiri ya zinenero boma UN anayamba Titamaliza ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. The hayala UN, wandende mwa United States 26/06/1945, poyamba lalembedwa mu Mabaibulo asanu chinenero. Mwa iwo munalibe Arabic. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi nkhani 111 ya chikalata ichi, amene anafotokoza kuti nthawi zonse, kaya yokonza chinenero, ndi lodalirika.

Mu 1946, Assembly General ovomerezeka malamulo pansi yomwe inkafuna kuchitira zinenero onse mofanana, ndi kuti zinenero zisanu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ziwalo zonse za atumiki United Nations. Pa lomwelo la akuluakulu nthawi UN kutchulidwa ndi chinenero, English ndi French - ntchito. Chaka chotsatira, gulu wadzichotsa chofunika kuti zinenero boma UN, mndandanda wa zomwe inkakhala m'malo asanu okha ndiwo udindo chomwecho mu mabungwe ena.

Mu 1968, udindo ntchito chinenero Russian anali - chimodzi mwa zilankhulo boma UN.

Mu 1973, chinenero ntchito zina anazindikira mwa Chinese. Anawonjezera monga chinenero ndi Arabic, anachita zomwezo, ndi chinenero ntchito ya General Assembly. Mu njira iyi, zilankhulo zonse boma pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba ndi antchito.

Mu 1983, zinenero onse asanu boma UN akutsanzira anazindikira mwa Council Security lapansi. Mu gulu ili, ndipo iwo akhalanso boma, ndipo pa antchito yomweyo.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti onse Mlembi General UN anali ndi chidziwitso ntchito ya English ndi French.

Kugwilitsidwa nchito kwa zilankhulo

UN zinenero boma ntchito pa misonkhano yosiyanasiyana ndi misonkhano ya wamkulukulu mu kukula kwa gulu. Makamaka iwo ntchito pa General Assembly ndi Summit mitu ya anthu Council Security. Tatchulawa zinenero ntchito, ndi pa Khonsolo ya Economic ndi Social.

Tanthauzo la udindo uwu kuti aliyense wa mamembala a United Nations adzakhala ndi ufulu wolankhula pa a m'zinenero izi boma. Komabe, sikuti mwa njira iliyonse kuchepetsa ufulu wake kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero china. Ngati nthumwi ya dziko lililonse sadzalankhula za chinenero, ndi omasulira adzakhala kumasulira chovomerezeka ndi boma. Komanso, mbali ya kumasulira kwa chinenero imodzi yovomerezeka mu ena asanu ntchito omasulira.

Kulemba UN

The chinenero cha gululo ndi yofuna m'zinenero onse asanu. Ndipo ngati chikalata yatembenuzidwa Mwachitsanzo, zilankhulo okha zinayi, ndi otsala ziwiri si anasamutsidwa, ndiye chikalata amenewa sati chikalata popanda kulandira kutanthauzira zinenero zonse boma. Yonena za malemba ndi yemweyo - palibe kanthu chimene chinenero wake ulaliki.

zinenero parity

Pa nthawi ina, utsogoleri wa United Nations anyozedwa chifukwa chizolowezi chake kugwiritsa ntchito English, ndipo motero, chifukwa kupanda chidwi kwa anthu a zinenero zina boma. The UN mayiko nawo amene anthu amalankhula Spanish, mu 2001, kuika nkhani pamaso Mlembi General Kofi Annan. Ngakhale Annan anafotokoza vutoli pakati pa zinenero zisanu kuti bajeti bungwe la salola bwino kuganizira subtleties onse ndi mokoma omasulira m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, iye anali kuchonderera kuti cholemba ndipo anafotokoza chiyembekezo choti zinthu ayenera kudzudzulidwa poganizira ntchito okwanira aliyense chinenero.

Ine kuthetsa nkhani yovutayi mu 2008-2009, pamene Assembly General anatengera kusamvana, malinga ndi zimene Secretariat anali tasked kutsatira parity mwa zilankhulo zonse boma. chidwi chofunika kulipira kulanda mudziwe kuti kufalitsa onse.

June 8, 2007 United Nations anatengera kusamvana za kasamalidwe ka anthu ogwira ntchito mu izo. Pa nthawi yomweyo chikalatacho dala anatsindika kufunika mkulu wa Kuyanjana pakathi pa onse popanda yekha, 6 zinenero boma.

October 4, 2010 Mlembi General anakonza lipoti lokhudza multilingualism, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndi General Assembly anapempha iye kupereka kumutsimikizira kuti onse lovomerezeka ndi ntchito zinenero wa UN ngofanana, kuti iwo ali Nzofunikira kuti lidzigwira ntchito zawo adzakhala analenga. Komabe, ulamuliro wa anthu padziko lonse anatengera kusamvana zomwe ananena kuti chitukuko cha pawebusaiti yovomerezeka ya United Nations (ya multilingualism) kukuchitika mayendedwe pang'onopang'ono kuposa kale envisaged.

mabungwe UN apadera

Amadziwika kuti pa UN pali mabungwe palokha kapena mabungwe amene ntchito autonomously. mabungwe Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, UNESCO, ndi Universal Keyala Union, ndi ena. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'zinenero boma la matupi UN palokha mukhoza kutengedwa ngati zinenero zina. Choncho, Universal Keyala Union adzakhala ntchito kokha mu French, ndi wovomerezeka kokha. Pa UNESCO M'malo mwake, iwo kuboma m'zinenero zisanu ndi zinayi, kuphatikizapo Chipwitikizi ndi Italy, komanso Hindi. IFAD ali m'zinenero zinayi zokha ntchito ndi mamembala pa mlingo boma. Arabic ichi, French ndi English.

Wogwirizanitsa zinenero

Back mu 1999, Assembly General unachitikira pamtima Mlembi General mwa chikhazikitso cha kusamvana, yemwe anapempha kukhazikitsa boma mkulu wa Secretariat ndi kuikidwa kwa iye. Pa boma anapereka udindo umenewu kwa Kutsata zinthu zonse zokhudzana multilingualism.

December 6, 2000 ndi udindo uwu anaikidwa Federico Resko Chile. Mgwilizanitsi lotsatira multilingualism anakhala Miles Stobi Guyana, amene anaikidwa pa udindo wa 6 September 2001.

Shashi Terur anali kukhala wotsogolera mu 2003, Kofi Annan. Likufanana ndi ichi, iye anali akugwirabe monga Mlembi-General wachiwiri nkhani zokhudza la mauthenga ndi mauthenga onse.

Panopa, positi ya alumiki kwa Multilingualism Kiyo Akasaka ndi ku Japan. Monga Shashi Terur, iye Chili ntchito ndi malo Mutu wa Division wa Information Public.

masiku chinenero

Kuyambira chaka cha 2010, bungwe la United chikondwerero otchedwa masiku chinenero, omwe cholinga chimodzi mwa zilankhulo zisanu boma UN. Ntchito imeneyi mothandizidwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Information Public, kuti kukondwerera zosiyanasiyana zinenero bungwe, komanso kupeza nzeru ndi mfundo za kufunika kwa kukambirana intercultural. Tsiku lililonse chinenero makamaka kugwirizana ndi aliyense chochitika kwambiri m'mbiri amene anachitika m'dziko la chinenero.

• Arabic - December 18 - tsiku la mtima wa Chiarabu nduna chinenero UN.
• Russian - June 6 - tsiku la kubadwa kwa AS Pushkin.
• English - April 23 - tsiku la kubadwa kwa Shakespeare.
• Spanish - October 12 - ". Columbus" Tsiku imatengedwa mu Spain monga
• China - April 20 - polemekeza Cangjie.
• French - 20 March - tsiku la kulengedwa kwa International.

Ikufanana ndi European Union

European Union - wina wamkulu zinenero gulu la maiko angapo. Mu dziko lililonse la maiko awa, ndithudi, chinenero. Choncho, mgwirizano uwu pali ulamuliro waukulu zilankhulo zonse za maiko nawo ndi ofanana. Zonse zolembedwa ndi mbiri iyenera kuchitikira mu zilankhulo izi, kupanga anasamutsidwa yoyenera. Komabe, ndi kukula kwa Union ndi kulolerana mayiko ena (kumpoto Scandinavia ndi ku Eastern), ophunzira atsopano safunikira ndi European Union, kuwapatsa udindo boma kulungamitsa ili ndi chidziwitso cha a m'zinenero zikuluzikulu. Izi amaonedwa kukhala mu mgwirizano English, German, Italy, French ndi Spanish. Ndithudi, malo amenewa anthu atsopano pa gulu zikutsimikiziridwa ndi chakuti pafupifupi oimira zonse ndi chidziwitso chabwino cha chimodzi mwa zilankhulo zimenezi. Ambiri mwa mamembala atsopano amakonda kulankhula English. Komanso tisaiwale kuti European Union ndi mbali ambiri odzipereka a multilingualism - ndi French.

Kugwilitsidwa nchito kwa zilankhulo nduna mabungwe ena padziko lonse

Onse a mabungwe mayiko Mwachitsanzo, amakhazikika mu malonda masewera komanso ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mu English, koma Komanso, amatchuka ntchito kawirikawiri a Chifalansa, iye ndi mkulu m'madera ambiri.

Mabungwe a padziko lonse ali ndi sikelo dera, ali makamaka ntchito chinenero chimene Ndi mmene kwa zikuchokera mtundu kapena chipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe Muslim ntchito chinenero Arabic, ndi gawo lalikulu la anthu omwe sanali Muslim Africa ntchito monga zinenero nduna ya kapena French kapena English (a chikoka chachikulu anasiya atsamunda zakale).

Ndi mtima wofuna zilankhulo zina zamayendedwe boma pa UN

Posachedwapa, zinenero dziko boma UN mukufuna kukhala zinenero zina zambiri. Pakuti ufulu umenewu, m'mayiko ambiri akuvutika. Choncho, mwa mayiko zimenezi zingathe kudziŵika Turkey, Portugal, India ndi ena. Mu 2009, monga latsopano chinenero anali akufuna Chibengali, lomwe lili pa nambala chiwiri mwa zinenero zambiri zinazi. Pa kulimbikitsa Nduna ya Bangladesh.

Ngakhale kuti nambala yaikulu anthu kulankhula Hindi, chilakolako India ndi kutsogolera mapangidwe chinenero monga nduna analandidwa. Zimenezi zinafotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti Hindi ndi kufala zochepa pa dziko, ndipo pafupifupi anthu onse amene amalankhula izo, wambiri m'dera la boma.

Panali maganizo pa chisankho monga chinenero chachikulu nduna - Chiesperanto, zomwe m'malo zinenero zonse zilipo, potero kuchepetsa mtengo wa bungwe bajeti, kupulumutsa mabaibulo.