Ukraine. dera Lugansk

m'dera la Ukraine, mpaka posachedwapa, makamaka adalimkumva kokha anthu a dziko lino ndi nzika za USSR kale. Today dera Lugansk atamva konse.

mwachidule

Lugansk dera ndi zigawo kum'mawa kwa Ukraine. Malowa ali pamtunda pa zigwa, anakafika ku chigwa mtsinje. Seversky Donets. Kum'mwera ndi Donetsk lokwera, ndi kumpoto ndi chimathandiza a ku Central Russian zomwe zili. Chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino nyengo ndi malo abwino dera limeneli wakhala wokhalamo anthu. Lugansk dera malire ndi Donetsk (South-West) ndi Kharkiv (kumpoto) zigawo Ukraine. Komanso, iye ali ndi malire yaitali ndi Russia. Kummawa, kumpoto ndi kum'mwera izo malire a dera Voronezh, Belgorod, Rostov la Russia.

Features Ofunika

Lugansk dera Ayala kumpoto chakum'mwera kwa 250 Km. Kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo m'litali ndi 190 Km. Dera la Luhansk -. 26,7 zikwi Km, umene uli 4.4% ya mayiko Chiyukireniya. Mpumulo wa m'deralo ndi kuchotsedwa pa mbalambanda, kuuka kwa Seversky Donets mtsinje kum'mwera ndi kumpoto.

Mbiri ya maphunziro

Kwa zaka zambiri m'gawo limeneli, wotchedwa Bakuman Field, wosiyana Russia ku Crimea Khanate. M'zaka za m'ma XVI. apa anayamba kupanga utumiki alonda. Panthawi imeneyi, nambala yaikulu asilikali a mfumu kuoneka m'deralo. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVII. Apa, watsopano zakale dera - Sloboda. Pofuna kugwirizanitsa mu umodzi zigawo khala la chigawo Donetsk likulu lake mumzinda wa Lugansk idamangidwa mu 1919, amene wakhalapo kwa 1925. C 1925 ndi 1930, panali Region Lugansk. Mu June 1925 m'chigawo cha Ukraine akhala anathetsedwa, ndi County zapita kuyang'aniridwa mwachindunji kwa SSR Chiyukireniya.

pano dzina Lugansk dera analandira mu 1958. Zisanachitike, kuyambira kulekana Stalin m'dera mu 1938, iyo inkatchedwa Voroshilovgrad. Komabe, kubwerera ku dzina wapachiyambi kuchokera mu 1970 mpaka 1990. Kenako anaganiza kuti adzathe osankhidwa njira masika. Utatha wa USSR, Lugansk dera anakhalabe mbali ya palokha Ukraine.

mchere

Mbali zimenezi amadziwika madipoziti awo a malasha apamwamba. Iwo anathamangira mu mabilioni a matani. A wachitatu wa iwo - coke, ndi kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili - anthracite. Zikupezekera ndi madipoziti gasi. M'madera ambiri a m'dera Lugansk anapeza sandstone, miyala, marl, choko, osiyanasiyana clays. Mu Lugansk, Lisichansk, Severodonetsk, Starobelsk anapeza mchere akasupe.

nyengo

Pa dera la dera Luhansk ali ndi kotentha chokhala ndi nyengo. Mu January, kutentha avareji -15 ° C, ndipo mu July +35 ° C. M'dera lino, ndi ndi yozizira. Mbali kanukanu ndi lakuthwa kum'mwera kum'mawa ndi kum'mawa mphepo ndi frosts kwambiri. Chilimwe ndi sweltering ndi youma. Mu autumn, mu Luhansk konzekera, wouma ndi dzuwa. The mpweya ndi pafupifupi 500 mamilimita pa chaka.

Dothi ndi zomera

nthaka yachonde - ndi zimene wakhala wotchuka chifukwa Ukraine. Lugansk dera, mu nkhani iyi - yotero. Iwo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi nthaka wakuda. Mphamvu chonde mapangidwe m'madera ena 1-1.5 mamita makulidwe. Palinso wamba dothi sod. Ambiri mwa dera Luhansk - steppe. Nkhalango kosakwanira - iwo atenga za 7% za gawolo.

chuma

The yabwino Hrs malo a m'dera chinathandiza chitukuko cha chuma. Kudera limeneli kale anayamba mayiko. ubwino ndi:

• moyandikana ndi zipangizo m'madera olemera monga North Caucasus, ndi Dnieper, ndi Black Lapansi Russia;
• ndi bwino anayamba misewu ndi njanji;
• moyandikana ndi malo lalikulu mafakitale ndi zigawo (Kharkov, Center kwa Russia, Rostov pa-Don).

Wotchuka Lugansk dera? 2014 anaononga onse kumabungwe a zachuma a dera ili. Posachedwapa, izo yapita patsogolo migodi komanso mafakitale mankhwala, kukonza lolemera, zitsulo, ulimi. Dera limeneli ndi limodzi mwa zisanu m'madera ambiri otukuka mafakitale ndi chuma Ukraine. Iwo anali anaikira kwa 5% ya ogwira ntchito ndipo pafupifupi 4.6% ya chuma chachikulu cha dziko. Makampani anali gawo atongi wa chuma. cholowa mu mankhwala aakulu m'banja analipo atatu kotala.

The mafakitale zovuta za dera Lugansk

The Mipikisano zovuta za dera Lugansk makampani patsogolo processing. The linanena bungwe okwana chiwerengero chake chinali za 72%. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi makampani fakitale coke kupanga luso lopanga, petrochemical ndi mafakitale mankhwala. M'dera la ntchito za mafakitale kwa yopanga zamkati ndi pepala, chakudya, zipangizo yomanga. mankhwala Luhansk angapezeke osati Ukraine komanso akutali malire ake. Waukulu malonda okondedwa a m'dera anali ku Russia.

Industrial m'dera

The dera ali ndi mafakitale ochepa lolemera. Palinso chinayambika ndi mafuta ndi mphamvu gawo, ambiri a iwo makampani migodi. Buku okwana kupanga iwo chifukwa cha pafupifupi 18%. makampani migodi Amakhala makamaka amakampani malasha. Lugansk dera zovuta mafakitale dziko chionekera lonse mphamvu yaikulu mafuta kuyenga, kupanga zida makina, zenera galasi, kupanga resins, mapulasitiki, koloko phulusa, chidebe gulu kupanga malasha ake.

M'dera limeneli, anapanga 3 lalikulu mafakitale malo:

• Lugansk - specialization ake ndi makampani a nyumba makina, zokhomakhoma, makampani kuwala.
• Lisichansk, Rubezhnoye-Severodonetsk - petrochemical ndi mankhwala mafakitale.
• Alchevsk-Stakhanov - chitsulo, malasha ndi makina zomanga maofesi.

Mu kusanja 100 mabizinezi waukulu mu Ukraine ndi:

• OJSC "Alchevsk Iron ndi zitsulo Ntchito."
• PP "Rovenkianthracite".
• "Luganskoblenergo" SJSEC.
• Zhydachiv zamkati ndi mphero pepala.
• SE "Severodonetsky asafe".
• Stakhanov Ferroalloy Bzalani.
• JSC "Linos".
• JSC "Lisichansk koloko".

ulimi

Mudzi Lugansk dera ndiwo maziko a ulimi za gawolo. Opanga okhazikika kupanga oilseed (mpendadzuwa) ndipo dzinthu (yozizira tirigu, chimanga) mbewu. chitukuko ndithu nyama husbandry ndi horticulture. Anthu a m'mudzimo kukhala mkaka ndi ng'ombe ng'ombe, nkhumba, nkhosa. Makampani nkhuku bwino anakamba. kupanga zonse ulimi ndi anaikira mu mayunitsi 19 utsogoleri. Iwo agawidwa mu zinthu zitatu kupanga (malingana ndi nthaka ndi nyengo ndi chuma): kum'mwera, kumpoto ndi wakunja kwatawuni. Pa kutaya opanga ulimi ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 2.2 miliyoni a m'dzikolo, amene mahekitala 1.3 miliyoni ndi zija m'deralo. The ntchito zinthu zamakono zaulimi amathandiza kusonkhanitsa mkulu zokolola kwambiri za mbewu zosiyanasiyana, masamba ndi mavwende.

Chiwerengero cha dera Luhansk

Pakuti dera Luhansk yodziwika ndi mkulu mlingo wa mizinda. M'dera limeneli, pafupifupi 86,5% ya anthu akukhala m'mizinda. The kachulukidwe ndi anthu 96 pa 1 sq. Km. chiwerengerochi - chiwiri mwa mizinda yonse ya Ukraine. Zoposa 53% ya anthu - akazi. Pafupifupi 60% ya anthu a m'dera pa msinkhu ntchito. A zikwi wamphamvu chifukwa ana 706 ndi pensioners. Mlingo kubadwa mu dera ndi 6.1 ppm. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mu dera Luhansk kachitidwe kwa depopulation. The kuchepa zachilengedwe m'madera ntchitoyi anali wosiyana.

Mu 2013, chiwerengero cha dera Lugansk anthu oposa 2.3. Dera limeneli ndi 6 yaikulu chiwerengero cha anthu mu Ukraine. Nthawi kuchokera 01.01.2014 mpaka 1,09. 2014 anthu anatsika ndi 6,6 zikwi. Man.

zikuchokera National

Mu dera Lugansk ndi kunyumba 104 mitundu (mafuko). Cholowa cha Ukrainians ndi oposa 50% ya chonse cha anthu. Russian - 40%. Ambiri a iwo amakhala m'madera pafupi Lugansk. Anthu ena akhoza kuwasiyanitsa Belarusians (1%) ndi Chitata (zosakwana 1%).

chipembedzo

Ukraine (Luhansk dera makamaka) amakhala ndi pamaso pa zipembedzo zambiri. Pa dera la malo tiganizire, pali madera 45 chipembedzo. Iwo amakhala ndi mabungwe 791 achipembedzo (madera 764, 10 dera maofesi ndi mayanjano, sukulu 5, 6 utumwi wauzimu, mchitidwe umenewu 6). pali 188 maphunziro a Sande m'deralo. Pa gawo la zochitika Luhansk a atsogoleri mpingo chinkhoswe mu 1107.

Mwa chiwerengero cha m'dera dera:

• 58,2% - chikale (444 madera);
• 24,2% - Achiprotestanti (185);
• 14% - chipembedzo atsopano ndi kayendedwe atsopano (107);
• 1.7% - Ayuda (13);
• 1.3% - Asilamu (10);
• 0.5% - grekokatoliki (4 kufika);
• 0.1% - Akatolika (1 dera).

utsogoleri magawano

Ma a dera Lugansk: Utatu, Starobelsk, Slavyanoserbsky, Stanichno-Lugansk, Sverdlovsk, Svatovsky, Perevalskiy, Popasnjansky, Novopskovsky, Melovsky, Novoaydarsky, Markowski, Kreminna, Lutuginsky, Krasnodon, Belovodskiy, Antratsit, Belokurakinsky. Mu izo, pali 933 midzi, chimene:

• 37 - mizinda (14 - 23 ndi dera - mtengo dera);
• 109 - midzi m'tawuni;
• 787 - midzi.

M'dera pali 17 chigawo ndi 37 mabungwe mzinda, 84 mzinda ndi mabungwe kumudzi 206.

malo mafakitale

Kupatula Lugansk, ndiwo malo aakulu mafakitale kum'mawa Ukraine ndi midzi zofunika ndi ena kwambiri kutukula m'maderawa. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, Sverdlovsk. dera Lugansk amakhala ndi chakuti, ngakhale m'midzi ochepa makampani osiyanasiyana. Apa icho chiri: malasha processing zovuta "Sverdlovantratsit" GOAO "Mayak", ndi Canada kampani East Malasha Company, olowa ankapitabe "Intersplav", OAO "Sverdlovsk makina zomanga fakitale" fakitale zida migodi. Sverdlovsk (Luganska) ali pa Kumvetsela ake: ga Chernopartizansk 6 midzi m'tawuni (Volodarskogo Pavlivka, Kalinisky, Leninsky, Anthuwa, Fedorivka) 3 midzi (Kiselevo Kuli, Ustinovka), 7 adakhala (Kuryachii, Malomedvezhe, Utkino , Matveyevka, Rytikovo, Antrakop, posambira) ndi Ivaschensky munda.

Mzinda wa dera Luhansk

Poyamba anatchula mkulu mlingo wa mizinda m'chigawo. Anthu ambiri amakhala m'mizinda ndi m'midzi lalikulu. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi lalikulu mafakitale mabungwe ang'onoang'ono. . Mzinda wa dera Luhansk, chiwerengero cha anthu amene alumphe anthu 18 sauzande: Lugansk (anthu 424,1 zikwi ..), Alchevsk (110.5), Severodonetsk (108.9), Lisichansk (103.5), Krasny Luch ( 82.2), Stakhaniv (77.2), Sverdlovsk (64.9) Rubejnoe (60.0) Anthracite (54.2), Rovenki (47.4), Bryanka (46.8), Krasnodon (44 , 0) Pervomais'k (38.2), kirovsk (28.2) Perevalsk (25.7) Molodogvardejsk (23.1) Popasnaya (21.8) Sukhodolsk (20.9), mwala (20, 1).

The vuto chinenero

Chiwerengero cha dera Luhansk amalankhula makamaka zinenero ziwiri. Mu 2001, 30% ya anthu kuganizira Chiyukireniya monga m'chinenero chawo. Komabe, kuchuluka izi zosiyana kwambiri, malinga ndi mtundu wa midzi. Choncho,% 25,5 yekha nzika kuganizira Chiyukireniya m'chinenero chawo. M'midzi, chithunzi ndi 63,8%. 40% ya malo a sukulu kuphunzitsa chinenero Chiyukireniya. Koma m'mizinda ina, palibe ambiri a sukulu Chiyukireniya. Ambiri m'madera russified: Perevalskiy (77%), Stanichno-Luganskiy (68%) ndi Lutuginsky (73%).