Thermocouple: mfundo ya opareshoni, chipangizo

Pali zosiyanasiyana zipangizo ndi njira kuyeza kutentha. Ena ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, ena - zosiyanasiyana za kafukufuku thupi, mu njira mafakitale ndi mafakitale ena.

Mmodzi chipangizo choterechi ndi thermocouple. Mfundo ntchito chipangizo ndi dera akambirana mu zigawo zotsatirazi.

Maziko thupi la ntchito thermocouple

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya thermocouples zachokera njira mwachizolowezi thupi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba zotsatira, pa maziko amene unit umayendera chinafufuzidwa ndi German wasayansi Thomas Seebeck.

Akamanena za chodabwitsa, amene agwira thermocouple kanthu mfundo motere. Mu chatsekedwa dera magetsi wopangidwa mwa mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya ochititsa tikamva ena magetsi kutentha zachilengedwe kutero.

Chifukwa magetsi panopa ndi yozungulira kutentha kuchita ochititsa ali kudalira liniya. Ndiko kuti, apamwamba kutentha, m'pamenenso panopa magetsi kwaiye thermocouple a. Ndipo kumadalira pa mfundo imeneyi ya ntchito kwa thermocouple ndi kukana thermometer.

M'menemo mmodzi wa thermocouple kukhudzana ndi pa poti m'pofunika kuyeza kutentha, umatchedwa "otentha." Kukhudzana chachiwiri, mwa kulankhula kwina - "ozizira" - zosiyana. Yofunsira kuyeza thermocouples analolera mu nkhani imene firiji n'chozama kupitirira malo kayesedwe.

Chotero lalifupi dera ntchito thermocouple ndi mfundo opaleshoni. Mitundu ya thermocouples ayankhidwa mu gawo lotsatira.

mitundu ya thermocouples

Aliyense makampani, kumene miyezo kutentha zifunika, makamaka ntchito thermocouple. The zida ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana wagawo ndi pansipa.

Zotayidwa-Chromel thermocouple

Izi thermocouples chithunzithunzi ntchito nthawi zambiri kubala zosiyanasiyana masensa ndi probes kuti athe kutentha ulamuliro mafakitale.

Mbali awo ndi osiyana ndi mtengo wotsika ndi osiyanasiyana yaikulu kutentha anayeza. Kulola kuti kukonza kutentha kwa kuchokera -200 13 000 madigiri Celsius.

Ndi zosayenera kuti ntchito thermocouple kwa kasakaniza wazitsulo ofanana mu masitolo ndi zinthu mkulu sulfure mu mlengalenga, chifukwa mchitidwe mankhwala limakhudza anthu onse chromium ndi zotayidwa, kuchititsa chisokonezo kugwira ntchito chipangizo.

Chromel-Copel thermocouple

Mfundo zimene thermocouple, ndi kukhudzana gulu limene linapangidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo awa ali yemweyo. Koma zipangizozi ntchito makamaka mu chilengedwe madzi kapena gaseous ndi ndale, katundu sanali zikuwononga. Chapamwamba kutentha chizindikiro alibe upambana 8000 digiri Celsius.

Zona thermocouple chotero, chomwe ntchito mfundo ya ntchito amalola kuti akhazikitse mlingo wa magetsi a pamwamba aliyense, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kupeza kutentha kwa lotseguka moto ng'anjo kapena nyumba zofanana.

Iron-constantan thermocouple

kuphatikiza kulankhula mu thermocouple ndi sikawirikawiri monga woyamba wa mtundu pansi kulingalira. Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya thermocouples ali yemweyo, koma kuphatikiza anachita bwino mu mlengalenga rarefied. Mlingo miyeso pazipita kutentha sayenera upambana madigiri 12.500 Celsius.

Komabe, ngati kutentha anayamba kukwera pamwamba madigiri 7000, pali chiopsezo kuphwanya molondola muyeso chifukwa kusintha mu thupi katundu ndi mankhwala a chitsulo. Pali ngakhale milandu dzimbiri mwa chitsulo kulankhula thermocouple pamaso pa yozungulira nthunzi.

Platinum-pulatinamu thermocouples

Zodula kwambiri kupanga thermocouples. Mfundo ntchito ali yemweyo, koma ndi osiyana ndi anzawo khola kwambiri ndi odalirika kuwerenga kutentha. Iwo ali yafupika tilinazo.

Ntchito zikuluzikulu za zipangizozi - kuyeza kutentha.

Tungsten-rhenium thermocouple

Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyeza kutentha kwambiri. Malire pazipita sipangakhalenso zokhoma mwa dera ukufika 25 zikwi madigiri Celsius.

ntchito zawo amafuna kugwilizana ndi zinthu zina. Choncho, pa kutentha muyeso n'kofunika wokonzeka kuthana m'mlengalenga ozungulira, amene ali kungasokoneze zikhomo mu ndondomeko makutidwe ndi okosijeni.

Pakuti ichi tungsten-rhenium thermocouple nthawi anaikidwa housings wodzazidwa ndi mpweya inert kuteteza zinthu zawo.

Pamwamba aliyense thermocouple alipo anali anafufuza, zida ndi, mfundo ya izo malingana kasakaniza wazitsulo ntchito. Tsopano tione zina mwa zinthu kapangidwe.

yomanga thermocouples

Pali mitundu iwiri chachikulu cha ziwembu thermocouples.

• Ndi ntchito ya zokutira zitsulo wosanjikiza. Izi amapereka thermocouple opaleshoni chipangizo kudzipatula wosanjikiza ndi magetsi. Chotero ndale chizathandiza ntchito thermocouple mu ndondomeko popanda kudzipatula pakhomo pansi.

• Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zitsulo wosanjikiza. thermocouples akhoza chokhudzana yekha madera kuyeza, zolowetsa amene ali asanaonane ndi nthaka. Ngati vuto limeneli si anakumana chipangizo pali awiri palokha chatsekedwa dera, umene kuwerenga analandira ntchito thermocouple sadzakhala zolondola.

Akuthamanga thermocouple ndi tanthauzo lake

Pali mitundu osiyana pogwiritsa, amatchedwa "oyendayenda". Mfundo ntchito ya thermocouple woyendayenda tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

Mapulani zimagwiritsa ntchito kwa kudziwa kutentha kwa billet zitsulo pa processing ake kukubwezani, mphero ndi zina Machining amenewa.

Tikumbukenso kuti mu nkhani iyi zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito thermocouple ochiritsira Komabe, ngati kupanga ndondomeko amafuna mkulu mwatsatanetsatane kutentha kulamulira, thermocouple akuthamanga n'kofunika kwambiri.

Pamene ntchito njira imeneyi workpiece zo a zanyengo kukhudzana wasindikizidwa. Ndiye, mu processing wa billet ndi, kulankhula izi mosalekeza poyera kuti chida ntchito kapena zina makina chida, umene Mphambano (ndilo mbali yaikulu pa makhalidwe kuchotsa kutentha) monga "amathamanga" a ojambula.

Amenewa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani zitsulo.

mbali zopangapanga machenjerero thermocouples

Mu kupanga ntchito kukwera thermocouple dera unapangidwa anzanu awiri zitsulo amadziwika kuti anapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mphambano amatchedwa "mphambano".

Tikumbukenso kuti kupanga pawiri optionally kudzera spikes. Mwachidule kupotokola pamodzi anzanu awiri. Koma zimenezi njira kupanga sadzakhala ndi mlingo wokwanira wa wodalirika ndipo angathandize kulakwitsa pamene kuchotsa makhalidwe kutentha.

Ngati mukufuna mkulu kutentha muyeso, soldering zitsulo m'malo ndi kuwotcherera awo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu Nthawi zambiri, solder ntchito pa kugwirizana, ali limatsogolera mfundo otsika ndipo anawononga pamene mlingo wake ndi kuposa.

Chiwembu, kupanga zomwe kuwotcherera wakhala ntchito, angathe kupirira lonse kutentha osiyanasiyana. Koma njira imeneyi mogwirizana ali ndi zovuta zake. Kapangidwe mkati mwa chitsulo pa kukhudzana ndi kutentha pa kuwotcherera angasinthe, umene bwanji khalidwe la deta.

Komanso, ayenera kuwunika ntchito udindo wa kulankhula ndi thermocouple mu njira ya opaleshoni ake. Choncho, n'zotheka kusintha makhalidwe a zitsulo dera chifukwa makhalidwe aukali zachilengedwe. Makutidwe ndi okosijeni angayambe kapena interdiffusion zipangizo. Zikatere m'pofunika m'malo ntchito ya dera la thermocouple.

Zosiyanasiyana mphambano thermocouples

makampani Modern umabala ziwembu zingapo, amene ntchito mu kupanga thermocouples:

• lotseguka mphambano;

• Amalimata mphambano;

• ndi kukupatsani zolumikizanazo.

Mbali thermocouples wa Mphambano lotseguka osauka kukana zinthu kunja.

Zotsatirazi mitundu iwiri ya nyumba angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kutentha mapangidwe ankhanza, zingathe kusokoneza kwambiri pa awiri kukhudzana.

Ndiponso, panopa makampani kusiyana madera pa umisiri michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi thermocouples kupanga.

zolakwa kayesedwe

Zoona makhalidwe kutentha akamagwira thermocouple ndi zimadalira nkhani za gulu kukhudzana, komanso zinthu zina. Dama zoipazi, ndi cheza uchitika zifukwa zina zomwe zingakhudze thupi katundu ndi mankhwala zitsulo amene amapanga ojambula.

Zoona muyeso tichipeza zigawo izi:

• zolakwa mwachisawawa chifukwa cha mbali thermocouple kupanga;

• kusokera chifukwa cha kutentha kuphwanya "ozizira" kulankhula;

• zolakwa, chifukwa cha amene anali ngati phokoso kunja;

• ulamuliro zolakwa zida.

Ubwino wa ntchito thermocouples

Ubwino wa ntchito makina onga kulamulira kutentha, kaya ntchito, ndi:

• chachikulu zizindikiro kusiyana kuti akhoza analemba thermocouple ndi;

• kukwera thermocouple, amene ali unkagwira ntchito mwachindunji kuchotsa kuwerenga akhoza pabwino mu mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi mfundo chingwe;

• yosavuta ndondomeko ya thermocouples kupanga, mphamvu zawo ndi durability ntchito.

Kuipa muyeso kutentha ntchito thermocouple

The kuipa kutsatira thermocouples monga:

• Kufunika mosalekeza kuwunika kutentha kwa "ozizira" thermocouple kukhudzana. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kamangidwe ka kuyeza zida, zomwe ndi zochokera thermocouple lapansi. Mfundo ntchito chiwembu cha itsekeke pang'ono ukulu. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yozungulira kutentha ndi m'munsimu kutentha pa mfundo chingwe.

• Kuphwanya dongosolo mkati zitsulo ntchito kupanga thermocouple lapansi. mfundo ndi yakuti chifukwa malo kunja ojambula kutaya pachilichonse zawo, zomwe zimabweretsa zolakwa kuwerenga kutentha umatulutsa.

• Pa muyeso wa gulu thermocouple kukhudzana nthawi poyera zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe, zomwe zimabweretsa chisokonezo ntchito. Ichinso amafuna komaliza ojambula, amene amachititsa zina ndalama masensa ngati yokonza.

• Pali ngozi yopeza mafunde mu atomu ndi thermocouple amene yomanga imapereka yaitali kukhudzana gulu. Komanso zingakhudze zotsatira za miyezo.

• Nthawi zina, kuphwanya kumachitika ubale liniya pakati magetsi akuwuka mu thermocouple ndi kutentha pa malo kayesedwe. Zimenezi zimafunika zida calibration kulamulira.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale zolakwa zake, njira muyeso wa kutentha ndi thermocouples, adayamba anatulukira ndipo anayesedwa m'ma 19, anapeza tanthauzo lake lonse mu nthambi zonse za mafakitale zamakono.

Komanso pali ntchito kumene ntchito thermocouples ndi njira yokhayo yodalirika deta kutentha. Ndipo kuwerenga nkhaniyi, inu mokwanira kumvetsa mfundo ya ntchito yawo.