The payipi mpweya "Blue Stream": chidwi mfundo

"Blue Stream" - ndi yaikulu kudutsa Black Sea mafuta payipi, amene mafuta umaperekedwa ku Russia kuti Turkey. Linamangidwa ndi nthambi Dutch wa OOO "Gazprom" BV ndi Chitaliyana "Eni" ndipo anakhala ntchito mu 2005. Part wa payipi pa gawo Turkey olamulidwa ndi m'dera kampani mphamvu BOTAS. Pansi pa ulamuliro wa la Russia. Cholinga chachikulu cha "Blue Stream" - kusiyanitsa yobereka mpweya Russian kuti Turkey, anyalanyaza mayiko lachitatu.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Kukonzekera ntchito ya payipi ya mpweya inayamba mu 1997. Mu December, Russia ndi Turkey anasaina mgwilizano intergovernmental pa ntchito yomanga njira ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pa nthawi yomweyo, "Gazprom" walola ndi kampani BOTAS pafupi twente-faifi pangano mwa kundipatsako kwa mafuta. Mu February 1999, memorandum ndi yosainidwa pakati pa Russian ndi Chitaliyana mbali, komanso nthambi Dutch unakhazikitsidwa.

Pomanga "Blue Stream" zinachitikadi mu 2001-2002. gawo zikawonongeka inamangidwa ndi kampani Italy Saipem, ndi Russian dziko - "Stroytransgaz". "Blue Stream" anayamba ntchito mu February 2003. Komabe, chifukwa mkangano Russia ndi Turkey pa mtengo wa mafuta pa boma mwambo yoyamba ya mafuta metering Darusu zapita yekha September 17, 2005. Iwo anali nawo Pulezidenti Russian Vladimir Putin, atumiki yaikulu ya dziko la Turkey ndi Italy.

Luso makhalidwe a payipi ya mpweya

"Blue Stream" inayambanso pa mphamvu zonse mu 2010. Ake matulukidwe mphamvu ndi biliyoni 16 kiyubiki mamita. La utali wonse wa "Blue Stream" - makilomita 1213. Mbali Russian akuyamba Izobilnoye mpweya chomera pafupi Stavropol ndipo itha dera Krasnodar. Mbali yaikulu nkhani Turkey - 444 Km. The mipope zobwezedwa ntchito ndi awiri osiyana: gawo dziko - 1400 millimeters, phiri - 12000, mbira - 610. The kuthamanga ukufika 25 MPa. "Blue Stream" payipi imatengedwa kuya mu dziko. Amayendera makilomita 2.2 pansi pa nthaka.

Mu 2014, Turkey ndi Russia anafika mgwirizano pa kuukitsa mphamvu kiyubiki mamita 3 biliyoni. Komanso, Baibulo la mitengo mafuta zinachitikadi.

Ndalama ndi vuto loyamba

"Blue Stream" - ndi ntchito wofuna kwambiri. chitukuko lake lenileni inayamba mu 1987, pamene Turkey anayamba kuitanitsa mafuta ku USSR. Poyamba, kuchuluka anali kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 0.5, lero wakula mu nthawi 34. nyumba ino - ichi ndi ntchito wofuna kwambiri. Mavuto anayamba mu gawo loyamba, choncho anayamba ndi kuchedwa kwa zaka zitatu. The mtengo okwana yomanga payipi anakwana madola US biliyoni 3.2. Iye analipira chifukwa ichitikire pambali Turkey ndi Russian. Kapangidwe ka gawo zikawonongeka la US $ 1.7 biliyoni akhala ntchito.

Chikadzangotha kukhazikitsidwa kwa payipi ya mpweya, mbali Turkey ananena kuti simuli okonzeka kutenga zedi ngati mafuta. Pofuna kupewa kulephera kwa ntchitoyo, ku Russia anachepetsa mtengo ndipo anaganiza kudula katundu. Koma kutsutsana izi sinathe kumeneko. Mu 2004, Vladimir Putin anali kulowerera ngakhale kuchepetsa mtengo mlingo wa makontena a njira Chibugariya.

The payipi "Blue Stream 2"

polojekiti ndi msewu watsopano anali woyamba akufuna mu 2002. Pulezidenti Russian Vladimir Putin ndi Nduna Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan takambirana pomanga mzere wachiwiri ndi kutambasuka kwa payipi alipo ntchito kugwirizana Samsun-Keyhen ndi nthambi mu Europe South-East. Development wa polojekiti walimbikitsa pambuyo chigamulo cha mayiko asanu kuyamba pomanga "Nabucco". Komabe, posapita nthawi linakhala nkhani ya kuwonjezera ntchito pansi pa dzina "South Stream". The payipi latsopano kulumikiza mwachindunji Bulgaria ndi Russia. Koma tsopano zii chifukwa cha akuchuluka ubale ndi Ukraine.

Mu 2009, Vladimir Putin, nduna yaikulu akufuna msewu omwe amayendetsa kufanana kwa "Blue Stream" pansi pa Nyanja Black, ndipo anapitiriza ulendo wake ku Samsun kuti Keyhen. Kuchokera kumeneko kunyamula gasi kwa Syria, Libya, Israel ndi ku Cyprus. Pakali pano, ntchito ichi ndi nkhani zokhudzana losatha, aliyense ndi udindo zikusintha panobe.

Kuteteza chilengedwe

Pomanga "Blue Stream" wakhala kugwirizana ndi zikuluzikulu zionetsero envayrontamentalistov. Koma iwo analibe kukhudzanso ndondomeko, monga nduna zingakhudzire chilengedwe ziyenera anasonyeza pang'ono kuwononga moyo wake. Yomanga Anapitiriza, zomangidwazo Launch wasonyeza kuti panalibe zifukwa kwambiri nkhawa. Koma Ziwerengero zonsezi maganizo, chifukwa magulu onse ndi chidwi kwambiri mu kugwira ntchito yake. Komanso, mayeso onse anachita makamaka Russia, umene "Blue Stream" n'kofunika njira, makamaka pambuyo pa exacerbation ubale wake ndi Ukraine ndi mazira "Kumwera mtsinje". Ngakhale kuti nkhani ya kuyan'anila zoonekeratu mbali American sibwenzi analephera kanthu.

zikuchitika

The payipi mpweya "Blue Stream" - ntchito yomwe ayenera kukhala maziko a kugwirizana njira pakati Russia ndi Turkey mu mphamvu ndi zoyendera zamanja. Alipo polumikizira mzere kudutsa Ukraine, Moldova, Romania ndi Bulgaria. Pamtunda mafuta mayendedwe kuvumbitsira zodula, pakhala madandaulo ambiri onena za kuba limati wake, m'dera limene iye anathamanga.

Koma kuyambira pa chiyambi cha ntchito kwa "Blue Stream" ntchito ndi mavuto, kuphatikizapo mu Russia. Monga momwe mayesero imene Malawi Komiti, kampani Italy anapezerapo mwayi nepolagayuschimisya ubwino wake. Izi, kumene, kwachititsa kuwononga ndalama boma. Akatswiri amanena kuti m'chaka cha 2003 chokha anakwana US $ 1 biliyoni.

Mavuto ndi akuyembekezera

Russian mfundo yoyamba ikukhudza yomanga payipi mpweya pansi pa Nyanja Black. Chimodzi mwa zolinga ndondomeko anapereka dera "Blue Stream", panali kufunika kugonjetsa mpikisano yonyamula mafuta ku Ulaya. Dziko limene ankhondo - ndi Turkey. "Blue Stream" lolunjika pa m'gawo lake, komanso ntchito yotsatira. Kale mu November 1999, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Azerbaijan ndi Georgia anasaina mgwilizano intergovernmental pa Trans-Caspian njira. Patapita miyezi ingapo ntchitoyi kwa gulu la makampani kutsogolera Genaral Zamagetsi ndi Royal Dutch Nkhono. Koma mikangano adanyamuka, kotero pomanga anali inaimitsidwa pakati pa zipani.

Pakali pano, ngakhale kutsutsa ku United States, "Blue Stream" inali yofunika njira, ndi ku Ulaya kudalira mpweya Russian ndi patsogolo.