The ndalama kusintha Witte - chinsinsi cha kupambana kwa Russian ufumu pa dziko lonse

Mosakayikira, S. Yu. Vitte anali mmodzi wa atumiki bwino kwambiri zachuma mu mbiri ya Russian Ufumu. A kusintha ndalama Witte chinathandiza chitukuko cha malonda komanso kupanga mwa mgwirizano wa banki ndi likulu mafakitale ndi kuwonongedwa kufufuma. Komabe, kutchuka kwambiri anabweretsa wokonzanso a zaluso lake loyamba kugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa okhawo pa kugulitsa mowa mu 1894. Chiyambireni cha 1894 mpaka 1902, kukonzanso uku Witte kuchuluka bajeti ndi nthawi 16 ndalama.

Pamene boma la Russia kuonetsetsa kuti msonkho zinachitika sasintha chithandizo tagwirizana ndi kuchepekedwa bajeti, komanso zimathandiza kuchepetsa kumwa, anaganiza kuchita ntchito yachiwiri kusintha, imene misonkho mozungulira pa palafini, fodya, shuga, ndi machesi anali kuchuluka kwa 1, 5 nthawi. kusintha Witte sanali okha "kumwa" kusintha, komanso kukhazikitsa nyumba msonkho, msonkho malonda pa phindu amakampani, komanso kuwonjezeka m'chigawo cha madipoziti banki. Koma kupambana lofunika kwambiri la nduna za Finance Witte akuti ka Russia akuti ndi kusintha kwa pepala-inflationary ndalama aziyenda pa muyeso wa golide.

Kusintha ndalama Witte ankaganiza olimba a dongosolo la ndalama la dziko kupyolera kukhazikitsidwa kwa golide ruble ofanana. Kufunika ngati zinthu zoopsa chifukwa chakuti nthawi kuti panali chiopsezo kugwa kwa ndalama Russian, chifukwa boma kusinthitsa ndalama kwa Franc French ankaonedwa 1 mpaka 4, ndi kuchita ndi zosaposa 1 mpaka 2.5. Kusintha ndalama Witte anatembenuka mwamphamvu ruble ndalama, amene anathandiza kuti kusintha kwa nyengo ndalama mu dziko. Motero, m'zaka za m'ma 20, panali n'kale lonse kukula mafakitale ndi chuma m'magulu onse a chuma ku Russia.

Inflow wa ndalama zakunja mpaka chiyambi cha nkhondo chinawonjezeka chaka ndi 150 mln. Rubles, pamene chisanadze kusintha, iye anali 100 okha mln. Pakani. chifukwa kusakhazikika a dongosolo ndalama za dziko. Kusintha ndalama Witte ankaganiza kuti ruble lili magalamu 7,66656 zagolide ndi banki zolemba wangwiro umene anali kupezeka m'dera la boma Russian, momasuka umasinthanitsidwa ndi chitsulo chabwinocho pa mlingo ananena.

Madzulo a World nkhondo yoyamba ruble golide anakhala mmodzi wa ndalama yodalirika mu dziko ndipo momasuka tradable ku Ulaya. Zimenezi zinathandiza Russia osati kulowa msika ena ndi kukopa likulu latsopano, komanso kulimbitsa ubale ndale ndi maiko otchuka nthawi. Ndipo ngakhale kuti poyamba kusintha kwa lamulo ankaonera ndithu zoipa, chifukwa iwo ali womangidwa manja speculators kenako Witte chinathandiza chitukuko cha boma wakhala waife mbiri yakale komanso chuma. Today imeneyi Russian amaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mu maphunziro ambiri, olemba zoweta ndi achilendo, ndi kusintha Witte amaona chitsanzo cha zimene zaluso zothandiza akhoza ndipo chiyenera kuchitidwa popanda imfa kwa anthu.