The kope yoyamba padziko lonse: zithunzi

Kujambula zipangizo zatsopano-fangled nthawi zonse ali ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi. Wina anabwera, ndipo kenako anamanga zinachitika, ndiye inawombana ndi zolephera choyamba. Nthawi zina, mwangozi, kutuluka, ndipo m'njira yodabwitsa anthu zikuoneka latsopano zamakono zodabwitsa.

The kope yoyamba padziko lonse anatenga kwambiri kukhala kuti, limene lili pa desktops ambiri a ife. Ndi mbiri ya mapangidwe chipangizo amadziwa zambiri.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Tsopano nkomwe aliyense amadziwa zimene laputopu ndi chimene izo ziri. Ndi kuti mtundu uliwonse mu Africa sadzatha kuthana ndi chozizwitsa cha luso. Anthu ambiri masiku ano akudziwa kuti uyu ndi kompyuta munthu, umene uli wotchuka kwambiri makamaka kwa omasuka ake zoyendera. Mkati pali onse zosakaniza chikhalidwe amene chibadidwe PC wanu.

Patsogolo pathu - anasonyeza chimodzimodzi, kiyibodi, mbewa analogue, nthawi zina zochepa mbewa. Ndi zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mbale, abulusa kung'anima, ndi zambiri. Mkati dongosolo ilo kuthamanga purosesa, amene pang'ono kusinthidwa, pamene kukula salola kukhazikitsa tchipisi lalikulu. Amaona zithunzi yosiyaniranapo khadi. RAM kukumbukira chitsanzo anamanga ku mavabodi ndi litayamba molimba ali ndi mtundu zosiyanasiyana losiyana kukula chipangizo.

The kope yoyamba padziko lonse Mbali zofanana, pa dzanja limodzi, koma anali kanthu monga zipangizo zamakono.

lingaliro

Munthu angathe akamafotokoza zimene chipangizo anali woyamba. Koma malingaliro onse kutitsogolera Alan Curtis Kay. Wasayansi American wachita kale kuphunzira makompyuta. Kuyambira 1970, akatswiri ayamba kugwira ntchito mu Xerox. Nthawi yomweyo anakhala mmodzi wa zinachitika maukonde workstations kutukula. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zimenezi kuti zinaonedwa, ndipo pambuyo pake ntchito ndi akatswiri ku Apple Computer.

Umu ndi mmene wasayansi pafupi polenga laputopu choyamba. Kay akufuna mfundo za Dynabook. Izi njira ndi kale muli ndi chipangizo omwe ndi ofanana kwambiri laputopu a. Koma njirayi udaikidwa kuphunzira m'manja ophatikizapo bwinobwino devaysa mwayi zilipo.

Ambiri akuti Alan Kay anaonekera mu 1968. Iye akufuna chilengedwe cha mafoni munthu chipangizo kuti simulates ndi kope. Koma nkhope yake ndi ntchito sanali cede makina wathunthu.

kuyesa weniweni

Mu 1976 ndi laputopu oyamba ku dziko, NoteTaker ndi linatulutsidwa. Pamwamba ntchito Alan Ofunika, Larry Tesler, Adele Goldberg, Douglas Fairbairn. zinachitika anaonetsa kuti onse, koma kupanga si anamasulidwa. About khumi zitsanzo anasonkhana pofuna ntchito zina pa zomwe chipangizo ichi.

Komabe, ngakhale ndiye NoteTaker ali monochrome nsalu yotchinga, pepala chivundikiro, kiyibodi, galimoto litayamba ndi mbewa. RAM anali kilobytes 128 okha, ndi Chip wotchi pafupipafupi si upambana 1 MHz. The opaleshoni dongosolo wakhala Baibulo anayamba wa Smalltalk m'mbuyomu.

Ngakhale lingaliro mwakuwoneka cilamulo, ndi laputopu woyamba sanali kwambiri ndi mafoni mu dziko. kulemera kwake kunali makilogalamu 22. Ngakhale chipangizo umagwira autonomously ndi anagwiritsanso ntchito ndodo pa ndege, ngakhale kuti iye anali kutali ndi chitsanzo ano. Kodi Kay Sichinatsitsidwe anagwira mphindi ndi kumasulira malingaliro awo mu kupanga izo momvetsa chisoni kwa iye, chifukwa iye akhoza kupeza ndalama zambiri.

kuyesa bwino

Mosataya nthawi, anachita Bill Mogridzh. Iye anayamba kugwira ntchito ndi chipangizo pa pempho NASA. Series kupanga inayamba mu 1982. Koma iye sanagwiritse ntchito anthu, chifukwa kuti magetsi ndi kwina chitsanzo ichi.

Izi ndi kope oyamba zasautsa makilogalamu 3, poyerekeza ndi 22 ndi yojambula yaikulu. Makulidwe anali 5 masentimita. Komanso, panali batire zochotseka, wowala anasonyeza monochrome ndi anamanga-modemu.

CPU ku Intel mu 8086 kampani chatheka ndi pafupipafupi 8 MHz, amene anali kale yojambula. RAM - 256 KB. Panali RS-232 siriyo doko. The modemu ukugwira imathamanga Akamva 1200 pa mphindi. Uyamiko kwa Iye, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti sitolo mapulogalamu ndi deta ku kampani kwaulere.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu 1979, pamene laputopu wakhala akupangidwa iye akanakhoza ntchito MS-DOS, chifukwa ndi nthawi kuti si koma akhazikitsidwa. Koma laputopu nawo iwo pambuyo 1988, pamene ntchito mkati latsopano Intel 80386 purosesa.

chipangizo wakhala Mipikisano zinchito ndi ntchito ndi ntchito zingapo. Choncho, mkati akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono kampani, mwa amene anali zinachitika ya ulamuliro gulu ano, bwana kusindikiza lemba mkonzi, spreadsheet, kasamalidwe file ndi zambiri.

Wopambana sanali kokha mkati mwa makina, koma chigoba chake. The mankhwala enaake a casing, anakhala katundu zazikulu, motero, nthawi yomweyo chidwi a asilikali ndi NASA. Motero, galimoto uyu anapita mu makope m'madipatimenti ameneŵa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, gululi COMPASS ntchito ngati co-ordinator ndipo bwana nkhondowo mayunitsi, komanso kuposa kamodzi ku malo.

kwa anthu

kope woyamba Photos dziko kuti atipangize Woyesana wina kwa mutu woyamba. Anakhala Osborne 1. Ngakhale kuti anali kudziŵika pambuyo onse tanenera poyamba, ndi laputopu woyamba, umene unali akaikwera. chitsanzo ichi anapita ku misa mu 1981. Kumbuyo kwake panayima kampani American Osborne Computer Corporation.

Mbali chitsanzo ichi kuti mbali imodzi ya chipangizo anali ndi chogwirira onyamula ndi zina ili kiyibodi, umene umachitika pa pepala chivundikirocho. Mkati anali monochrome chophimba ndi kuwonetsera asanu inchi. Komanso, kapangidwe ndi okonzeka ndi abulusa awiri litayamba, ndi luso kulumikiza ndi polojekiti kapena modemu.

The opaleshoni dongosolo wakhala CP / M. Mkati panali mawu purosesa, spreadsheet, ndi omasulira ambiri a zinenero. The drawback zazikulu pogwiritsa anali ake kulemera - makilogalamu 11, laputopu woyamba anali pamtengo ndalama 1795. Choncho, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ku misa, si onse amene angakwanitse chozizwitsa cha luso.

Mkati anali Z80 purosesa ndi pafupipafupi 4 MHz. RAM anali 64 okha KB. Tsoka la kampaniyo kunapezeka zoopsa. Chifukwa cha nambala yaikulu mpikisano, amene mofulumira kupanga chipangizo bwino, Mlengi anaganiza dziko lapansi ndikuliuza za chiyambi cha malonda a chitsanzo lotsatira patsogolo chipangizo anapitiriza zogulitsa. kusuntha amenewa zinalephereka, anagunda malonda Osborne 1, kenako onse kampani zinatha.

Soviet zina

N'zochititsa chidwi chithunzi cha kope yoyamba padziko lonse ndi kutitsogolera ku zinachitika m'banja. Iye natchedwa "Electronics" ndipo linatulutsidwa mu 1991. Kunja, iye ankawoneka ngati kale ankalimbikitsa pamene Malaputopu zopangidwa. N'zochititsa chidwi specifications izo zinali mwanjira kuposa Mabaibulo oyamba American. Mwachitsanzo, kukumbukira zinali 640 KB.

Vuto ndi chitsanzo ichi ndi mtengo wake kuposa malipiro ambiri dziko, koma, ngakhale wosuta ali ndi mwayi kugula makina amenewa, iye sakanakhoza kuchita izo chifukwa cha inaccessibility ake. Choncho, makhalidwe luso pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika, ndi zokhudza zinachitika likugwiritsidwa yekha pa pepala, kuyambira laputopu anali konse anamasulidwa ku misa.