The boma odana ndi demokalase: lingaliro ndi mitundu

Kodi odana ndi demokalase ndale? Pa maziko izo bwanji? Tchulani amachita? Kodi zikamera wa ankhanza odana ndi demokalase? Nawu mndandanda tsankho nkhani zimene ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi amatchedwa ndale?

Zimene kukonza dongosolo ubale, omwe amasonyeza ubale wa anthu ndi mphamvu. Zofunika kwambiri pa mfundo imeneyi ndi mlingo wa ufulu wa ndale ndi wa moyo mu boma. M'mbali zambiri izi chifukwa kudzapereka chikhalidwe, miyambo, mbali mbiri ya chitukuko dzikolo. Zonsezi zinachititsa chakuti aliyense boma monyadira wapadera ndale.

Koma ngakhale ziwalo, kupeza kufanana - malonda yosavuta. Choncho, ntchito mfundo ziwiri generic mu mabuku ambiri a sayansi: odana ndi demokalase boma ndi demokalase. Iwo tidzakambirana mu kufanana kuti ndi choyerekezera timapangira lingaliro la chimene ali. Monga mbali luso zofunika kudziŵitsa owerenga kuti boma odana ndi demokalase zina ogaŵikana ndi authoritarian ndi wankhanza.

umboni

Kodi amakhala ndi zipani? Pakuti zina, mukhoza kulankhula za amene tsopano ali mu mphamvu? Zizindikiro za odana ndi demokalase boma zotsatirazi:

1. Chogwidwa ndi kusayeruzika ndi mantha.
2. Chosowa zipani zandale.
3. Palibe kwa chipani cholamulira.

Ndipo imalimbikitsa demokalase ulamuliro monga antipode ake:

1. The lamulo.
2. Pali Kulekana kwa mphamvu za (wamkulu, malamulo ndi zachiweruzo).
3. Pali chenicheni, osati declarative zandale ndiponso ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa nzika zonse.
4. Akuluakulu onse amasankhidwa.
5. Palinso yogwira kuthandiza anthu otsutsa ndi zipani.

tiyeninso kulabadira mfundo ofunika. Pamene ndi ulamuliro authoritarian , mphamvu za ndale ndi anaikira mu manja a gulu la anthu kapena munthu makamaka. Koma kupitirira dera ndale amakhalabe ndi ufulu. Mu ulamuliro wankhanza akadali mwamphamvu olamulidwa ndi akuluakulu. Izi limodzi ndi ambiri matupi supervisory. Pamene ankhanza demokalase ankaona kuti ndiwo mphamvu anthu. Mogwirizana ndi mfundo za ufulu ndi ofanana. Choncho zimene zimaonetsa amachita ulamuliro odana ndi demokalase?

authoritarianism

Pankhaniyi, pamene tikukamba za odana ndi demokalase boma boma, zikutanthauza ulidi, mafumu, neototalitarizm, ulamuliro asilikali, kapena mphamvu yakeyake. Authoritarianism zambiri amapita pamodzi ndi olamulira ankhanza a. Weniweniwo ndale otsutsa kwina, koma m'madera ena (chilengedwe, mankhwala ndi zina zotero) lili ndi kudziyimira pawokha wa munthu. Mukhoza kusankha ziwalo:

1. Mphamvu zopanda malire ndipo ankakwiya kwambiri chikhalidwe cha nzika lofotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe a nkhanza, mafumu, ndi junta nkhondo, ndi zina zotero.
2. Wozikidwa pa nkhondo. Koma si zoona kuti boma authoritarian ligwiritse ntchito misa kupondereza. Angathe kukhala otchuka pakati pa anthu ambiri. Koma ngati kuli kofunika kutero, kanthu mokakamiza nzika kugonja angathe kumwedwa.
3. The okhawo a dera ndale ndi mphamvu.
4. Kubwezeretsa cadres ŵa ikuchitika kudzera co-optation, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya mpikisano. Komanso chifukwa cha ichi, pali vuto ndi kupitiriza ndi kulanda mphamvu.
5. Palibe ulamuliro okwana pa anthu. Izi limodzi ndi digiri ena omwe sanali kulowelera mu dera la ndale.

authoritarianism Kodi

Iwo agawidwa madera osiyana a gulu lonse ndi makhalidwe yake. Kodi kukhala sankalimbana nafe authoritarian, odzisunga, owolowa manja, populist ndi ankhanza mtundu-kukonda dziko. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe yake.

Mfundo zitatu zoyambirira chionekera chifukwa kusinthasintha stiffness wa kuonetsa mphamvu. Populist authoritarianism zachokera kulemera. National-kukonda dziko lako mode amagwiritsa chimagwirizanitsa onse (kapena zambiri) ya lingaliro la kumanga opondereza kapena demokalase. Ie authoritarianism ali ndi udindo wapakatikati.

Ulamuliro

Mbali ya mode ichi - kupezeka kwa ulamuliro pa mbali zonse za dziko mwa akuluakulu. Komanso m'manja (mtsogoleri kapena gulu). Komanso khalidwe ndi pamaso pa mfundo imodzi, yomwe ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa nzika zonse. Limagwiritsa ntchito yowunikira wamphamvu ndi makina supervisory kuonetsetsa kuti palibe dissent. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito apolisi kupondereza ndi mwamantha. Cholinga cha opondereza poyerekezera ndi nzika ndi kupanga umunthu chabe, amene sachedwa kugonja. Kuyang'aniridwa ndi malamulo lamulo akulowa ntchito zonse za nzika. Tchulani amachita zimenezi boma boma odana ndi demokalase?

Zizindikiro za Ulamuliro

Iwo akhoza mwachidule mfundo zinayi:

1. Pali gulu misa. Monga ulamuliro, izo walunjika ndi mtsogoleri wina wachikoka. Komanso pali pophatikizana kuphatikiza a nyumba boma ndi gulu ubwino mbali ya kufunika ndi lotsiriza.
2. Centralization ndi monopolization mphamvu amafuna kuti chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhala okhulupirika kwa chipani mu boma. Chuma, chipembedzo, zokongoletsa ndi ena mfundo ndi sekondale. Ndipo chifukwa cha malire pakati pa mitundu ya moyo uno kusoŵa dziko lonse imatengedwa ngati msasa limodzi.
3. Kukhala mmodzi wa malingaliro boma. Anadzetsa zikomo kuzunza ndi yaikulu akulimbana amalowerera ngati njira yokhayo yodalirika maganizo. Nkhani ina mfundo izi kuti amatsimikiza mfundo nawo (mtundu, mtundu, chikhalidwe, kalasi kapena banja). Pali tsankho kwa dissent iliyonse.
4. Kukhala ndi dongosolo mantha maganizo ndi thupi. Anamanga boma apolisi, lomwe lili ndi mfundo ya "chokhacho chimene amaloledwa, zomwe anauzidwa kuti akuluakulu."

Awa ndi mbali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya m'maulamuliro odana ndi demokalase. Koma tsopano kupeza chinthu changwiro sizotheka, onetsetsani pali zinthu za nyumba zina zandale. Choncho, kumvetsa kusiyana pakati zokomela undemocratic boma, taganizirani mbali yoyamba. Ndithudi, izi zachitika pa zilizonse za boma.

Democracy ndi zizindikiro zake

Kuchokera Greek mawu otanthauza "demokalase". Anthu a limati ndi machitidwe amenewa amaonedwa ndiwo chilungamo.

Democracy ali mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Chisankho. Nzika osankhidwa akuluakulu onse pa maziko ofanana.
2. Kulekana kwa mphamvu. Pali malamulo, yemwe ndi zachiweruzo nthambi amene ali paokha.
3. anthu wamba. Anthu kumakhudza akuluakulu, chifukwa zopezera lalikulu la mabungwe mongodzipereka ammudzi.
4. Kulingana. Onse ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndale.
5. Zipani. maganizo anthu ena mfundo ambalemekezedwa. Womkanikizawo palibe kufufuza ndipo pali chilungamo wathunthu.
6. Wololera. Ubale umene ukunenedwa kupeza njira yothetsera matanthauzo opindulitsa. Mikangano akatha mwalamulo.

Pamene anthu kulankhula za zipani: demokalase ndi odana ndi demokalase - pangakhale mavuto ndi kumvetsa zimene timaphunzira chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zina ndi maganizo. Chabwino amathandiza kulimbana ndi yaitali kukhala mu gawo la dziko ina.

The boma odana ndi demokalase: heterogeneity ndi mbali

Tanena kale kuti ankhanza ndi mosiyana mu chibadwa. Za odana ndi demokalase ndale analankhula mu masiku a masiku amakedzana: chofala anali despotism ndi wankhanza. Mbali yoyamba zikutanthauza umasinthasintha ndi malire mphamvu, ozikidwa pa mwankhanza. Nkhanza zachokera chimodzi-munthu ulamuliro, pamene mphamvu analanda ndi zomwe zagwiridwa njira mwankhanza kukhazikitsa. Mbali yapadera ya mtundu wa kusamutsidwa ndi boma lovomerezeka mwa kulanda boma d'etat mwa nkhanza.

Komanso monga mbali ya kukhazikitsa othandiza chidwi ndi ankhanza asilikali. Iwo zochokera chakuti maulamuliro ndi mitu lenileni la zachitetezo (monga njira ina - ndi mabungwe a chitetezo). Iyo imakhala izo kuyamika kulanda boma, pamene zimene akuuzidwa ku boma la wamba yovomerezeka.

ankhanza Antidemocratic cha madera a mtundu uwu anali wotchuka kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma lomaliza (koma mwachirengedwe zochepa, iwo Asia, Africa, Latin America ndi South). Pambuyo kukhazikitsidwa awo analenga nthambi asilikali ndi apolisi zida, zimene zinaphatikizapo asilikali, mabungwe a chitetezo ndipo ambiri mabungwe ena kulamulira anthu, mayanjano anthu , ndi zina zotero. Koma ichi ndi lingaliro ambiri za ulamuliro odana ndi demokalase ngati zimenezi. Kukhala bwino zambiri, ayenera payokha tione nkhani payekha.

Pomaliza

Pano tili ndi kumvetsa zimene demokalase ndi odana ndi demokalase ankhanza, komanso mbali ya masika. Kalanga ine, apa ankaimira yekha kunsonga ya madzi oundana zambiri. Kuti timvetse bwino mfundo boma odana ndi demokalase ndi mbali wotsagana ndi zina zabwino zimene muyenera kuphunzira wambirimbiri yeniyeni, pang'onong'ono lolunjika mabuku.