The achifwamba ambiri yotchuka

Chodabwitsa kuberana kwazaluso wapereka mbiri ya anthu maina ambiri a adventurers lodziwika bwino. Peak akuba nyanja zinachitika m'zaka XVII, pamene Ocean World anali zochitika za kulimbana kwa Spain, Britain ndi zina phindu patsogolo mwa mphamvu European atsamunda. Nthawi zambiri, ndi achifwamba anapanga moyo monga palokha looting chigawenga, koma ena a iwo okha yothandiza anthu ndipo purposefully kuvulazidwa ndi navies yachilendo.

Frensis Dreyk

Iye anabadwa mu 1540 Frensis Dreyk anabadwa mu banja wamba munda, ndipo kunalibe zizindikiro zimene iye akhale Wakuba kwambiri ndi kuyenda panyanja. A kukhota lakuthwa mu moyo wake zinachitika zaka 12 pamene makolo anasamukira ku Kent. Pali mnyamata anakhala kanyumba mnyamata pa wamalonda Bwato. The mwini chombo chidafika wachibale wake kutali. Akufa, anapatsa sitimayo mbiri Drake. Kotero kuti mwamwayi kwambiri zaka 18, mnyamatayo anali kapitawo.

Ngati ena onse oyendetsa zosiyana, Francis akulakalaka nyanja kutali kumadzulo, kumene kuchokera nthawi ya anatulukira anapitiriza mwamantha ku Spain. Wotchuka achifwamba a nthawi imeneyo, monga yosakidwa othodwa golide American galleons achifumu. Spain kwenikweni umayang'anira West Indies ndipo sanali ndikupatsani izo chuma ku British. Pakati pa zombo za maiko awiri mowirikiza ankamenyana. Mu mmodzi wa iwo 1567 Frensis Dreyk pang'ono anataya moyo wake. Wa onse English zombo anapulumuka zombo ziwiri zokha. Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, ku Spain anakhala archenemies Drake.

Francis analandira kwa akuluakulu corsair setifiketi ndi ufulu zapansi mdani ufulu zofunkha. Kutenga mwayi uwu, ndi Pirate analanda forts Spanish ndi outposts mu Caribbean. M'chaka cha 1572, gulu lake anagwira katundu yaikulu siliva. Mu England wakuba anapita ndi matani 30 a chitsulo mfulu.

Drake anatchuka kwambiri osati monga mvula yamabingu Spain, komanso ngati wofufuza wolimba. Mu 1577, Koroleva Elizaveta Ine anamutumiza maulendowa dziko. Iwo Wakuba uyu anali woyamba ku England kuti obognuvshim lonse. Paulendo wake, anapeza kuti Tierra del Fuego - ndi chilumba, osati kontinenti kum'mwera, monga kale izo ankaona mu Europe. Atabwerera zazikulu Frensis Dreyk anali knighted nakhala Sir. udindo waukulu sanasinthe makhalidwe a nyanja nkhandwe. M'malo mwake, iye akungokhalira anavutika kachiwiri yotsatira wofuna ulendo.

Mu 1588 Frensis Dreyk anali nawo kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain. English zombo chigonjetso wotsogolera wa Britain nyanja kwa zaka zingapo. Wabwino uwu Drake kangapo anapita kukaona ku West Indies. Mu Caribbean anali kuwononga mdani m'munsi mwa achifwamba kulepheretsa kopindulitsa malonda British. Sir Drake anafa 1596 pa ulendo wopita ku Panama. bokosi wake kutsogolera anaikidwa m'manda mu nyanja. Mosakayikira, adventurer ichi ndi adventurer - wotchuka Wakuba zaka zana la 16.

Henry Morgan

Henry Morgan anabadwa mu 1635 mu kuya kwa Wales mu banja la mwanaciro munda. Mnyamatayo ankakhoza kukhala wolandira atate wake, koma ndi chilakolako wake ali mwana anali ulimi ndi nyanja. Pamene nthawi wasonyeza chikondi cha m'chizimezime lakutali analungamitsidwa. The achifwamba wotchuka nsanje bwino Henry Morgan, amene anakhala nthano tikukhala mu nthawi yake.

Mnyamata England ganyu pa sitima paulendo wopita ku doko chilumba cha Barbados. Kamodzi mu Caribbean, Morgan anayamba kumanga ntchito zodabwitsa monga Wakuba ndi. Mwa kugwirizana achifwamba, anasamukira ku Jamaica. Jung msanga membala wa anawazunza ndi, cholinga chachikulu cha zimene anali akuba anadza kwa ziwiya dzanja. Mu nthawi yochepa mnyamatayo ankadziwa malamulo ndi miyambo ya moyo m'madzi onse. Kale mu ubwana wake, iye anakhala mwini likulu ndithu, kukhomerera limodzi kuberana kwazaluso ndi ndalama akupeza mu fupa. Ndi ndalama zimenezi, Henry anagula chombo chake choyamba.

Posachedwapa ngakhale achifwamba wotchuka anamva za luso ndi mwayi Morgan. Padziko Wakuba gulu anapanga otsatira. Chombo wake anayamba agwirizane zipangizo zatsopano. Kukula kwa chikoka sanathe koma kuyambitsa zokhumba kukula. Mu 1665, Morgan zongosiya zombo wakubayu ndipo tinayamba kukonza opaleshoni kulanda mzinda wonsewo. Cholinga chake choyamba anaonekera Trujillo. Ndiye wakuba anamugwira zapansi angapo Spanish ku Cuba. Ndipo privateers losavuta, ndi achifwamba wotchuka sanathe kudzitama mwa zinthu zimenezi.

Wotchuka ogwira asilikali Morgan anayamba ulendo wake ku Panama, umene unachitika mu 1670. Pa nthawiyi, anali kale zombo 35 adalira anthu 2000 pa kutaya wakuba ndi. gulu ili anafika Panama n'kupita Spanish achitetezo a dzina lomweli. Ngakhale kuti asilikali owerengedwa asilikali 2.5 zikwi, sanathe mudzi wa. Kutenga Panama, achifwamba zidawawononga onsewo adalimbana ndi anagonjetsa zonse anali kukwaniritsa. Mzindawu moto ndi kuwonongedwa. Pambuyo anaukira ndi mayina a achifwamba wotchuka chinazilala ndi maziko a Henry Morgan.

Pamene nkhani British anabwerera ku Jamaica, amene anali korona, akuluakulu mwadzidzidzi anamangidwa. Zinali chakuti madzulo a London ndi Madrid apanga mtendere. Mzembela si likuimira boma, koma anasangalala connivance wake wabwino. Atamaliza mtendere ndi Spain, boma la Britain walonjeza kulamulira mu achifwamba ake. Henry Morgan anatumizidwa kunyumba. nyumba yake kudikira bwalo, koma ndondomeko anali kokha yabodza ziwonetsero. Akuluakulu sanafune kulanga Wakuba kupereka iwo ndi ntchito monga ambiri polimbana ndi ulamuliro Spanish pa nyanja.

Posachedwa Henry Morgan anabwerera ku Jamaica. Iye anakhala wachiwiri-kazembe wa chisumbucho ndi mkulu wa zombo asilikali ake. M'tsogolo, achifwamba kupitiriza mokhulupirika korona. Iye anafa mu 1688 ndipo ulemu m'manda mu mpingo wa Port Royal. Jamaica zoopsa chivomerezi chimene chinagwedeza zaka zingapo, ndipo manda a Morgan kutsukidwa mu nyanja.

Enn Bonni

Ngakhale kuba nyanja nthawi zonse pachikhalidwe anaupatulira mwamuna chibwenzi, chimodzimodzi chidwi ndi wotchuka wamkazi achifwamba. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Enn Bonni (anabadwa mu 1700). Iye anachokera ku banja lolemera Irish. Pamene iye anali mwana, bambo ake anagula malo mu akutali America. Choncho Anne anasamukira ku Dziko Latsopano.

Mwana wamkazi 18 yr akale anathamangira kunyumba ndipo anayamba ntchito ulendo wofuna. Iye anakumana ndi Pirate Jack Rackham ndipo anaganiza kuti agwirizane Zopatsa wake nyanja. The mtsikana anali azolowere zovala zachimuna ndipo amaphunzira luso lakulimbana ndi kuwombera. Rackham timu anagwidwa ndi boma 1720. Captain anaphedwa, koma chilango cha nthawi zonse Anne anali kulephereka chifukwa cha mimba yake. tsoka lake wotsatira amakhalabe osadziwika.

Mu buku lina la Bonnie anamasulidwa ndipo anafa pa anaukira chizolowezi pa ena apulumutsidwe otchuka bambo ake, kenako Poyamba anali wakuba koma wakhala moyo wake wonse mu South Carolina ndipo anamwalira mu 1782 ali ndi zaka kucha akale. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, wotchuka kwambiri achifwamba wamkazi (wakuba wina wotchuka pa nthawi anali Meri Musafe) amapanga mbiri kuposa anzawo wamwamuna.

Chernaya Boroda

Lodziwika bwino chithunzi Blackbeard amakhalabe mmodzi wa kuzindikira kwambiri mu Wakuba gulu. Pansi moniker uyu akubisala Edvard Tich. Za ubwana wake pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika. Panyanja analengeza yokha mu 1713, pamene 33 zaka m'gulu la achifwamba Benjamin Hornigold. Ngati zonse achifwamba otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse, gulu ili ankasakidwa mu wokongola wapatali katundu Caribbean. Phunzitsani anali weniweni abwino Pirate. Iye sankadziwa kalikonse kupatula anawazunza zonse ndi akuba. chombo wake "Mfumukazi Anne a Kubwezera" mantha monga amalinyero, ndi anthu wamba pansi.

Mu 1717, chifukwa cha khama la bwanamkubwa wa Bahamas akuluakulu ayamba wotsimikizika kulimbana ndi achifwamba. Zinthu zatsopano zachilendo, akuba ambiri (kuphatikizapo wa Benjamin Hornigold) anaganiza anagona pansi zida zawo ndi kupeza chikhululukiro achifumu. Komabe, Thich anakanitsitsa kusintha moyo wawo. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye wakhala mdani №1 kwa magulu asilikali a Britain ndi panyanja.

Ambiri achifwamba wotchuka, amene anakana Integrated mu dongosolo latsopano, anagwirizana Blackbeard. The ulendo wotchuka amene anakhala mkulu anatseka misewu ya Charleston ku South Carolina. Raiders anagwira anthu ambiri achikulire, ndi kuwombola anthu kubwerera kwawo ali dipo yaikulu.

Chinyengo khamu "Kubwezera Mfumukazi Anne a" Kodi si salangidwa. Akuluakulu analonjeza Wakuba mutu mapaundi 100, omwe unali chuma. Pa Blackbeard anayamba kusakasaka weniweni. Posachedwapa, November 22, 1718 Edvard Tich anaphedwa kukwera nkhondowo ndi gulu la mkulu Robert Maynard. Kawirikawiri achifwamba wotchuka ndi zombo zawo mwakwiya nyanja kochepa kwambiri koma lapadera moyo. Choncho chinali cholowa cha Blackbeard.

Bartholomew Roberts

Ulemerero, umene ntchito ndi achifwamba ambiri yotchuka, spawned owazungulira zambiri mbiri ndi nthano. Bartholomew Roberts sanali zosiyana kwa lamulo limeneli. Iwo akutchedwa analembedwa ndi Pirate Code - malamulo, chimene mibadwo yambiri achifwamba moyo.

Roberts anabadwa mu 1682 kakang'ono Wales m'tauni ya Haverfordwest. maulendo anayamba slaver chombo, kumene Bartholomew anali mkulu wothandizira. Pakuti achifwamba, iye anali mu zaka 37, pamene analemba ganyu ngalawa "Mfumukazi ya London." Pasanapite mwezi ndi theka mbala novice anasankhidwa mkulu wa ngalawa wake.

Komanso makampani palokha Roberts anamuika wotchuka m'mayiko ambiri ndi nyanja. Pa nthawi imeneyo ankaganiza kuti iye - ndi Pirate kwambiri wotchuka mu dziko. Bartholomew timu anachita osati Caribbean, komanso madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja Africa West, Brazil ndi ngakhale Canada. Mbava mundilanda zonse kungakhale kopindulitsa kugulitsa: bwalo ndi zitsulo mfulu, kumpoto ubweya galleons, mabwato ndi katundu ochepa American. flagship ake Roberts anapanga chalanda French brig, amene adayitana "Royal Pirate."

Bartholomew anaphedwa mu 1722 pa ulendo chizolowezi kwa Africa, kumene ankafuna kuchita yopindulitsa malonda a akapolo. Lodziwika bwino Wakuba zizolowezi imawonongeka anzake kumwa. Pamene sitimayo British mwadzidzidzi anaukira bwato la Roberts, gulu lake lonse linali akufa ataledzera. The achifwamba wotchuka wa Caribbean ndi asilikali a Royal Navy anadabwa zinachitika: chirichonse chinkawoneka kuti Bartholomew wosagonjetseka. Roberts anaima ndi maziko a comrades wake, osati kupambana zawo, komanso chizolowezi waukhondo, ndi kudana njuga ndi kutukwana. Palibe kukaika kuti iye anali mmodzi wa Wakuba achisembwere nthawi yake.

Genri Everi

Pa moyo wake waufupi Genri Everi anakwanitsa kupeza zambiri nicknames. Ena a m'nthawi anamutcha Ben lanky, winayo - Arhipiratom. Lyubov Everi kunyanja anali anakonzeratu ndi mizu. bambo Henry ankatumikira monga mkulu mu British apanyanja. Mu 1659 mu banja mkulu wa iye anali ndi mwana wamwamuna, amene amayembekezeka kukhala mmodzi wa achifwamba kwambiri zokongola ndi lodziwika bwino nthawi yake.

Choyamba, chigawenga tsogolo tidapita pa zombo wamalonda, kenako m'malo iwo pa wakuba ndi. Mu 1694, Emery 25 wazaka anali kulemba pa caper lapansi. Chachikulu kusiyana m'chombo kuchokera Wakuba tingachipeze powerenga anali kuti talandidwa ndi anaukira malonda ochokera m'mayiko ena ndi chilolezo cha boma. Nthawi zina zimenezi zisakuyenda pamene chombo anasiya kulipira malipiro, oyendetsa anaukira. Oyendetsa anasankha kukhala achifwamba, mmalo mwa mkulu wakale anasankha wina watsopano. Iwo anapeza Genri Emeri.

Mtsogoleri wa achifwamba anasiya Caribbean ndipo anapita ku nyanja ya Indian, kumene iye anali wachikulire. Site ya woyamba amasiya yaitali anali Madagascar. Ndiye Emery timu anaukira zombo a Indian Mughal Ufumu. Tinfunika anakwanitsa kugwila chiwerengero chachikulu cha katundu osowa kum'maŵa ndi mitundu yonse ya zodzikongoletsera. Pa yotereyi yopindulitsa analota wa achifwamba onse America. Pambuyo ulendo kuti Avery anali asakuoneka. Panali mphekesera zoti kuti anasamukira ku England ndipo anayesa kuyamba bizinezi mwachilungamo ndipo m'kupita lenilenili.

Thomas Tew

Njira imene anatsatira pa ulendo wake wotchuka Genri Emeri amatchedwa "Pirate Round." Choyamba njira iyi (Atlantic - South Africa - Madagascar - India) anali Thomas Tew. Pamene anayamba Emery privateer ndi Pirate anamaliza. Mu 1693 iye mundilanda zombo zingapo ku Nyanja Yofiira. Asanagwe wake, Zankhanza European konse ankasakidwa mderali. Mwina chikugwirizana ndi kupambana izi Tew - palibe kuyembekezera maonekedwe a njonda Caribbean chuma.

Pa ulendo wake wachiwiri kwa Madagascar, Thomas mwangozi anakumana Genri Emeri. Chifukwa kufalitsa mphekesera zokhudza ndalama m'mayiko a kummawa ndi achifwamba wotchuka tsopano kufunafuna kuti atsanzire bwino Tew. Mu ichi Wakuba mkulu kukumbukira anakhalabe monga anatulukira za "Circle". More kuchita, iye analibe nthawi. Mu 1695, Thomas Tew anaphedwa pa kuukira pa flotilla Mogul.

Thomas Cavendish

Mndandanda, zomwe zikuphatikizapo achifwamba ambiri yotchuka, simungakhoze kuchita popanda kutchulidwa kwa Thomas Cavendish (1560-1592). Iye anakhala ndi moyo wa Francis Drake. Biographies wa achifwamba awiri kugwira ntchito mu zinthu za korona English, ndi zambiri zofanana. Cavendish pambuyo Drake anaganiza kuzungulira dziko. Maulendowa, achitika 1586-1588 gg., Sanali konse mtendere. Skirting America, English achifwamba mundilanda ambiri modzaza kusefukira ndi golide makhoti Spanish. M'lingaliro, ulendo Thomas Cavendish anali kufika. The Spain ndimaganiza Pacific Ocean za "nyanja mkati" ndipo anakwiya pamene achifwamba yachilendo atagonjetsa mu madzi akadali kwenikweni osadziwika.

Kopindulitsa kwambiri kuukira Cavendish gulu anapanga gombe la Mexico. Anthu a Elizabeth I anaukira galleon, amene anali kunyamula okwanira chaka cha golide Peru (120,000 pesos). Wina opindulitsa ankapitabe achifwamba anayamba magalimoto ku Java. Chilumba anatchuka chifukwa tsabola ake ndi cloves. Zonunkhira nthawi ankawagwiritsa pa kulemera kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Cavendish anakwanitsa kutenga katundu lalikulu la upsell lapansi. Mzembela anabwerera ku Plymouth lakwawo mu 1588. Kuzungulira dziko kwa zaka 2 ndi masiku 50, iwo anapereka umboni liwiro, umene unachitikira kwa zaka ziwiri zathunthu.

Cavendish anakhala mofulumira kupanga ndalama zochuluka. Patapita zaka zingapo kupambana zodabwitsa anasonkhanitsa ndi ulendo wachiwiri, akufuna chimodzimodzi kubwereza kupambana wake wotsiriza. Koma nthawi iyi Wakuba mliri ndi zolephera. Mu 1592 iye anafa mu madzi a Atlantic Ocean. Moti Cavendish chombo Amira pafupi Ascension Island.

Fransua Olone

Ngakhale achifwamba wotchuka ndi zombo zawo, monga ulamuliro, n'zogwirizana ndi England, iwo anali yokha awo ndi mayiko ena. Mwachitsanzo, chilemba yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya kumanzere France Fransua Olone (1630-1671). Mu ubwana wake, iye anakhala wotchuka ku doko waukulu wa achifwamba Caribbean Tortuga. Mu 1662, mnyamata corsair wakuba ali setifiketi ndipo anayamba kusaka kwa zombo Spanish. Kamodzi chombo linasweka Ohlone. Pirate zokankhidwira pa gombe Mexico, komwe ndi gulu lake anali anaukira ndi ku Spain unathandizapo. French onse anaphedwa, ndipo kokha wodziyesa nthawi akufa Ohlone anapulumuka.

Ntchito yaikulu ya Francois inali kulandidwa kwa mzinda wa Spain wa Maracaibo ku Venezuela wamakono. A daredevils omwe adagonjetsa derali amakhala ndi ngalawa zisanu zokha. Ali panjira, anthu opha zipolopolowo ananyamula sitima ya ku Spain ndipo anatenga miyala yodzikongoletsera yokongoletsera ndi kakale. Atafika kumtunda, Olon anatsogolera kunjenjemera kwa nsanja, nyumba ya asilikali yomwe inalipo anthu 800. Ma Pirates adagonjetsa nkhondowo ndipo anatenga zikwi makumi asanu ndi zitatu za siliva za siliva. Polemekeza kugwa kwa Maracaibo, woyendetsa sitimayo adatchedwanso "mlili wa Aspania".

Ulendo wake womalizira kwa wachifwamba wotchuka wa ku France ndi ulendo wake wopita ku Nicaragua. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu kufunafuna phindu, achifwambawo adagwira ngalawa yodzaza ndi pepala yotsika mtengo. Chifukwa cholephera, gawo la timu linabwerera ku Tortuga. Olon anapitiriza ulendowu, koma mwatsoka kwa woyendetsa pafupi ndi Cartagena chombo chake chinagwedezeka. Msilikali wa ku France wa amuna 40, omwe anafika pamtunda, anaukiridwa ndi a Amwenye ambirimbiri. Amuna am'deralo adagonjetsa Olona ndi gulu lake.

Amaro Pargo

Amaro Pargo ndi mmodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri ku Spain. Iye anabadwa mu 1678 ku Canary Islands ndipo kale ali mnyamata adayamba kugulitsa antchito kuchokera ku Africa kupita ku America. Ogwira ntchito mfulu m'minda anali ofunika kwambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa Pargo kukhala olemera kwambiri. Iye anali mdani wolumbirira wa Blackbeard komanso ambiri opha anthu a ku England.

Asanamwalire mu 1747, Pargo anapanga chifuniro, pomwe adanena kuti anaika chifuwa ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali: siliva, golide, ngale, zokongoletsa, miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi nsalu zokwera mtengo. Kwa zaka makumi angapo, akatswiri ambiri anayesetsa kupeza chuma ichi, kuphatikizapo otchuka kwambiri. M'nkhani ya Pargo, pali malo ambiri oyera. Ngakhale patali nthawi yaitali kufunafuna chuma cha pirate ya ku Spain kotero palibe amene anapeza.