Standard ndi makulidwe mulingo woyenera kwambiri magawo: GOST, mbali ndi ayamikira

Masitepe mkati ndi kunja ndi pafupifupi m'nyumba iliyonse. Sungani nyumba amenewa adayika ndi chisanadze drafting. Kukhala zojambula, ndi zofunika kutsatira malamulo onse zotchulidwa SNIP ndi GOST. Mu makamaka yokhudza structural mchitidwe makwerero, monganso magawo. Iwo ayenera kukhala makamaka wangwiro ndi odalirika. Sankhani kukula kwa mapazi miyendo makwerero ulendo ndi kutsegula akhale monga kuwachititsa kukhala omasuka. Komanso, kapangidwe ayenera kukhala ndi otetezedwa momwe tingathere.

mitundu ya makwerero

M'mabwalo ndi Interiors nyumba angathe kuikidwa zomangamanga hoisting zotsatirazi mitundu:

• Akuguba. Iyi ndi njira yofala masitepe. Gawo ali bwinobwino wokwera pa kosour kapena chingwe. Akuyandama akhoza kukhala wophweka kapena swivel. Ngati ndi kosatheka PAD dongosolo chifukwa cha kusowa malo zomangamanga amenewa yokhota kumapeto ntchito winders.
• Wononga. Izi zikuwoneka sitima ano ndipo akutenga malo kuli. Anaika mwauzimu masitepe akhoza kukhala mbali ina ya nyumba kapena pabwalo, osati khoma. Kupanga iwo amakhala chonse. Kuchita zinthu makwerero trapezoidal ndi Ufumuyo mtengo kwambiri. Nthawi zina nyumba ndi m'mabwalo Komanso anaika amakona anayi mwauzimu masitepe. Pankhaniyi, mu mapangidwe awo monga ziyangoyango awiri. Mwatsoka, buku ili losiyana wolemera, choncho kawirikawiri ntchito.
• Choimirira. Mtundu wa masitepe kawirikawiri ntchito ngati moto, chifukwa kunyamula pa chapamwamba unheated kapena kupsyolela ku m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. makwerero Awa zogwiriziza awiri basi, pakati pa amene ankanyamula bar. Pali mitundu iwiri waukulu wa iwo: makwerero ndi lokhazikika. Kawirikawiri, izi makwerero mosiya kuchita.

Akuguba makina makwerero ali wa kota (90 madigiri) ndi poluoborotnymi (madigiri 180). Wononga mamangidwe Ndipotu, mtundu wawo. Kasinthasintha wa makwerero amenewa anachita pa 180 c. Kenako yang'anani pa zomwe mu nthawi zonsezi akhoza kukhala kukula kwa masitepe. Standard amasonyeza kanjedza enieni makamaka masitepe a nyumba. Makamaka, nthawi zambiri, kusankha mulingo woyenera (koma osati kupitirira zofunikira za SNIP), m'lifupi, kutalika, kuya ndi kutalika.

amafuna ambiri

Pamene kusonkhana masitepe a mtundu uliwonse ayenera kutsatira malamulo amenewa ambiri:

• chiwerengero cha magawo mu ulendo munthu sayenera upambana mayunitsi 17. The mlingo akanakhoza kukhala chirichonse. Koma kawirikawiri mu masitepe pali njira zosachepera 3. ndi zofalitsa chabwino ndi wosamvetseka chiwerengero cha iwo.
• Kutalika kwa mapazi a staircase ayenera kukhala ofanana. A pang'ono pamwamba enawo zitha kukhala woyamba.
• Nkhani gawo lalikulu kwambiri kuchita sikuloledwa. Apo ayi, akukwera pamasitepe munthu akhoza kungoyankha timapunthwa. Malamulo ikuti kumasulidwa kutalika kwa zosaposa 30 mm.
• Mtunda ku siteji pamwamba pa chitseko kutsogolo ayenera kukhala osachepera 1 m. Mulimonsemo chiyani sanaloledwe m'dera ali m'lifupi chitseko.

Features wa magawo pomanga

Kupanga mbali yaikulu ya makwerero mbali ziwiri:

• yopingasa thandizo aponda;
• ofukula risers.

M'lifupi kutalika loyamba ndi lachiwiri pamene drafting ayenera kukhala zosatheka kuwerengetsa mosamala. Ilo lachokera zolozerazi awiri mu nthaka ndi kudalira mayiko ndi chitetezo cha kuguba. Nthawi zina masitepe kuchita popanda risers. Mtengo zomangamanga amenewa ndi mtengo, kwache iwo akuoneka zochepa bwinobwino.

M'litali magawo

Masitepe zikubweretsa nyumba kapena mu chipinda, malinga ndi mfundo SNIP akuyenera kuchita yotakata ndithu. Standard siteji, amene miyeso ofunitsitsa ndi GOST ndi kutalika kwa osachepera 90 cm. Koma ndi mulingo woyenera kuyeza 1-1.5 m. Pa ulendo kupita mmwamba ndi pansi kumwazikana anthu iliyonse.

mozama ulendo

M'lifupi akadakwanitsira masitepe yopita ku danga moyo, amaona 30cm Mulimonsemo, malinga ndi malamulo, chithunzi siziyenera kukhala osachepera 25 cm (kwa chapansi - 26 cm) .. Ndiko kuti, m'lifupi kupondaponda zizichitidwa moti mosavuta kupsa pa phazi la munthu wamkulu.

Kuchotserapo kuti lamulo limeneli ndi okhawo wononga ndi makwerero choimirira. Yopapatiza masitepe trapezoidal mbali ayenera m'lifupi mwake osachepera 10 cm. The makwerero ofukula, sitepe makwerero, ndipo makamaka ayenera kukhala kuwala ndi mafoni. Choncho, m'lifupi masitepe si amatsatila malamulo. Nthawi zambiri, ndalama izi 5-10 cm. Firefighters zitsulo zomangamanga ndi masitepe onse yopangidwa ndi nkhungu ndodo awiri 15-20mm.

Kodi tiyenera kutalika?

chinkafunika uyu ayenera kuganizira mbali ya ndingaliro ya kuguba. Standard pa mapazi a kukula kwa masitepe konkire mu nyumba mkulu-nyamuka, mwachitsanzo, umapereka ubale zotsatirazi:

• chifukwa chopanga ndi masinthidwe amtundu wa 1: 2 - 125-145 mamilimita;
• ndi otsetsereka a 1: 1.5 - 143 kapena 168 mm.

Njira yamasika kawirikawiri ntchito makwerero kutsika mu chapansi kapena Nyamulani chapamwamba. M'lifupi mwa kuyenda nyumba kanjira kopita konkire nthawizonse 30 cm ndi chapansi ndi masitepe chapamwamba -. 26 cm.

Paokha gawo nyumba zambiri kupanga kutalika kwa 150-200 mm. Ndi osiyanasiyana ili la malamulo chovomerezeka SNIP. Mulingo woyenera zosinthika kutalika zimadalira kwenikweni kukula kwa anthu amene ali m'nyumba, ndipo m'lifupi phula awo.

Makulidwe njira: bwanji kuwerengera ntchito akadakwanitsira?

Mu drafting kunja kapena mkati makwerero chotchuka ntchito mitunduyi ngati:

• A + B = 450 mm (ulendo kudalirika);
• B-A = 120 mm (chitetezo).

"A" Pankhaniyi - kutalika kwa riser ndi, "B" - m'lifupi anaponda. Alionse m'dzikoli pali zambiri zinthu chitetezo wangwiro ndiponso kudalirika masamu ndi chilinganizo ulendo 2A + B = 600 mm.

Makulidwe masitepe a staircase kunyumba adalira, makamaka, ndi kuti ntchito yopanga wake wa nkhaniyo. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, muyezo m'lifupi gulu 75-275 mamilimita ndi panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira 25 mm. Pakuti aponda abwino mfundo 250 mamilimita ndi 275 mm. matabwa onse mu nkhani iyi, ntchito ndi zosayenera. Pakuti risers ali ambiri anatengedwa pa zinthu 150, 175 kapena 200 mm. The yabwino kwambiri kuganizira wachiwiri ndi lomaliza mwina.

Mu njerwa makwerero zambiri ndi m'lifupi mwake 250 mm. kutalika awo ndipo nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa 177-178 mm. miyeso awa anatsimikiza ndi miyeso masitepe zakuthupi (kutalika 250 mm, kutalika 88 mm). Pamene zomangamanga kumanga mitundu amakamba kutalika njerwa awiri. Kuti ndi 88 chabe kuchulukitsa ndi 2 ndi kuwonjezera 1-2 cm pa matabwa a.

Pakuti magawo zitsulo ndi konkire stairways kutalika magawo kofunika, m'lifupi ndi zina zotero. E. Tsimikizani chuma chokha mtengo ndi chomasuka ntchito.

Kodi aliyense ayenera Ndimaona?

Ndiye kodi kukhala muyeso ndi kukula mulingo woyenera kwambiri masitepe, ife tinapeza. Komabe, pamene kukafola masitepe a polojekiti ayenera kuganizira chizindikiro china chofunika. Posankha zinthu kwa nyumba matabwa ayenera kulabadira wochindikala. Kumene, bolodi kwambiri woonda sikuthandiza ankatsatira makwerero. Apo ayi, zidzakuyenderani osakhala komanso sakhalitsa.

The makulidwe a aponda matabwa anatsimikiza mtima chiŵerengero 1:20 kuti m'lifupi. Imakhala okwanira chitetezo malire. Ndiko kuti, sitepe bolodi m'lifupi 250 mamilimita ayenera makulidwe a osachepera 12,5 mm. Pakuti riser mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo n'kakang'ono. Kudula thabwa mu centimeter wandiweyani mu nkhani iyi, ndi yokwanira. Nthawi zina danga ofukula pakati pa aponda ndi kutsekedwa monga plywood.

Konkire masitepe chomaliza ndi zambiri amakumana ndi matailosi. Choncho, pamene kuwerengetsa kutalika ndipo m'lifupi masitepe ayenera nthawi zonse kuganizira makulidwe zakuthupi. Mu matailosi ndi, chithunzi ichi ndi amangoona 4-9 mm. Matailosi a mwala chachibadwa ndi makulidwe kwambiri za 1-2 cm.

Pomaliza

Mutu kuti litsatidwe malamulo onse tafotokozazi, m'nyumba kapena pabwalo, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa womasuka kwambiri ndi cholimba makwerero. Kumene, kuwerengera kukula kwa masitepe - ichi ndi theka nkhondo. Pamene kusonkhana makwerero akhale ufulu wosankha kutalika kwa chipongwe (osachepera 90 cm), njira zinthu chikukonzekera (nkhuni - akapichi yekha) .., Sunthani njingayo, etc. Komabe, kudalirika kwa mapazi pansi kudziŵa chitetezo ndi chilimbikitso cha nyumba zimenezi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupulumutsa pa zinthu zakuthupi ndiponso kupitirira magawo chovomerezeka m'litali, m'lifupi, kutalika ndi makulidwe Pankhaniyi sikuthandiza.