Sokhondinsky malo: nyengo, nyama ndi zomera

Amodzi mwa malo abwino mu Russia ndi Sokhondinsky Reserve, limene lili mu South Baikal. Ndi chidwi pa chikhalidwe chosiyana zachilengedwe zakutchire m'derali. Sokhondinsky malo Trans-Baikal gawo kuteteza ndi kuphunzira mitundu kuderako, komanso pofuna kuteteza gawo.

Zolinga ndi ntchito za m'dera limeneli

Zolinga chachikulu cha malo ndi:

• chitetezo cha gawo lawo zofunika kwenikweni kusunga ndi kuonjezera chiwerengero cha nyama osowa;
• kuphunzira chikhalidwe ndi kasamalidwe "Annals";
• polojekiti zachilengedwe a m'derali;
• maphunziro zachilengedwe;
• maphunziro asayansi latsopano ndi akatswiri a chitetezo zachilengedwe.

Chifukwa chakuti mbali yaikulu ya gawo pafupifupi hozhena munthu chikhalire anapitiriza maonekedwe ake apachiyambi. namwali ndi chidwi Sokhondinsky Reserve, ndi Kuwulura umene sungathe anati. Kuno anayambitsa mitsinje yambiri transbaikalian zokhudzana ndi mabeseni ya Pacific ndi nyanja Arctic.

A mwachidule mbiri

Akukhulupirira kuti Sokhondinsky Reserve anakhazikitsidwa mu 1973. Mu 1772, pa mtsinje wa mumapezeka nsomba Sokhondo anakwera Sokolov. Pali anasonkhanitsa zomera zambiri ndipo anawapereka m'manja sayansi Russian. Zimenezi zinathandiza kutsegula kwambiri a mitundu kuderako wapadera dera. Kenako kunditumiza ku herbarium kuti kuphunzira English wasayansi. Flora komanso chinkhoswe Turchaninov anasonkhana zopereka wapatali. Mwatsoka, zolemba kumanzere pamodzi ndi World.

Mu 1856, phunziro la zomera pa gale- kumanzere GI Radde. Iye ananena kuti m'dera panali asanu mabacteria okwera.

Kuphunzira Altai-Kyrinskoy beseni ndi Khentey-Chikoyskogo okwera chinkhoswe Professor VI Smirnov. Iye anasonkhanitsa ndithu herbarium lalikulu, lomwe kenako kuchotsedwa kwa St. Petersburg University ndipo anali kumeneko mpaka nthawi yathu.

Mu 1914 kuphunzira zomera chinkhoswe PN Krylov ndi L.P.Sergievskaya, herbaria kuti kudzadza m'gulu la University Tomsk.

UNESCO anapereka udindo malo a "Biosphere Reserve" mu 1985.

mbali Physiographic

malo Izi zikuphatikizapo Sokhondinsky, Balbasniyskuyu Sopkoyanskuyu ndi loaches. Derali lili yaikulu. Sam Sokhondinsky massif ali ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 20 makilomita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi makilomita 14. Dera lonse lili pa periphery wa okwera Henty-Chikoy. gale- uyu ali mapiri awiri: kutalika Wamkulu (mamita 2500.5) ndi Small (mamita 2404). Padutse nsonga ndi mamita 2000 mkulu. Mu gawo kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa massif ndi Tsagan-Ula. Ndi kumadzulo Sokhondinsky malo m'mphepete mwa Dzhermaltay-Ingodinsky maganizo, amene anatchuka chifukwa madzi ake mchere.

nyengo

The nyengo Sokhondinsky Reserve zikuchepa chokhala. Youma yozizira ndi chisanu pang'ono. Pakuchitika January kutentha ranges ku 22 ° C kwa 28 ° C, malingana ndi okwera. Komabe, pa mfundo okha kufika opanda 50 ° C.

Chilimwe ndi yochepa kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale angathe atapanga ndi chisanu lolemera. Kutentha likhalebe kuti kuphatikiza 14 ° C. mwezi Zakudya - July. Cacikulu pafupifupi kutentha - za opanda 1,9 ° C. Wapachaka pafupifupi mpweya imagwera pa 430 mm.

nyengo ndi aakulu kwambiri, koma ambiri a nyama ndi zomera omasuka kwathunthu. Sokhondinsky malo mu Russia ndi imodzi mwa olemera mu zosiyanasiyana zamoyo.

nyama

Wapadera Sokhondinsky malo ndege anasankha kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kutentha, umene secrete yambiri nyama ndi zomera. Apa mungapeze nkhandweyo, sable, zofiirira chimbalangondo, gologolo, kalulu, etc.

Pakati pa nyama chidwi kwambiri Tingaone Siberia musk gwape. Izi ang'onoang'ono ogawika-hoofed nyama, mu maonekedwe chokhala nswala. mbali khalidwe la munthu uyu: nkhungu Brown kapena zofiirira tsitsi, woonda lakuthwa ziboda, palibe nyanga, amuna mano yaitali chotuluka ku pansi pa milomo chapamwamba, komanso zopangitsa m'mimba yotulutsa musk. Home wa mbawala musk ndi wokongola Sokhondinsky Reserve.

Ali? Monga tanena ndi malo chikhalidwe lili Kumwera Baikal. Siberia musk nswala amakhala pa msinkhu wa mamita 600-900. Kulumpha nyamayo mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo amatha kusintha ndege njira za kayendedwe 90 °. Izo wakudya lichens lapadziko, paini masingano Oil ndi mkungudza, horsetail ndi zomera zina zakudya.

Pa gawo angapezeke ermine - yaing'ono, ang'onoang'ono nyama kutchera misampha musteline. Thupi la ranges ake onse 70 260g. Iye ali ndi khosi lalitali, mutu triangular ndi makutu yaing'ono chonse. mtundu woyera m'nyengo yozizira. Izo wakudya makoswe ang'ono, ndipo amasangalala kukhala ndekha. Chiwembu nyama delimit madzimadzi amene anamasulidwa zopangitsa lapansi. Ermine moyo makamaka mu kamakumba una, koma sikuti kukumba iwo ankaona kuti zatenga nyumba anapha makoswe. Mdani ali wolimba kwambiri ndi kukhetsa mwazi. Mu zochitika yovutayi, akhoza kuukira ndi munthu, ngakhale kukula kwake.

The ogwirira zoopsa kwambiri malo ali mimbulu ofiira omwe a banja la canines. Thupi nyama ndi kutalika lalikulu 76-110 cm. Kunenepa 20 kg. Iwo ali wamfupi kuipanikiza, maso mkulu-amangokhala ndi lalikulu makutu chilili. Mtundu wofiira ndi wakuda mchira. Kukhala paketi 5 anthu. Mu chakudya ndi makoswe ndi herbivores yaing'ono. Ngakhale gulu lalikulu akhoza kusaka ndi anthu akuluakulu. Ogwirira si wankhanza. Anthu kupewedwa. Chifukwa chikhalidwe wosindikiza iwo phokoso amatchedwa "mimbulu kuimba phiri."

Nyama zimenezi wapadera, mwatsoka, zinagwa Red Book. Sokhondinsky malo ali kunyumba kwa mitundu yoposa 10 ya nyama zimene pafupi kutha. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, m'madera ambiri a m'gawo atsekedwa anthu.

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, tionenso gophers, woodchucks, makoswe Mfuko ndi gerbils.

mbalame

Pali zoposa 125 mabanja a mbalame. Anthu a nayonso m'dera mphatso wotumbululuka ndi Nkhono Thrush, imvi oatmeal, capercaillie, khwangwala, kadzidzi Scops Kadzidzi. Mu gawo lamapiri la nayonso angapezeke ptarmigan, phiri lokwera, Accentor, Siberia chokulungira, pika ndi ena. Near nyanja nkhalango ndithu lalikulu zosiyanasiyana za mbalame. Pakati pawo Crane, wakuda dokowe, wakuda abakhawa Grebe, pochard, coot neri Al.

nsomba

Nathenje amakhala ku mitsinje ndi nyanja loyenda madzi ozizira. The nyanja samabwera kunja. Chifukwa cha mtengo waukulu malonda otsala mayunitsi anthu, kotero kuti kutchulidwa Red Book. Hucho - waukulu mitundu salmonid banja. Zimakhala meters mpaka 2 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 90. Chimakhala chiyambi pafupifupi 20,000 mazira pa nthawi.

wokhala wina ali yekha madzi oyera njoka yam'madzi. Thupi yaitali, roundish, laterally wothinikizidwa pa konsekonse. Mtundu mtundu wa dothi komanso kusintha ndi zaka. Zimakhala yogwira monga kutentha amachepetsa.

Komanso ili pa malo akupezeka Arctic Grayling, kapena rotan golovoshka, Amur Pike ndi minnow.

zomera

The zomera ali wolemera kwambiri ndi ukufanizidwa ndi ya m'mapiri Titafika pamalo nkhalango yaing'ono-Ndalankhula, deciduous ndi phiri pine. oimira 923 a mtima apamwamba anawalemba. Zoposa 71 mitundu ya zomera ndi bowa mu malo anatengedwa kukuteteza. Chifukwa zomera zimenezi, ngati catchment glandular, gentian ozizira zmeegolovnika grandiflora, Rhodiola pinnatifid ndi chetyrohnadreznogo, anyezi odnobratstvennogo, rhododendron, malo amakhala moona zedi.

Gymnosperms ankaimira Siberia paini, mkungudza elfin nkhuni, Siberia Oil, mlombwa lozhnokazatskim ndi Siberia spruce. malo ili pafupi ndi mitengo nkhalango zokhudzana - izo Gmelin larch (Dahurian) ndi Siberia.

Zokwawa ndi madzi oyera

Izi nyama si choncho ambiri. Sokhondinsky Reserve - kunyumba unatengera wothamanga wamba mphiri njoka, ndi njoka wamba, wamba mamba ndi buluzi. zokwawa awa chitakhazikitsidwa mu malo izi chifukwa anatengera kwa nyengo ya chilengedwe.

nyama madzi oyera oimira ngakhale zochepa. Ngakhale ali amatunga ndi zambiri, koma nyama analibe mphamvu pa kalasi mitundu. Apa pali kokha Siberia salamander, Siberia ndi moor achule. Izi mitundu itatu ya mndandanda amakhala atatopa.

Momwe ndikusunga?

Alendo, ndisanafikeko Sokhondinsky malo, momwe uko, mwina sadziwa. Pakuti ichi pali maulendo wapadera alendo. Start ili m'mudzi wa Kyra. M'litali njira zimadalira mlingo ndipo anapita malo: 3 Km 80 Km. Great kukwera akhoza kutenga sabata.

Njira wotchuka wotchedwa "njira ya Sitimayo inagunda". Iye ali chimodzimodzi monga anatulukira njira Sokolova. M'mphepete mwa msewu umenewu muyenera kupita masiku angapo, ndipo kutalika ndi makilomita 70. Imayamba ndi nisin gale- Sokhondo okwera. Panthawi imeneyi, apaulendo akhoza kusunga zonse M'madera a zitunda kusintha mapiri ndi ulemerero zosiyanasiyana za nyama ndi zomera.

Alendo amakonda njira imeneyi Sokhondinsky malo Trans-Baikal Gawo. Photos ndi zithunzi za malo awa ali chabe mpweya ndi kuchuluka kwake zokongola. Mathotho alendo - ichi ndi mbali ting'onoting'ono dera lonse la m'dera limeneli. Palinso malo mwayi ndi adakana. Chifukwa china ndi muyeso asachite, monga nyama kawirikawiri ndi kukhala kuchepa, ndi kuwapulumutsa - udindo wa aliyense.

Ngati mukufuna kukaona malo kwabasi zosiyanasiyana kwambiri a nyama ndi zomera, ndi kukwera mu Sokhondinsky Reserve - ndi njira yabwino. Palibe munthu angathe kukhala opanda chidwi ndi chikhalidwe chotere.