Sayansi ndi chiyani? Kodi kuphunzira sayansi

sayansi ndi chiyani? Tizilombo kapena thupi sayansi - kuphunzira njira mankhwala kuti chimayambitsa kugwira ntchito kwa thupi ndi zimene zimachitika mkati mwa selo. Cholinga cha sayansi (liwu amachokera ku mawu achigiriki «BIOS» - «moyo») monga sayansi - kuphunzira dongosolo mankhwala ndipo thupi maselo, chikhalidwe ndi njira ya malamulo ake, limagwirira njira yobweretsa mphamvu mwa selo.

Medical sayansi: chikhalidwe ndi cholinga cha sayansi

Medical sayansi - ndichiyani? Izi gawo la Tizilombo Chemistry, amene adaphunzira mipweya ya thupi, kagayidwe maselo m'menemo (kuphatikizapo zinthu pathological). Ndithudi, matenda alionse, ngakhale mu nthawi asymptomatic, n'kogwiritsa kusiya amaonekera ake pa njira mankhwala maselo, katundu maselo, zomwe zikupezeka mu zotsatira za kuwunika amuzolengedwa. Popanda kudziwa za sayansi sikutheka kupeza chifukwa cha matenda ndi njira mankhwala yothandiza kwambiri.

Amuzolengedwa kusanthula magazi

ndi Kupenda "sayansi magazi" n'chiyani? phunziro amuzolengedwa magazi anaitana mmodzi mwa njira diagnostics zasayansi m'minda ambiri mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, endocrinology, mankhwala mkati, matenda achikazi). Izi zimathandiza molondola matenda ndi kufufuza chitsanzo magazi malinga magawo:

- alanine aminotransferase (alt, alt);

- mafuta kapena mafuta m'thupi;

- bilirubin;

- urea;

- alpha-amylase, pancreatic amylase, diastase;

- shuga, lipase;

- aspartate aminotransferase (Ast, SGOT);

- Popanga madzi a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), Popanga madzi a gamma GT (glutamyl);

- creatinine, mapuloteni;

- chitetezo kwa Epstein-Barr HIV.

Thanzi aliyense ndi wofunika kwa mukudziwa chimene magazi sayansi, ndi kuzindikira kuti ntchito zake osati mfundo zonse regimens ogwira mankhwala, komanso kupewa matenda. Zolakwika ku mfundo yachibadwa - ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba kuti thupi chinachake cholakwika.

Amuzolengedwa kusanthula magazi kufufuza chiwindi: kufunika ndi cholinga

Komanso, diagnostics amuzolengedwa mpata kuwunika mphamvu ya zakambidwa matenda ndi mankhwala, kulenga chithunzi wonse kagayidwe, ndi micronutrients akusowa ziwalo. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku kumangako kwa anthu ndi kuwona ntchito chiwindi adzakhala sayansi ya chiwindi. Ndi chiyani icho? Chotero anaitana umagwirira magazi phunziro la kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la michere chiwindi. Ngati kaphatikizidwe awo wasweka, pamenepo boma likuoneka chitukuko cha matenda, njira yotupa.

Kulunjika chiwindi sayansi

Sayansi ya chiwindi - ndichiyani? chiwindi anthu wapangidwa ndi madzi, mapuloteni, michere, lipids, glycogen. zimakhala ake muli mchere: yamkuwa, yachitsulo, faifi tambala, manganese, kotero phunziro amuzolengedwa minofu chiwindi - nkhani kwambiri ndipo imathandiza kusanthula. The michere yofunika kwambiri mu chiwindi - ndi glucokinase, hexokinase. tcheru kwambiri kuti mayesero amuzolengedwa ngati chiwindi michere: alanine aminotransferase (alt), Popanga madzi a gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (Ast), zamchere phosphatase (ALP). Monga ulamuliro, kuphunzira motsogozedwa ndi ntchito a zinthuzi.

Pakuti kuwunika zonse ndi bwino thanzi lawo Aliyense ayenera kudziwa "kusanthula sayansi."

Madera kuphunzira sayansi ndi kufunika kwa kutanthauzira olondola zotsatira

Kodi kuphunzira sayansi? Choyamba njira zonse kagayidwe kachakudya, zikuchokera mankhwala a maselo, chikhalidwe mankhwala ndi ntchito ya michere, mavitamini, zidulo. Amayang'anitsitsa magazi magawo izi zimatheka ngati olondola decryption kusanthula. Ngati zonse zili bwino, mfundo magazi a magawo osiyanasiyana (shuga, mapuloteni, michere magazi) ayenera sasiya mwakale. Apo ayi, ayenera kuonedwa ngati mbendera nkhanza basa.

chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti sayansi

Kodi kumvetsa kanjedza mu zotsatira za kuwunika? Pansipa mawu olembedwa kusanthula magazi umagwirira pa magawo zofunika kwambiri.

shuga

Mlingo shuga zikusonyeza khalidwe la ndondomeko zimam'patsa kagayidwe. Mlingo Kuchepetsa amanena sayenera upambana 5.5 mmol / l. Ngati mlingo n'chozama, ndiye kungasonyeze matenda a shuga, matenda endocrine, vuto la chiwindi. misinkhu okwera shuga mwina chifukwa shuga, zolimbitsa thupi, mankhwala m'thupi.

mapuloteni

Normal magazi mapuloteni - 65-85 g / L. Low chifukwa amalankhula za kuphwanya impso, chiwindi, matenda aakulu, kutupikana, madzi m'thupi. Mkulu misinkhu mapuloteni - mbendera ya ndondomeko yotupa.

mafuta

Normal magazi mafuta - 2,97-8,79 mmol / l. mlingo chake wathanzi anthu malingana ndi kugonana, zaka, ntchito thupi, nthawi zina nyengo pa chaka. Mkulu mafuta amam'dziŵitsa ndi atherosclerosis zotheka, matenda a mtima.

urea

Kotero ife timachitcha pomalizira cha kuwonongedwa mapuloteni. Munthu akakhala wathanzi ayenera kwathunthu inathetsedwa ndi thupi mu mkodzo. Ngati izo sizitero, ndipo izo zifika ku magazi, ndiye onetsetsani kuti kugwira ntchito kwa impso.

hemoglobin

mapuloteni Ichi ndi maselo ofiira a magazi, amene osabwereranso kumeneko mpaka zitanyowetsa maselo a oxygen. Ponseponse: amuna - 130-160 g / L, atsikana - 120-150 g / L. pamlingo wochepa wa hemoglobin m'magazi ndi chimodzi cha zizindikiro kukhala magazi m'thupi.

Amuzolengedwa kusanthula magazi michere magazi (alt, Ast, CK, amylase)

Michere ndi udindo kugwira ntchito zonse a chiwindi, mtima, impso, kapamba. Popanda kuchuluka kwa kuwombola wonse amino zidulo si zotheka.

Normal chiwindi zili enzyme alanine aminotransferase (alt, alt) ndi 41 u / L amuna ndi 31 u / L kwa akazi. zili Kuchuluka amalankhula za wonongeka mtima, chiwindi, matenda a chiwindi mwina tizilombo.

Mlingo wa aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT, Ast - ndi ma enzyme mtima, impso, chiwindi) sikudzakhala kuposa 41 ndi 31 U / l amuna ndi akazi ankalemekeza .. Apo ayi, mwina zimasonyeza za matenda chitukuko cha matenda a mtima.

Lipase (puloteni yomwe imaphwanya mafuta) amasewera yofunika kwambiri kagayidwe ndipo sayenera upambana 190 u / l. misinkhu okwera limasonyeza kuphwanya ntchito kapamba.

N'zovuta Musaone tanthauzo la kusanthula amuzolengedwa wa michere magazi. sayansi Kodi ndi kuti ikufotokoza ayenera kudziwa munthu aliyense amene amasamala za thanzi lawo.

amylase

enzyme izi zimapezeka mu kapamba ndi malovu. Ndiyenso amabweretsa kuwonongedwa kwa chakudya kuloŵerera awo. Wakudziko - 28-100 U / L .. kofunikira kwambiri magazi ake angasonyeze insufficiency aimpso, cholecystitis, matenda a shuga, peritonitis.

Zotsatira za amuzolengedwa magazi zinalembedwa mwapadera, pamene kuchuluka kwa zinthu mwachindunji okhutira. Nthawi zambiri kusanthula izi Kwalamulidwa ngati kuukonza zina ndi matenda presumptive. Akamamasulira zotsatira umagwirira magazi, kukumbukira kuti iwonso bwanji wodwala jenda, zaka ndi moyo. Tsopano inu mukudziwa kuti Maphunziro a sayansi ndi kuphindula zake.

Kodi pokonzekera kumuika magazi sayansi?

Childs, magazi sayansi tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nditenge, ngati madokotala akuganiza pamaso pa:

- matenda pachimake cha ziwalo;

- kuledzera;

- beriberi;

- njira yotupa;

- chifukwa kupewa matenda pa mimba;

- kulongosolerana matenda.

chitsanzo magazi anatengedwa m'mawa, ndipo isanafike dokotala sangakhale kumeneko. Apo ayi, zotsatira kusanthula adzakhala molakwika. kafukufuku amuzolengedwa isonyeza mmene wabwino ndi kagayidwe wanu ndi mchere m'thupi. Komanso, samwa mowa tiyi wokoma, khofi, mkaka, mwina ola limodzi kapena awiri pamaso zitsanzo zosankhidwazi magazi.

Onetsetsani kuti kuyankha funso lanu, chimene sayansi pamaso yobereka kuwunika. Chidziwitso cha ndondomekoyi ndi kufunika kwake kudzakuthandizani kuti aone ukupeza ndi kukhala woyenera pankhani zaumoyo.

Kodi kutenga magazi sayansi?

ndondomeko kumatenga nthawi yochepa ndipo pafupifupi sabweretsa chisoni. A munthu atakhala malo (nthawi zina anapereka kukagona pabedi), dokotala amatenga magazi mtsempha, chisanadze tourniquet. Jekeseni malo ndi kuchitiridwa ndi antiseptic. Amapita chitsanzo aikidwa mu chubu wosabala ndipo anatumizidwa ku zasayansi kwa kusanthula.

Control pa khalidwe la maphunziro amuzolengedwa ikuchitika mu magawo angapo:

- preanalytical (yokonza wodwala, kutenga kusanthula popita labu);

- KUSANTHULA (processing ndi kusunga zinthu zamoyo n'zimene anachita, kusanthula zotsatira);

- postanalytical (kudzaza mu mawonekedwe ndi zotsatira za zasayansi ndi kusanthula matenda, kutumiza dokotala).

Khalidwe la chifukwa amadalira sayansi ya moyenera njira osankhidwa a kafukufuku, zasayansi bwino, mwandondomeko yardsticks, mwaukatswiri zida, chiyero reagents, kudya pang'ono.

sayansi tsitsi

ndi sayansi ya tsitsi chiyani? Biozavivka - ndi njira yaitali kupiringiza maloko. Kusiyana pakati pa Pemu wamba biozavivka bwino. Zikatero, osati ntchito hydrogen peroxide, amoniya, asidi thioglycolic. Ntchito ya pophika yogwira amachita analogue a cystine (mapuloteni kwachilengedwenso). Ndi choncho dzina la njira makongoletsedwe.

Ubwino undoubted monga:

- wofatsa kanthu kukonza tsitsi;

- Sambani kutali ndi mzere pakati pa regrown tsitsi poyera biozavivka;

- ndondomeko Mungathe kubwereza popanda kuyembekezera mofulumira chomaliza cha zotsatira zake.

Koma asanapite mbuye ayenera kuganizira nansy zotsatirazi:

- biozavivki luso zimakhalanso zovuta, ndipo muyenera ankatsatira kufikako kusankha mbuye;

- nedolgosrochen tingati za 1-4 miyezi (makamaka tsitsi, omwe si m'mwamba, ankaudaya, ndi dongosolo wandiweyani);

- biozavivka si wotchipa (pafupifupi 1500-3500 p.).

njira sayansi

sayansi ndi chiyani, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito kufufuza? Kusankha kwawo zimadalira zolinga ndi ntchito imene dokotala. Iwo apangidwa kuphunzira dongosolo amuzolengedwa wa khungu, kufufuza chitsanzo zolakwika zotheka mwakale pofuna kuthandiza ndi matenda a, kudziwa mphamvu ya kuchira, ndi zina zotero N..

1. Koromatogarafe (njira tichipeza mu kugawa zinthu pakati pa mbali ziwiri: makina ndipo anakakonza).
2. Centrifugation (biomaterial aikidwa mu centrifuge wapadera kupatutsa madzi kuchokera erythrocytes).
3. Electrophoresis (Njira amalola ntchito panopa kugawaniza seramu mapuloteni).
4. Khama la okwana mapuloteni mu seramu ndi biuret anachita (mapuloteni zovuta ndi anachita ndi pawiri kuti mitundu ya zinthu mayeso chibakuwa).
5. Puloteni (urease) njira mtima wa urea (reagent ntchito ngati urease enzyme). njira tichipeza chakuti mchikakamizo cha urease amang'amba urea kubala amoniya, ndiyeno anaŵerengetsera ndende ya zasayansi.
6. Chopinga kusanthula (ntchito michere monga superoxide dismutase (SOD) ayoni inapita anachita pakati okosijeni ndi elekitironi unpaired, amene amalola kuphunzira kagayidwe maselo ndi anthu ambiri michere m'magazi).

Sayansi - chimodzi mwa ziyeso yabwino kwambiri kulongosolerana, matenda, mankhwala polojekiti, kudziwa bwino chithandizo chakudya.