Chipatala thunthu mwa khutu. Kapangidwe ka khutu la munthu

Kumva limba amachita ntchito zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa moyo wonse wa anthu. Choncho n'zomveka kuphunzira akuphatikizapo mwatsatanetsatane.

khutu thunthu

Kapangidwe anatomical kwa khutu, komanso zigawo zawo amakhudza kwambiri pa ubwino mmakutu. Opaleshoni zonse za nchito imeneyi zimatengera ufulu kulankhula. Choncho, makutu wathanzi, munthu kosavuta kuti agwire ntchito yofunika kwambiri. zizindikiro zimenezi ndi chifukwa chakuti thunthu olondola a makutu n'kofunika.

Poyamba ankaona Kapangidwe ka chiwalo cha kumva tiyenera kuyamba ndi makutu kuti poyamba limagwira maso a omwe sali odziwa phunziro la thunthu la munthu. Malowa ali pamtunda pakati pa mastoid ndi mbali kumbuyo kwa kanthawi mandibular olowa kutsogolo. Ndi chifukwa cha maganizo pinna mawu ndi munthu wopambana. Komanso, ndi gawo ili la khutu uli wamtengo wapatali zodzikongoletsera.

Monga m'munsi mwa auricle akhoza anatsimikiza chichereŵechereŵe mbale, amene makulidwe si upambana 1 mm. Mbali zonse izo ataphimbidwa ndi khungu ndi perichondrium. khutu thunthu Ikufotokozanso chakuti mbali imodzi ya mthunzi, wopanda mafupa cartilaginous, ndi Lobe. Amakhala okulira khungu mafuta. The auricle ali ndi otukukira kunja mkati gawo ndi concave akunja, mmene khungu mwamphamvu adherent kuti perichondrium lapansi. Ponena za mkati mwa mthunzi, ndi Dziwani kuti kudera minofu connective anayamba zambiri noticeable.

Fastens ndi pinna kuti zygomatic ndi ndondomeko mastoid ndi mamba mafupa kanthawi ndi minofu ndi Mitsemphayi.

thunthu kunja khutu

Kunja Makutu meatus akhoza limanenedwa ngati kupitiriza wachibadwa wa M'mimbamo cha mthunzi. M'litali wamkulu pafupifupi 2.5 cm. Awiri akhoza zimasiyana masentimita 0,7 kuti 0,9. Mbali imeneyi ya khutu ali mawonekedwe wa lumen wa khunyu kapena anamaliza. The gawo lakunja la ngalande khutu akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo ziwiri zikuluzikulu: lakunja membranous-cartilaginous ndi Bony mkati. Last akutsika ku likalowa m'makutu, womwe alekanitsa pakati ndi akunja khutu.

Dziwani kuti kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za kutalika kwa Makutu meatus kunja amatenga membranous-cartilaginous gawo. Koma dipatimenti fupa, iye amapeza chabe gawo lachitatu. Monga maziko membranous-cartilaginous dipatimenti akutumikira kupitiriza chichereŵechereŵe khutu, ndilo ngati poyera chute kumbuyo. mafupa ake cartilaginous usokoneze santorinievye vertically akuthamanga slits. Iwo anatseka ndi minofu fibrous. Malirewo meatus lamayimbidwe ndi parotid England ili ndendende pamalo pomwe kusiyana deta. Ndipotu ikufotokoza n'zotheka kudwala matenda, amene anaonekera mu khutu lakunja mu England parotid. Iwo ankadziwa kuti matenda mwina kufalitsa mu dongosolo iwowo.

Amene mfundo zogwirizana pansi pa mutu wakuti "thunthu la makutu", muyenera kulabadira chakuti membranous-cartilaginous gawo la fupa chikugwirizana ku gawo la kunja Makutu meatus ndi minofu fibrous. Mbali yopapatiza kwambiri angapezeke pakati pa khadi. Iye wotchedwa Korinto.

Mu membranous-cartilaginous dipatimenti ya pakhungu lili sulfure ndi zopangitsa sebaceous, ndi tsitsi. Iwo katulutsidwe wa zopangitsa izi, komanso mamba a khungu, amene wakhala akuphedwa, aumbike cerumen.

Mpanda wa Makutu meatus kunja

Khutu Anatomy ndi zikuphatikizapo nkhani makoma osiyanasiyana amene anakonza mu ndime wakunja;

• Akunja khoma fupa. Ngati zimenezi zachitika, chigaza wovulala, chotsatira chake kungakhale liquorrhea ndi magazi kuchokera ngalande khutu.
• Mpanda kutsogolo. Iwo lili kumalire ndi temporomandibular nsagwada olowa. Kulanda mwiniwake apita ku nsagwada kayendedwe membranous-cartilaginous gawo la ndime kunja. ululu mwadzidzidzi akhoza limodzi ndondomeko kutafuna mu nkhani ngati pali kutupa mpanda zapambuyo.

• Pankhani ya anthu kuphunzira khutu thunthu ndi kumbuyo khoma la ngalande akunja khutu, amene alekanitsa yotsirizira ku maselo mastoid. Patsinde pa mpandawo umachitika mitsempha nkhope.
• Pansi khoma. Gawo ili la ndimeyi akunja alekanitsa izo kwa malovu parotid England. Poyerekeza ndi pamwamba ndi yaitali ndi 4-5 mm.

Innervation ndi magazi kuwonjezera limba kumva

ntchitozo ayenera kulabadira kwenikweni amene kuphunzira Kapangidwe ka khutu la munthu. Makutu limba thunthu zikuphatikizapo mudziwe zambiri zokhudza innervation ake yomwe ikuchitika ndi mitsempha trigeminal, ndi vagus nthambi mitsempha khutu ndi plexus khomo lachiberekero. Pankhaniyi, ndi zapambuyo auricular mitsempha amapereka achikalekale kundipatsako kwa mitsempha, minofu ya khutu, ngakhale udindo wao zinchito akhoza limanenedwa ngati otsika zokwanira.

Pa nkhani ya kusowa magazi Dziwani kuti kotunga magazi amaperekedwa ku dongosolo la mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid.

kotunga magazi ndi pinna wopangidwa mwa ofunika kanthawi ndi zapambuyo mtsempha wamagazi auricular. gulu limodzi ndi ziwiya nthambi ya maxillary mtsempha wamagazi zapambuyo auricular ndi kupereka magazi m'madera zozama za khutu ndi Kakhungu tympanic makamaka.

Chichereŵechereŵe ali zoyendetsedwa ndi ziwiya ili mu perichondrium lapansi.

Mu mitu monga "kaswili ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa kwa khutu", ndi bwino kuganizira njira ya ngalande venous mu gawo ili la thupi ndi kayendedwe ka lymph. magazi Venous masamba khutu la khutu mmbuyo ndi otsika kumbuyo-mandibular mtsempha.

Ponena lymph, outflow ake kwa khutu lakunja imagwiridwa ndi mfundo zimene zili kutsogolo mastoid wa tragus, ndipo khoma pansi pa akunja ngalande Makutu.

likalowa m'makutu

Mbali imeneyi ya chiwalo cha kumva akutumikira monga kulekana kwa khutu lakunja ndi pakati. Ndipotu, ndi translucent fibrous mbale, amene ali mphamvu zokwanira ndi akufanana mawonekedwe a chowulungika ndi.

Popanda umboni si kwathunthu ntchito khutu. Kaswili dongosolo likalowa m'makutu kuulula mwatsatanetsatane okwanira: kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi 10 mm, pamene m'lifupi ndi 8-9 mm. Choona chidwi n'chakuti ana kuti mbali ya chiwalo cha kumva ndi pafupi zofanana monga akuluakulu. Kusiyana kokha yafupika mawonekedwe ake - adakali mwana, iye anamaliza ndi chimaonekadi chachikulu. Ngati timatenga Buku mfundo kunja Makutu meatus olamulira, kwa izo drumhead oyenerera obliquely pa pachimake ngodya (pafupifupi 30 °).

Tikumbukenso kuti mbale ili mu poyambira wa ng'oma CHIKWANGWANI-chichereŵechereŵe mphete. Mothandizidwa ndi mafunde likalowa m'makutu lamayimbidwe akuyamba kunjenjemera ndi transmits oscillations khutu pakati.

tympanum

Chipatala thunthu la khutu pakati zikuphatikizapo nkhani matabwa ake ndi ntchito. Mbali imeneyi ya chiwalo cha kumva amatanthauza tympanum, komanso chubu Makutu ndi dongosolo la maselo pneumatic. M'mimbamo palokha - ndi danga kagawo ngati, amene makoma 6 akhoza kukhala wolemekezeka.

Komanso, mu khutu pakati ndi mafupa khutu atatu - Chipala nyundo ndi stirrup. N'zokhudza ndi sustavchikov yaing'ono. Pankhaniyi, nyundo ndi umakhala pafupi likalowa m'makutu a. Ndi udindo amaonera mafunde phokoso kudzera mwa Kakhungu chingachititse nyundo akuyamba kunjenjemera. Zotsatira za kugwedera imafalikira Chipala ndi stapes, ndiyeno khutu lake lamkati Yankho. Izi ndi thunthu ya khutu la munthu mu gawo pakati pace.

Kodi khutu lamkati

Mbali imeneyi ya chiwalo cha kumva mu fupa kanthawi ndi m'dera akufanana ndi ndikuyenda. Mu gawo ili la analandira mafunde phokoso akusinthika ku zikhumbo magetsi wotumidwa kwa ubongo. Only pambuyo akamaliza ndondomeko imeneyi, munthu akhoza kuyankha kuchimva.

Nkofunika kulabadira mfundo yakuti mu khutu mkati lili m'ngalande semicircular. Ili ndi zogwirizana ndi anthu amene aphunzira Kapangidwe ka khutu la munthu. Matenda a gawo ili la limba kumva ali ndi maganizo a machubu atatu omwe mkati mawonekedwe ndi Arc. Iwo zili ndege atatu. Chifukwa dipatimenti kudwala kwa khutu kungakhale monyanyira mu dongosolo vestibular.

thunthu kupanga phokoso

Pamene kulira mphamvu akulowa khutu mkati, izo n'kukhala nyemba. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha peculiarities dongosolo khutu la phokoso mafunde kufalikira mofulumira kwambiri. A chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi ndi pakutchulidwa a kuthamanga hydrostatic, chinapangitsa kuloza mbale chivundikirocho. Chifukwa, mapindikidwe wa maselo tsitsi stereocilia, amene akubwera mu mkhalidwe malemeredwe, ntchito manyuroni imalandira popereka mfundo.

Pomaliza

N'zosavuta kuona kuti kapangidwe ka khutu anthu imavuta kwambiri. Pachifukwa chimenechi, n'kofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kumva thupi kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ndi kulepheretsa chitukuko cha matenda zapezeka mderali. Apo ayi, mungapeze vuto limeneli, pamene kuphwanya amaonera phokoso. Chifukwa chaichi, pamene zizindikiro woyamba ngakhale ang'ono, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kulipira ulendo dokotala ndi kwambiri oyenerera.