SATA (mawonekedwe): mitundu ndi liwiro

Mwinamwake, aliyense wa ife pakusankha kagawo ka kompyuta akukumana ndi mayina osamvetsetseka omwe angakhudze kugwirizana kwa zipangizo. Kotero, osamvetsetsa ndi zofunikira zofunika, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akulandira kulephera kwake kapena mavuto ena ofanana.

Kawirikawiri, kufunika kowerenga interfaces sikunayang'ane ndi iwo amene anagula PC yotsirizidwa. Izi ndizofunikira kwa iwo omwe amatha kusonkhanitsa dongosololo, kuchokera ku bokosi la bokosi kupita kumalo otentha, kapena omwe ali ndi vuto ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo ndikusowa m'malo.

Ichi ndi chiani?

Chiwonetsero cha SATA ndi mawonekedwe ndi dera lozungulira lomwe limakupatsani inu kusinthanitsa uthenga ndi magalimoto. Bokosi la bokosi liri ndi chojambulira cha SATA, ndipo chojambulira chomwecho chikuphatikizidwa mu chida.

Yambani

Ogwirizanitsawa akuwonekera chifukwa cha kale lomwe, ndi dzina lofanana la ATA. Ili ndi dera lofanana, koma linali lodziwika bwino, makamaka mu 2017. Kawirikawiri, m'malo mwake anayamba kukonzedwa mu 2000. Kenaka kampaniyo Intel inasonkhanitsa okha akatswiri amene alowetsa gulu lapadera la omanga. Kotero izi zikuphatikizidwa tsopano ndi anzawo omwe amadziwika bwino Seagate, Dell, Quantum, Maxtor, ndi ena.

Patapita zaka zingapo, mawonekedwe a hard drive a SATA anakhala enieni kwa opanga zipangizo. Mu 2002, mabotolo oyambirira omwe ali ndi chojambulira ichi anadza pamsika. Idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga deta yofalitsa kudzera mu zipangizo zamagetsi. Chaka chotsatira chimayambitsidwa m'mabuku amakono.

Watsopano

Ndiyenera kunena kuti zachilendozi zimagwirizana pa mapulogalamu a mafayili ndi zipangizo zonse za hardware ndipo ndizofalitsa deta kwambiri. Ngati PATA ali ndi ochezera 40, ndiye pali zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha za SATA. Chingwecho chimakhala ndi malo ochepa, choncho kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, choncho zipangizozi sizidutsa. Zophweka kwambiri tsopano ndi mawaya mkati mwa dongosolo.

Chingwecho chinapangidwanso bwino, kotero simungachite mantha chifukwa cha matendawa pambuyo pa kugwirizana kochuluka. Mphamvu yamagetsi imasinthidwanso. Mwa njirayi, imapereka mavoti atatu kamodzi pamitsinje angapo: +12, +5 ndi +3.3 V. Poganizira kuti zipangizo zamakono zasinthira ntchito ya +3.3 V mzere, choncho, kaŵirikaŵiri pulogalamu yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito Ikuyenda muyinthu yokhala ndi bolodi lamasamba: IDE pa SATA. Pali zothandizira kuti, kuphatikizapo kupereka SATA, akhoza kupeza mawonekedwe a Molex.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti mawonekedwe a SATA atulukira njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito PATA yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Tsopano kawirikawiri zipangizo ziwiri zimayikidwa pa thumba limodzi. Chipangizo chilichonse chinakhala ndi waya, choncho tsopano zimagwira ntchito mosiyana, mosiyana. Kotero inu mwachotsa mavuto ochuluka okhudzana ndi ntchito imodzimodzimodzi, kukhazikitsa kwa dongosolo, zingwe zopanda kanthu, ndi zina zotero.

Zosiyanasiyana

Monga tanenera kale, mawonekedwewa adalandira mitundu iwiri: pinipi 7, yachiwiri-pinini. Njira yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza deta yamtundu, njira yachiwiri yapangidwira kwambiri mphamvu. Mtengo umalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kusintha, kotero mwinamwake 15-pin imasintha mtundu wa Molex umene uli ndi mayina 4. Koma muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati mutayendetsa magulu awiri a mphamvu, chipangizocho chilephera ndipo muyenera kugula china chatsopano.

Maonekedwe a SATA amayendetsa amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zofalitsira uthenga: kuchokera ku chipangizo mpaka kulamulira ndi kumbuyo. Ife tinapereka muyezo ndi matekinoloje a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pali ntchito ya LVDS yomwe imayambitsa kutumiza ma signal.

Mitundu yotereyi siimatha. Palinso mawonekedwe a pinini 13, omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri pamaseva, zipangizo komanso zipangizo zina zochepa. Chojambulira ichi chikuphatikizidwa ndipo chimapangidwa ndi 7- ndi 6-pin. Pali adaputala pa nkhaniyi.

Kusinthidwa kwa Mini

Tisanaphunzire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya SATA, tifunika kutchulapo za chipangizo china chomwe chinawoneka pazokonzanso 2.6. Baibulo la slimline linapangidwa kuti likhale ndi zipangizo zing'onozing'ono. Awa ndi oyendetsa optola pa laptops. Ponena za kalembedwe yake, zonsezi zimagwirizana, chifukwa pali kusiyana kwazomwe zimagwirizanitsa mphamvu, ndipo chiwerengero cha ochezerawo chachepetsedwa. Kuwonjezera apo, chojambulirachi chimagwirira ntchito pa mzere umodzi wa magetsi +5 V. Koma mwachidziwitso pa chojambulirachi pali magalimoto otsika mtengo.

Mtundu woyamba

Zosakaniza za disks za SATA zimaperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kwa zaka 15 zapitazi, zakhala zikuyendetsedwa bwino, zowonjezereka, zosinthidwa ndikukonzedwanso. Zotsatira zake, kukonzanso koyamba kunatuluka mofulumira mpaka 1.5 Gbit / s. Mndandandawo unayambitsidwa mu 2003. Zinapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito pafupipafupi 1.5 Hz, zomwe zinapereka mphamvu ya 150 MB / s. Poganizira kuti izi ndi zoyesayesa kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe, zotsatirazi zinali zofanana ndi zotsatira za Ultra ATA. Ngakhale ziwerengero zomwezo, adakali ndi mwayi wopambana kwambiri ndi basi m'malo mofanana.

Wina angaganize kuti chipangizochi chikadali chotsika mofulumira, koma zofooka zonse zidaperekedwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito pafupipafupi. Njirayi inalipo chifukwa chakuti kusinthana kwa njira sikunali kofunikira, ndipo chitetezo cha phokoso cha chingwe chinakula.

Mtundu wachiwiri

Kufufuza kwachiwiri kunadziwika chaka chotsatira. Liwiro lake lawonjezeka kwambiri, monga nthawi zambiri. Tsopano ndondomeko inagwira ntchito pa 3 GHz, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a 3 Gb / s. Zina mwazinthu zatsopano zinanenanso maonekedwe a kampani ya chipset nForce 4. Zomwe zinachitika kuti nthawi yomweyo palibe yemwe anazindikira kuti zonse zomwe zamasinthidwa zinali zitatha kukhala zovomerezeka. Ngakhale kuti ziphunzitsozi zinali zogwirizana, ngati timaganizira zofanana ndi liwiro. Koma zowona kuti zipangizo zina ndi olamulira amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi, zonsezi zimayenera kuti zisinthidwe mosasinthika.

Mtundu wachitatu

Kafukufukuyu anadziwika pokhapokha patatha zaka zisanu, mu 2008. Liwiro la mawonekedwe a SATA anali kale 6 Gb / s. Okonzanso ayesa kusunga machitidwe osati zong'amba chabe ndi zogwirizanitsa, komanso kusinthana kwa malamulo.

Zatsopano pambuyo pake zinalandira maulosi ena awiri. Kotero panali mitundu 3.1 ndi 3.2. Njira yoyamba inapeza mSATA, yotchedwa kusankha kwa mafoni. Chinanso chinadziwika kuti matekinoloje, momwe galimoto yotseguka mu modelo loyima kuyima kutaya mphamvu. Kulimbitsa ntchito ya ma drive-SSD, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti azidziwika. Ndiponso, Kukonzekera 3.1 kuli ndi chizindikiro chodziwika ndi mphamvu za chipangizo ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa.

Kukonzanso 3.2 kunalandira dzina lina la Express. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kasintha, kumene doko likuwoneka ngati osonkhana awiri osonkhana m'litali. Kotero, zinakhala zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya ma drive ndi SATA ndi SATA Express. Liwiro likuwonjezeka kufika 8 Gb / s, ngati mutseguka podutsa pa doko imodzi, ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito palimodzi - 16 Gb / s. Zina mwazo, mawonekedwe achinenero kwawongosoledwe ichi ndi mawonekedwe atsopano a μSSD.

Zosiyanasiyana

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu yofunikira, mawonekedwe (HDD) SATA adasinthidwa. Kotero mu 2004 adadziwika eSATA, omwe amalola kugwirizanitsa zipangizo zakunja, pamene zinali zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito "malo otentha".

Muyeso uwu uli ndi zinthu zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, zolumikiza sizowonongeka monga mtundu woyambirira. Zidalengedwa mwachindunji kuti zitha kugwirizana. Sindigwirizana ndi SATA, komanso amalandira chitetezo cha chojambulira.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtundu umenewu, m'pofunika kupeza mawaya awiri, pakati pawo muli deta ya deta komanso chingwe cha mphamvu. Chinasankhidwanso kupititsa waya mpaka mamita 2, kuti malire asakhale aakulu, mayendedwe amasintha.

Zachepa

Mu 2009, panali SATA-mawonekedwe ena, koma ndi magawo ochepa. Mini-SATA imatengedwa ngati mawonekedwe a machitidwe olimba. Kawirikawiri zipangizo zoterozo zili ndi miyeso yaing'ono ya 61x30x3 mm. Ma disks ovutawa amaikidwa mu netbooks ndi zipangizo zina zomwe amavomereza zochepa za SSD disks. Jack kwa iwo amatchedwa mSATA ndipo amasindikiza PCI Express Mini Card. Pakati pawokha, mitundu yonse iwiri imagwirizana ndi magetsi, koma imayenera kusintha.

Kulephera

Komanso kudziwika ndi dziko ndi eSATAp, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku eSATA. Ntchito yake yaikulu inali kuphatikiza mawonekedwe ndi USB2.0. Kupindula kwake kunkaonedwa ngati kusamutsidwa kwa chidziwitso kupyolera muzitsulo +5 ndi +12 V. Panalinso njira yoyenera kwa laptops.

Maganizo

Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe a SATA akugwirabe ntchito mwakagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, amayamba ndikulengedwa, mafananidwe ambiri amapezeka pamsika, omwe m'tsogolomu akhoza kukhala m'malo mwa mchitidwewu. SAS, mwachitsanzo, ndiwowonjezereka, wodalirika kwambiri, ngakhale kuti ndi okwera mtengo. Zimagwirizana ndi SATA, koma zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

Bingu linasonyezanso mbali yabwino. Zapangidwe kuti zigwirizane zowonjezera ku PC. Kuwonetsedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 2010. Intel yakhazikitsa mtundu uwu kuti isinthe malo onse otchuka. Ulendo wofalitsa umatha kufika pa 10 Gbit / s, kutalika kwake kufika mamita 3, kumathandizira machitidwe ambiri othandiza, komanso mwayi wa "kutsegula".