Cubism - ndi chiyani ichi? Cubism zaluso. Oimira malangizo ndi chithunzi cha kalembedwe Cubism

Zikamera wa Cubism wa chaka 1906-1907. Kutacha ndipo anayambitsa kukuchititsa zimenezi makamaka France (oimira chabwino ndi Picasso, H. G. Griss ndi Ukwati), komanso mayiko ena.

Cubism ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni tiyese funso limeneli. Cubism - chapadera luso kayendedwe, amene chinenero zachokera mapindikidwe wa zinthu, kuwonongeka awo mu ndege zojambula, kusuntha mawonekedwe.

The lingaliro lalikulu lomwe inamangidwa, panali pofuna kufotokoza zovuta, kusiyana kwa zenizeni ozungulira mothandizidwa ndi zitsanzo yosavuta okhudza malo ndi mitundu zodabwitsa ndi zinthu. Zikamera wa azimuth izi zasintha zambiri mwa mfundo anakhazikitsa ndi zokongoletsa mfundo kupenta European. Oimira cubism anathyola ndi "Kuzindikira kuwala" kusiya chikhalidwe chinthu luso zithunzi, kuchokera moyenera chiaroscuro ngati kokha kudzera mwa akuti luso.

Pablo Picasso

Kuti zimenezi zitheke, wa zojambula mu ntchito yake wakhala yodziwika ndi ntchito masitaelo angapo nthawi imodzi. Picasso nawonso ayamba njira zosiyana kwathunthu kuti afotokoze maganizo awo.

Mungapeze ndi cubist kupenta, kumalire ndi dziko abstractionism ndi Kuzindikira pa ntchito yake. Nthawi zina, kuti atsale monga unachoka chikhalidwe chakale luso chabwino, kuti atabwerera ku njira ya zimathandizadi luso ankaona. Komabe, chithunzicho analenga zithunzi zidzasintha ndipo komabe lifes mu kalembedwe cubism. Iwo anali ntchito zimathandizadi zinalembedwa inimitable, kalembedwe payekha. Traditional luso media, amene ntchito ndi wolemba, ndi yankho la mavuto masiku ano. Mmodzi wa zithunzi woyamba utoto kalembedwe cubism, chithunzi "Les Demoiselles d'Avignoni" ndi Pablo Picasso. Izi ntchito luso ndi yodziwika ndi yachilendo grotesque: kuno amasonyeza kanjedza coarsened popanda zinthu za chiaroscuro ndi kaonedwe kuperekedwa monga kuphatikiza mabuku linakwiriridwa ndege.

mbali khalidwe

French wotsutsa L. Vaucelles anayambitsa mawu akuti "Cubist" mu 1908 monga dzina onyoza ojambula zithunzi zosonyeza zenizeni ndi thandizo la zonse zojambula akalumikidzidwa atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena (yamphamvu, phirilo kyubu, NW). ntchito munali mavuto miyambo ya zimathandizadi luso. Zojambula mu kalembedwe cubism kukopa osiyana mitundu austerity, kuti chogwirika, njira yosavuta komanso zolinga zikuluzikulu (mwachitsanzo, ziwiya, mtengo kapena nyumba). bwino kwambiri, mbali kumaonekera ntchito zake zoyambirira "Cezanne" nthawi (1907-1909). Wojambula P. Cézanne limatsindika polojekiti ndiponso dziko cholinga; faceted mabuku, amene amagwiritsa monga kutengerapo chida image, kupanga mtundu wa mpumulo, ndi mitundu zimatulutsa mbali zina za zinthu nthawi yomweyo kulimbikitsa ndi kusweka buku. Siteji yotsatira chitukuko cha Cubism - "mawunikidwe" (1910-1912). phunziro agawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, mosavuta mbali ndi mzake, ndi maonekedwe ake ankaoneka kufalitsa pa chinsalu cha. Last, ndi "kupanga" Iyi (1912-1914) kwambiri kukongoletsa, zojambula zokongola ndi planar mapanelo, pali zinthu textural - nyumba yolimba, zomata (collages), ufa ... Pa nthawi yomweyo, akutulukira ndi cubist chosema. Picasso ndi Braque zojambula zambiri monga zilembo kapena mawu. Zolembedwa izi ndi zambiri sagwirizana ndi wokhutira, koma anathandiza alendo kumvetsa chionetsero za pakati kwa ziboliboli.

Zimene omvera

Omvera ntchito za Cubists mankhwala Izitu n'zovutitsa, nthawi zina endowing iwo achipongwe unflattering ndi kuwanyodola. Makina kusindikizidwa nkhanza kutsutsa, ndi chikhalidwe chake nthawi zina asayandikire kwa kumuyalutsa anthu. Amaonetsa amapezeka pa chionetsero cha Cubist zojambula, akukumana zomverera kuti angayerekezedwe ndi mphamvu anthu, kupita ku ulendo wabwino, koma m'malo analandira anapemphedwa kuchita nawo ntchito yomanga misewu yatsopano.

Zimenezi chikutsimikizira kuti kusintha kwa malowa mofulumira zinachitika, ngakhale nthawi yaitali lokonzekera, imene omvera likulu, inayenera wotsegula M'maso wanu kwambiri. Komabe, cubism ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa kalembedwe izi, ngati mbali zina za omvera ndi kumbuyo kwa ogula.

Mphamvu ya Cubism luso

Zotsatira kwambiri chitukuko cha maganizo a kulenga. Cubism zaluso anasonyeza zochita yatsopano ya moyo mu mbali zonse ndi zotsutsana: Kufunafuna democratization - kuzindikira za primitivism, kukana munthu, chipinda mseri; chikhulupiriro mu sayansi - chilakolako kulenga "kalembedwe ka luso," kufunafuna njira cholinga.

Lero, munthu aliyense osakondera, akutama ntchito za Impressionist, momveka chimasiyanitsa msonkhano bwino kuti ife maluwa. Koma anaonekeranso zonse zinkaoneka kuti Cubism - ndi kusintha kwenikweni mu luso. Iwo ri malangizo zigawo zonse zilipo kupenta. Image mtundu, maonekedwe ndi liniya imeneyo, analandira mabuku ndi makonzedwe.

Cubism ku Russia

M'nyengo yapitayi zikamera wa Cubism, mu dziko lathu, monga France, ndi chidwi kukula mu wowerengeka, zilandiridwenso chikhalidwe. Panthawi imeneyi, achinyamata Russian ojambula zithunzi anali yodziwika osati kungofuna "wosazindikira" luso (kuphatikizapo African), komanso kukhumba kwa inviolability wa okhwima, mapulani zikuchokera, komanso kukhulupirira chitsanzo zina ndi mungoli zokumana ically masamu.

Mu ntchito aluso ambiri Russian wa malo ena Cubism (zomwe Chagall, Lentulov, Archipenko, Altman ndi ena). Komabe, chithunzi chapakati Ndithu Kazimir Malevich. Ntchito yake pedagogical ndi zinthu, komanso ntchito ongolankhula anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mapangidwe njira yamakono.

"Black Square"

Mwina mungaganize kuti palibe mosavuta kuposa kudzatunga apakati wakuda pa maziko woyera. Izi angaimire, mwinamwake, munthu aliyense. Koma pano pali chithunzi: izi kupenta wotchuka ndi Russian wojambula Malevich akadali amakopa chidwi cha ofufuza ndi okonda zojambulajambula, ngakhale kuti analengedwa pachiyambi cha m'ma lomaliza. Monga chinthu chachinsinsi, monga nthano, monga chizindikiro cha Russian avant-garde ...

Akuti chithunzicho, popeza kwalembedwa "Black Square", sanamvetse zimene iye anachita, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali sankadya kapena kugona. Ndipotu, ntchito yovuta zinacitikila pachithunzipa chikhalepo. Ndipotu, pamene inu muyang'ana pa izo, mng'alu amakhala distinguishable zigawo m'munsi - wobiriwira, pinki, zikuoneka, panali ena mtundu zikuchokera, koma wolemba ankaona izo zinalephereka ndipo analemba pa izo apakati wakuda. ntchito imeneyi luso anali couched mu kalembedwe cubism. Malevich ndi zojambula anali osiyanasiyana, koma ankakhulupirira kuti anali "Black Square" ndi chimake cha ntchito yake yolenga.