Russian ndakatulo za zana la 20. Zilandiridwenso ndakatulo zaka 19-20

The kwambiri Russian wolemba limakhulupirira Gorky anati "mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma 19 akuonetsedwa zikhumbo zazikulu za mzimu, m'maganizo ndi mumtima mwa munthu wojambula zoona." Izi zikupezeka mu ntchito za olemba a zana la 20. Pambuyo ulimi wa 1905, nkhondo Ine ndi Civil nkhondo, dziko linayamba apasuke ngati. Panali disharmony chikhalidwe ndi ntchito kubwerera zonse zakale akutenga mabuku. Mu Russia anayamba kudzutsa palokha nthanthi ganizo panali mumaganiza latsopano la zojambulajambula, olemba ndi ndakatulo za m'ma 20 makhalidwe ndi kukambapo ndi kukanidwa makhalidwe akale.

Kodi izo, mabuku pa pamapeto a zaka zana?

Mu malo classicism zaluso anabwera chimakono, ungathe kugawidwa mu nthambi zingapo: ophiphiritsa, Acmeism, futurism, imagism. Ndinapitiriza zimasangalala Kuzindikira, imene dziko mkati akuonetsedwa malinga ndi vuto ake ena; zokomera Kuzindikira sanalole podzudzula maulamuliro, kotero olemba ntchito yake kuyesera kulera ndale. Pa zaka golide za siliva anatsatira maganizo awo molimba mtima kwatsopano ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana. ndakatulo za ndakatulo za m'ma 20 zinalembedwa malinga ndi njira zina ndi kalembedwe: chifukwa kulemba Mayakovsky a amakhala ndi makwerero, chifukwa Khlebnikov - occasionalisms ake ambiri chifukwa Severianin - zachilendo nyimbo.

Kuyambira Futurism kuti Kuzindikira Socialist

Mu ophiphiritsa a ndakatulo ikufotokozanso wina chizindikiro, lingaliro, kotero tanthauzo la ntchito kungakhale Mipikisano ofunika. Akuluakulu oimira anali Zinaida Gippius, Alexander Blok, wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Iwo ali mu kufufuza zonse zolinga wosatha, pamene ankanena kuti zongoganiza. Mu 1910, mavuto a ophiphiritsa - malingaliro onse kale ankaiphwasula, ndi owerenga sadzapeza chilichonse chatsopano mu ndakatulo ndi.

The Futurism kwathunthu negate miyambo yakale. Pomasulira, ndi mawu otanthauza "luso la m'tsogolo", olemba kuti anakopeka omvera ozunguza mwano kumva. Ndakatulo ya zikuchikazi - Vladimir Mayakovsky ndi Osip Mandelstam - yodziwika ndi zikuchokera choyambirira ndi mawu nonce (mawu wolemba).

Socialist Kuzindikira ndi ntchito anaika antchito maphunziro mu mzimu wa sosholizimu. Writers anasonyeza kuti zinthu zenizeni anthu mu chitukuko chosintha. Andakatulo anaima makamaka Marina Tsvetaeva, ndi novelists - limakhulupirira Gorky, Mikhail Sholokhov, Yevgeny Zamyatin.

Kuyambira acmeism kuti novokrestyanskoy nyimbo

Imagism anatuluka mu Russia mu zaka zoyambirira pambuyo zisinthe. Ngakhale izi, SERGEY Esenin ndi Anatoly Mariengof osati amasonyezedwa zilandiridwenso maganizo ndiponso ndale. Oimira kukuchititsa zimenezi ankanena kuti ndakatuloyi ayenera zooneka, kotero iwo satero stint pa mafanizo a, achipongwe, ndiponso njira zina akuti luso.

Oimira novokrestyanskoy mawu anapempha kuti ntchito zake mwambo wowerengeka, ife kusirira moyo wakumudzi. Chinali Russian wolemba ndakatulo wa zaka za m'ma 20 SERGEY Esenin. ndakatulo yake - woyera mtima, ndipo wolemba limafotokoza iwo chikhalidwe ndi chimwemwe yosavuta anthu, kunena za miyambo Aleksandra Pushkina ndi Mikhail Lermontov. Pambuyo ulimi wa 1917 anali m'malo mwa sakhalitsa kusangalala kukhumudwa.

Mawu akuti "Acmeism" amatanthauza "ndi nthawi pachimake." Alakatuli kwa zaka za m'ma 20, Nikolai Gumilev, Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam ndi SERGEY Gorodetsky ntchito kubwerera kumbuyo ndi Russia kuwalandira kuganizira chisangalalo moyo, momveka wamaganizo, kuphweka ndi kufupika. Iwo ankawoneka kuti abwerere mavuto, mokoma chinayandama pansi pa mtsinje, kunena kuti n'zosatheka kudziwa zimene sakuzidziwa.

Ndi akatswiri maganizo kuchuluka kwa ndakatulo Bunin a

Ivan anali ndakatulo moyo pa mphambano ya Nthawi ziwiri, ntchito zinasonyeza zochitika kugwirizana ndi isanayambike Masiku ano, iye anapitiriza mwambo wa Pushkin. Mu ndakatulo "Madzulo" amabwera kwa wowerenga kuganiza kuti chimwemwe osati chuma, koma munthu wokhalapo: "Ine onani, kumva, wodala - zonse mwa ine." Ntchito zina, ndi ngwazi m'nyimbo akulola kuti aganizire waufupi wa moyo, kumakhaladi chifukwa chisoni.

Bunin ndi chinkhoswe mu kulemba ntchito mu Russia ndi kudziko lina pambuyo utasintha anatumiza andakatulo ambiri m'zaka za m'ma 20. Mu Paris, amamva ngati mlendo - "mbalame ali chisa, chirombo adya dzenje", ndi dziko lakwawo, anataya. Bunin ndi chipulumutso chake mu talente analandira Nobel Prize mu 1933, ndipo mu Russia amati ndi mdani wa anthu, koma lekani kalembedwe.

Chibadwidwe lyricist, wolemba ndakatulo kicker

SERGEY Yesenin anali Imagist ndi kulenga mawu atsopano, ndi kukweza mawu akufa mwa kamodzi iwo mafano yowala ndakatulo. Sukulu, anayamba rogues wotchuka n'kupita nazo mwa khalidwe la moyo wake wonse, anali frequenter la alendo, zochitika wotchuka chikondi. Komabe, iye anali kutifotokozera amakonda kwawo: "ndidzayimba ndi zanga zonse kukhala mlakatuli-chimodzi cha dziko ndi maina Short" Lazaro "- andakatulo ambiri kwa zaka za m'ma 20 adagawa kusirira dziko lakwawo. The nthanthi mawu Esenina imasonyeza vuto la padziko Pambuyo 1917, ndakatulo iyi adzakhumudwa mu. zisinthe, chifukwa mmalo mwa yaitali moyo m'paradaiso wakhala ngati gehena.

Usiku, street, nyali, ogulitsa mankhawala ...

Alexander Blok - ndi wanzeru kwambiri Russian ndakatulo za m'ma 20, amene analemba "ikuimira". N'zochititsa chidwi kuona mmene zosonkhanitsira mu zopereka ndi zamoyo wa fano wamkazi: kuchokera Chokongola Lady kwa mokhudza Carmen. Ngati poyamba iye deifies chinthu cha chikondi chake, n'zoona iye sanayese n'komwe kutsitsa, kenako atsikana akuoneka iye zolengedwa zambiri wamba. Kupyolera dziko zodabwitsa za romanticism anapeza tanthauzo, kudutsa zovuta za moyo, iye amayankha ndakatulo yake pa zochitika zofunika anthu. Mu ndakatulo "khumi," iye lingaliro kuti zisinthe - simathero a dziko, ndipo cholinga chake chachikulu ndicho chiwonongeko cha zaka ndi chilengedwe cha dziko latsopano. Owerenga sadzaiwalira Bloc monga woyambitsa ndakatulo "Night, street, nyali, ogulitsa mankhawala ...", limene akuganizira tanthauzo la moyo.

akazi awiri olemba

Anzeru ndi ndakatulo za m'ma 20 chakuti ambiri anali amuna, ndi luso lawo zidavumbulutsidwa chifukwa otchedwa Muses. akazi ankagwira okha mchikakamizo cha maganizo awo, ndi poetesses olemekezeka Silver Age anali Anna Akhmatova ndi Marina Tsvetaeva. Woyamba anali mkazi wa Nikolaya Gumileva, ndi chilumikizano chawo anabadwa wotchuka mbiri Lev Gumilyov. Anna Akhmatova sankafuna kuphunzira mu zigawo ndi mphete - ndakatulo iye sakanakhoza kuchita kuwaimba, njira akuti luso anali osowa. The predominance wa yellow ndi imvi mu kufotokoza, osauka ndi kudetsa nkhani amati owerenga kukhumba ndi kulola kuwulula maganizo oona a ndakatulo iyi, anapulumuka kuwombera mwamuna wake.

Tsoka Mariny Tsvetaevoy zomvetsa chisoni. Iye anamaliza kudzipha, ndi miyezi iwiri pambuyo pa imfa yake, anawomberedwa ndi mwamuna wake Sergei Efron. Owerenga iye nthawizonse anakumbukira pang'ono tsitsi mkazi zokhudza chikhalidwe musiyane magazi. Nthawi zambiri mu ntchito yake kudziika zipatso rowan kwamuyaya analowa heraldry andakatulo ake: "Red burashi phiri phulusa zidawala masamba kugwa Ndinabadwa ..."

The ndakatulo zachilendo ndakatulo zaka 19-20?

Mu ambuye latsopano m'zaka za cholembera ndi mawu ovomerezeka mitundu yatsopano ndi mfundo za ntchito zake. Khalanibe zogwirizana ndi uthenga wa ndakatulo kuti andakatulo ena ndi mabwenzi. Imagist Vadim Shershenevich kudabwa ndi ntchito zake "Tilandire". Iye sakunena akhulupirira mwa izo chizindikiro umodzi zopumira sasiya mipata pakati pa mawu, koma m'maganizo lake uli kwina: kuyang'ana pa lemba la maso a mizere mu chingwe, zikhoza kuoneka ngati kuoneka mwa mawu ena, makalata ena likulu kupanga uthenga: Valery Bryusov kwa wolemba .

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Zilandiridwenso ndakatulo za m'ma 20 Chinthu chochititsa chidwi mu m'maganizo ake. Vladimir Mayakovsky komanso kukumbukiridwa chifukwa atalenga njira yatsopano ya ndime - ". Makwerero" Wolemba ndakatulo analemba ndakatulo pa nthawi iliyonse, koma sankanena za chikondi; Zakhala anaphunzira ngati tingachipeze powerenga kuposa mamiliyoni mabuku, omvera chibwenzi ndi mchitidwe wake ndi luso.