Rembrandt - zojambula. Rembrandt zojambula ndi maudindo. zojambulajambula Rembrandt

Rembrandt Van Reyn, amene zojambula Tingaone m'mamyuziyamu ambiri padziko lonse, lero, amadziwika kuti munthu aliyense padziko lapansi. Mantha ndi kukondwera, anadabwa ndi mkwiyo pa ntchito yake zikuonetsa motero, kuti n'kosatheka kuti akhulupirire. Mwamphamvu otchuka, ndi momvetsa chisoni cha kuchepa chisoni moyo ndife chifukwa miseche ndi nzeru.

achinyamata

Zojambulajambula Rembrandt anabadwa mu banja la mkate mu 1606 mumzinda wa Dutch ya Leiden, ili pa magombe a Rhine. m'banda pa iye anamverera mu talente luso. Nditaphunzira kwa zaka zingapo kunyumba, mnyamatayu anapita ku Amsterdam kuphunzira ndi zojambulajambula wotchuka Lastman. Education sizinakhalitse, ndi zaka 19, Rembrandt amabwerera Leiden. Panthawi imeneyi iye anajambula zithunzi za okondedwa awo, komanso amachita chidwi kwambiri kudzimvera zithunzi. Lero pali ntchito yambiri ya wolemba, kumene amanena kuti iye m'njira yosiyana.

Kuzindikila

Kamodzi wojambula aspiring akulandira kuti ku munalidi gulu lalikulu la madokotala. Choncho ntchito "The kaswili Phunziro" amapezeka. Rembrandt Painting kumabweretsa kuzindikira. Nthawi yomweyo alandira malamulo oposa makumi asanu kwa zithunzi za akuluakulu ndi olemekezeka Amsterdam. Pamodzi ndi kutchuka kukula ndi chitukuko cha mbuye. Iye akuyamba kutolera zovala yakale yoyendera ndi mpesa. Iye akutenga posh nyumba, wodzala ndi kudzikondweretsa yakale yoyendera mipando ndi zojambulajambula.

Saskia

Mu zaka 28 Rembrandt, amene zojambula ndi ayamba wotchuka, kukwatira mtsikana wolemera Saskia. Iye m'banja chikondi, ndipo osati apulumuka, komanso kuonjezera likulu la wokondedwa wake. Rembrandt kuchilemekeza mkazi wake, nthawi zambiri zosonyeza zithunzi zosiyanasiyana ntchito zake. Mmodzi zojambula wotchuka wa ziboliboli "Self-Chithunzicho ndi Saskia" Rembrandt limasonyeza osangalala ndi mkazi wake wamng'ono. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chithunzicho akulandira kuti mndandanda wa ntchito nkhani za m'Baibulo. Choncho pali Rembrandt kupenta ndi "nsembe ya Abrahamu" maina ndi "Phwando la Belisazara." Komanso, nthawi imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka wa mbuye "Danae". The kupenta mwa chithunzicho makalata kangapo ndipo ali zingapo zimene mungachite kukopera.

kutsikatsika a moyo

nthawi osasamala chithunzicho sizinakhalitse. Siyense ankakonda kalembedwe Rembrandt zosonyeza munthu monga ali. Pambuyo pachithunzipa "Night Watch" anayamba ndi choyalutsa kwambiri. Pa nsalu panali anthu wosaloleka. Mwina chifukwa chinali mkati mwa Saskia wake wokondedwa amafa TB. Pa cithunzithunzi, pamodzi ndi zithunzi za anthu oponya mivi kuonekera silhouette wa msungwana, kotero amatikumbutsa mkazi wa mbuye. wolemba kutchuka iyamba kugwera. malamulo atsopano nkomwe akuwonekera. Pakutayika kwawo ndi chuma chawo chonse, Rembrandt zojambula amene kutenga yatsopano, nthanthi nzeru, amayamba kusonyeza kuti anthu wamba ndi okondedwa awo. Iye walemba fano mwana wake, ndi anthu amene anazungulira iye m'tsogolo. Panthawi imeneyi, wobadwa Rembrandt kupenta amatchedwa "Chithunzi cha munthu wokalamba Red", "Chithunzi cha mwana wa Tito kuwerenga" ndi ntchito zina. Kumapeto kwa moyo wa mwini cholembera, pali wina mwaluso - ". Kubweranso kwa Mwana wolowelera" kupenta limeneli likusonyeza mwini yekha woyendayenda wosatha, amene amakakamizidwa kuyendayenda m'misewu zovuta kusintha ulemerero. Mu 1969, maliro a mwana wake ndi mkwatibwi wake, Rembrandt yekha kufa kwamuyaya, kusiya chizindikiro yake yolenga pa dziko. Lero, zojambula chithunzicho amanyadira za malo owonera zakale iliyonse yaikulu padziko lapansi.

Kwambiri wotchuka kupenta wa Rembrandt. "Kaswili Phunziro" (1632)

chithunzi ichi ndicho choyamba malamulo akuluakulu analandira pambuyo Rembrandt anasamukira ku Amsterdam. Pa chinsalu losindikizidwa autopsy wochitidwa ndi Dr. Nicolaes Tulp. dokotala nayo tendon ndi forceps dzanja pophunzitsa ophunzira ake kukhotetsa zala zake. Kagulu zithunzi pa nthawi anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa dokotala munalidi gulu. Komabe, monga ulamuliro, mamembala a gulu lomwe iwo, atakhala mu mzere. Rembrandt, amene zojambula ndi mwachibadwa ndiponso Kuzindikira amasonyezera pa bwalo pafupi ophunzira mosamala mawu a Dr. Nicolaes Tulp. Wotumbululuka nkhope ndi thupi lenilenilo yowala yowala mawanga kuoneka ndi maziko mdima ndi chithunzi mdima. Ntchito wabweretsa kutchuka woyamba Rembrandt, patadutsa zomwe malamulo anagwa wolemba pa mlingo zosaneneka.

"Self-Chithunzicho ndi Saskia" (1635)

Mu moyo wake onse Rembrandt utoto ndalama zosaneneka wodzilamulira zithunzi. kupenta Ichi ndi mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri. Apa wasonyeza kukondwa wojambula chimwemwe chuma lapamtima. Boma maganizo a wojambula amasonyeza pamaso lotseguka anthu a nkhope kuwala Rembrandt, ngati kutsamwa ndi chimwemwe ndi kutukuka. Komabe, mu mabodza chithunzi ndi akatiputa chobisika; pakuti wojambula limasonyeza yekha m'chifanizo cha kuti "mwana wolowerera", kudya limodzi courtesan wamba. Kodi osiyana kwambiri ndi "mwana wolowerera" mu wololera chithunzi chifukwa chakuti iwo akudziwa omvetsera kwa filimu ya dzina yemweyo!

"Danae" (1636)

Wotchuka wa Rembrandt zojambula. Lidalembedwa potengera nkhani Perseus, Danae mayi. Malinga ndi nthano, bambo a mtsikanayo anamva kuti mwana wake adzafa wa mwana wake wamkazi, ndipo anamangidwa ake m'ndende yapansi. Zeus ankapita mkaidi mu mvula ya golide, inatuluka Perseus anabadwa. pachithunzipa kwachititsa Mtundu zachilendo, khalidwe la ntchito ziboliboli. Pakati ndi thupi maliseche akazi akuunika dzuwa lowala. Mu njira iyi Rembrandt, amene zojambula zambiri amajambulapo anthu kumuyandikira, anagwira chithunzi cha mkazi wake wokondedwa Saskia. Chifanizo cha mngelo anauzidwa pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi wake. Zikuoneka kuti iye nthawizonse kulirira pa tsoka la womwalirayo. Rembrandt yayikulu rewrote mwana wake ndiwotani, kusintha maganizo pa chithunzi, mogwirizana ndi maganizo awo. Kuphatikiza malankhulidwe shimmering ndi zazikulu golide m'Matchalitchi kudziŵa wake ndi ulemerero.

Chodabwitsa mwamphamvu tsoka la pachithunzipa, komanso mbiri ya moyo wa chithunzicho. Chaluso atamwalira anasiyira ndi eni ambiri. Potsatira kupeza ntchito ndi Catherine Wachiwiri "Danae" anatenga malo a ulemu mu "Hermitage" zosonkhanitsira wotchuka. Mu 1985, mu nyumbayi panali chochitika zosasangalatsa zomwe pafupifupi analanda dziko mwayi kusinkhasinkha chilengedwe cha Rembrandt. wamisala wina anafika chithunzi ndipo anataya asidi pa iye. Utoto yomweyo anayamba kuwira. Koma tizilomboto, ndipo sikunali kokwanira: anayenera kusankha angapo mabala pa chinsalu ndi mpeni mpaka anasiya. Kuwononga anakhudzidwa pafupifupi 30% ya mwaluso lapansi. Wamisala anaoneka kuti Bronjus Maygis Patapita zaka 6 kuchipatala cha anthu amisala. Kubwezeretsa kupenta chinatenga zaka 12. Iye ali tsopano kuwonetsera pa "Hermitage" ndi galasi oti muli nazo zida, amene amateteza mwalusocho ku vandals. N'zochititsa chidwi ndi mfundo ina. ntchito A luso ndi kubalana ake nthawi zambiri anajambula mu mafilimu. Mwachitsanzo, "Danae" kuonekera mu mndandanda "zigawenga Petersburg" monga Rembrandt "Aegina".

"Night Watch" (1642)

pachithunzipa atatumidwa ndi Rembrandt Chief oyenda Division. Pa nsalu limasonyeza gulu la asilikali, amene anatumizidwa ku msonkhano. The Musketeers, kulimbikitsidwa drumming, zitawonetseredwa pamodzi ndi asilikali a udindo osiyana siyana ndi zaka, nkhondo. Iwo onse kugawana chachimuna ndi kukonda dziko lako mtima. Ntchito losiyana chisamaliro nyali mafano onse ndi mfundo. Rembrandt a "Night Watch" ndi omvera, kuganizira tanthauzo lake lonse la zenizeni zimene zikuchitika. wolemba anayesa kungasonyeze mbali kunja a m'nkhaniyi, komanso kuwaululira dziko lamkati la msilikali aliyense. The apotheosis pa chithunzi paima kupambana Chipilala - chizindikiro cha kupambana zakale ndi nyengo yachisanu ikupita chigonjetso latsopano laulemerero. Ndi mitundu zokongola (golide, wakuda ndi chikasu), kum'patsa amatsegula mphamvu, masewero ndi chikondwerero maganizo a asilikali. Chikhalidwe ndi tsoka la khalidwe lililonse kuwerenga burashi wa wojambula wotchuka.

Pali Mabaibulo ambiri za atsikana zotsatirazi pafupifupi pakati pa chithunzichi. Kumasiyana ndi mitundu yonse kuwala ndi maonekedwe a angelo. Mwina izi ndi mtundu wa militias chithumwa. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina mtsikana - fanizo la mkazi wokondedwa wa wolemba, anapita ku dziko lina pakati pa pachithunzipa. Monga mukudziwa, ntchito analibe akaonekere kwa makasitomala. Pambuyo anagula cithunzithunzi, iwo mwankhaza kudula chinsalu ndi anapachika mu holo maphwando.

"Kubweranso kwa Mwana wolowelera" (1666-1669 gg.)

Rembrandt a "Kubweranso kwa Mwana wolowelera" ndi chimodzi mwa nsonga chidwi kwambiri pa zilandiridwenso wojambula wotchuka. Lidalembedwa mu zaka zomalizira za moyo mbuye. Iyi ndi nthawi imene iye anali wokalamba kwambiri ndi ofooka, osauka ndi njala. Mutu wa mwana wolowerera mobwerezabwereza m'mbuyomu zinachitika mu chithunzicho. Ntchito imeneyi ndi mapeto, mwachidule zaka zambiri masana kulenga ya wolemba wotchuka. pachithunzipa exudes onse wachikondi ndi kuya phale Rembrandt a. mitundu shimmering ndi kusewera wachisomo kuwala ndi mthunzi kutsindika mafano a m'nkhaniyi. Mu amati ya wolemekezeka nkhalamba mwana wake wolowerera anasonyeza lonse osiyanasiyana maganizo osiyana: chisoni ndi chikondi, chifundo ndi kuwawa ozindikira belated. Malinga ndi otsutsa, 'kubwerera "kwa mumalozana mokwanira maganizo talente imodzi ya zojambulajambula lapansi. Iye analenga zinthu zawo anasonkhanitsa zinachitikira kulenga onse, chilakolako onse, kudzoza wanga wonse.

Pomaliza

N'zovuta n'komwe zimene Rembrandt utoto chithunzi, ikulongosola za amene m'nkhani ino. Kodi papita zaka zambiri kuchokera tsiku chilengedwe chonse, monga mwaye ku makandulo tallow mbiphimbira zaka zoposa zitatu za mbiri! Kodi mukuganiza zimene zimaoneka ngati mu masiku a kubadwa kwawo. Pakali pano, lero, anthu mamiliyoni mafani wa wotchuka zojambula za matalente zakale osiyana kuzungulira dziko kubwera kuwona katswiri wake.