Pulezidenti wa Ukraine mu dongosolo. Pulezidenti woyamba wa Ukraine. Ukraine a pulezidenti watsopano

December 8, 1991 sizidzakumbukiridwa padziko lonse msonkhano mu Bialowieza Forest mu Belarus, kumene pangano yosainidwa pa linanena bungwe la atatu mayiko Asilavo wa USSR ndi Kulenga kwa Commonwealth of Independent States. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba yogwira geopolitical kusintha, amene ali wachisoni kwambiri kuganizira anthu ake onse lero. Tiyeni tione zimene anali atsogoleri a Ukraine. Kuti iwo anali asanu, koma ena a iwo akuyesera kuti atsutsane ndi izo, kotero muyenera kuyang'ana mu nkhaniyi.

Mwina ayenera kuyamba ndi munthu amene ali mwachindunji ndi anasaina mgwirizano pa secession ku USSR. Pa mbali ya Ukraine, zinali Leonid Kravchuk, koma ife tibwerera kwa izo, koma tsopano, kuti amaipitsa dongosolo la zochitika, m'pofunika kuona munthu monga Mihail Grushevsky. Pulezidenti woyamba wa Ukraine ali ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri ndipo ankakumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Anawatcha pambuyo Leonid Kravchuk, ndi Hrushevsky pa nthawi ina ankatumikira monga mutu wa bungwe Central. Mu parlance ano, iye anali woyankhula, chifukwa maudindo monga pulezidenti, komabe kulibe. Izo zinanenedwa mu kusodza Constitution, limene ovomerezedwa ndi chapakati Rada April 29, 1918. Komabe, munthu Ukraine tizikumbukira ndithu - ngakhale 50 Chiyukireniya hryvnia chimasonyeza chithunzi chake. Pa zisinthe, wasayansi ndi mbiri anaima "helm" mopupuluma anakhazikitsa ulamuliro, mosamalitsa kulankhula, mu njira yomweyo Iye unachotsedwa (kudzera mwa zisinthe). Ndipotu, kwa Ukraine njira ya kusintha chotchuka kwambiri lero, pafupifupi onse atsogoleri a Ukraine kuti anali wasinthika m'njira imeneyi.

tsiku lokumbukira ufulu wodzilamulira

The Verkhovna Rada wa SSR Chiyukireniya 1991 August 24 anatenga kachitidwe, imene Ukraine watero ufulu. Poyamba, Tsiku ufulu wa Ukraine ananena zaka 16 July (koma chaka chotsatira, mu 1992, anaganiza kusintha kuti 24 August). Atangochoka wodzilamulira mu referendum anapatsidwa oposa 90% ya mavoti onse amene anaponyedwa. December 1, 1991 ndi kale zimachitika palokha unachitikira chisankho chake choyamba mwachindunji Pulezidenti Ukraine, limene Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk analandira oposa 61% ya mavoti onse.

Kravchuk matamando monga kudzudzulidwa. Zoipa ziyenera ali makamaka chifukwa chakuti choncho inali zochita mwadzidzidzi, mwamsanga "kukanidwa" a Russia ndi osachepera ubale, onse chuma ndi ndale. Koma chifukwa anakhoza phenomenal kupendeketsa pakati zikuwonjezera vutoli ndale, anatha kusunga Crimea m'tsogolo ngati Republic yoyenda yokha, ndi mbali chabe ya Ukraine. Zimene anawalankhula pulezidenti woyamba wa Ukraine Kravchuk, iye anayesetsa kuti akhale zonse Ukraine ufulu wodzilamulira ake mwamtendere, popanda kukhetsa magazi.

Mayendedwe a pulezidenti woyamba: kutsegulira

Kravchuk sizinkachitika kuchenjera ndi skilful wandale pulezidenti, ubwana ndi unyamata Leonida Makarovicha ntchito chipani adalemera kwambiri. Iye anagwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira pafupifupi 50 magalamu a halva, kupatsidwa ndi mayi ake pa kubadwa kwake kapena pa skates zinawonongeka matabwa. Kenako anakhala mu dormitory yunivesite ndi anyamata 12, koma mavuto onse bwinobwino anasiya pambuyo maphunziro ndipo anasamukira Chernivtsi Financial sukulu yophunzitsa maluso kuphunzitsa chuma ndale mu 1958. Ndi ntchito zonse za chipani wakhala bwino kwambiri, ndi moyo mu 1991 - mosavuta.

Pulezidenti woyamba wa Ukraine amakhala yovomerezeka pokhapokha wotsegulira. Pakuti Leonid Kravchuk ndi gulu lake, kuti ntchito zofunika kwambiri, monga izo zinachitika kwa nthawi yoyamba. Mwachibadwa, kunali koyenera kutenga lumbiro kwa Constitution la nthawi imeneyo, koma pamodzi, izo akufuna kupereka lumbiro ndi Peresopnytsia Gospel, monga izo zinali pa nthawi imeneyo amakezana kachisi wa Ukraine. Chifukwa chakuti pamene nyimbo ya fuko adali anakhazikitsa, kwayala anaitanidwa, amene anachita "Mulungu wamkulu, ogwirizana, tizikumbukira Ukraine." Choncho gawo boma inatha ndipo pulezidenti woyamba wa Ukraine mwalamulo anatenga ofesi.

Pulezidenti yachiwiri

The pulezidenti Leonida Makarovicha inatenga yochepa nthawi, ndipo mu July 1994 mu kubwera kwachiwiri, anataya nthawi panopa Nduna Leonidu Danilovichu Kuchme. Mawu akuti "zopanda phindu, ndipo anataya - tifuwula" akhoza kwathunthu zimachitika chifukwa wachiwiri pa Pulezidenti. Mndandanda cha maphunziro ake ndi okwanira kuti anthu Chiyukireniya Tingakhale amanyadira ndi m'lingaliro loona mawu "Abiti" pa izo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, komanso mndandanda wa zolephera zake monga "likuoneka ngati eyesore", choncho palinso otsutsa mfundo zake.

Zikayenda bwino ndi Kulephera

Pa zaka khumi za ulamuliro wake monga mutu wa boma (pakati pa izi nthawi yaitali zonse) Pulezidenti Kuchma akhoza kuteteza "kupenga" kufufuma, kuyambira pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR, Ukraine anali mu dzenje akuya kwambiri a zachuma. Presidenti kasupe weniweni kwa chuma msika mu dziko ano asapita Chiyukireniya dziko. Kudzera kusintha dziko lake alibe anatsika pansi chuma.

Mu 1996, ndi okhazikika ndi khola ndalama kunachitika lomwe linali dzina la hryvnia lapansi. Akatswiri amanena komanso kunathandiza kulimbitsa chuma dziko. Kuchma sanabise chakuti popita ku EU, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anali mu palibe mofulumira kuswa zikulumikizana wolimba ndi Russia, zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mapangano ambiri. Mmodzi mwa amenewa otchedwa Big Pangano, amene anali atagwirizana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa maiko awiri angapo mafakitale kiyi ndi malo amene kwenikweni anapindula Ukraine palokha, kupanga izo zonse kunachitika player pa dziko lonse.

Koma pali ena mwa Kuchma ndi "osayenera" khalidwe, ena unproven, ndi iwo amene kutsimikiziridwa, yosavuta "bata." Monga Mwa iwo kudziŵika kuti ndi kupha osafunika Kuchma mtolankhani Georgiy Gongadze, kuti "anakumba pansi" ndipo anali ndithu dothi chidwi chomwe chingathe kubweretsa mavuto aakulu kwa pulezidenti. Pa mlandu Kuchma sikuti zatha, ndipo mu 2004 anthu anakwiya, monga mbewu "Krivorozhstal" anagulitsidwa kwa mwana wake - Viktor Pinchuk. M'nthawi ya Kuchma anakhala chivundi paliponse ndipo oligarchy. Ndiye - akadali kwambiri milandu kuyan'anila za kuba ndalama za boma ndi kuyesa kusintha malamulo n'kukhalanso akuti lachitatu. Koma kanthu anadza kwa izo, pa mapeto - yotsatira chisankho cha Pulezident, limene Viktor Yanukovych anapambana.

Viktor Yanukovych ndi Orange utasintha

Mu chisankho cha Pulezident cha 2004 Umapeza pulezidenti tsogolo la Ukraine Yanukovich. Ndipo chirichonse chiri bwino, kungoti kunali gulu la misa ndawala zionetsero zimene zinachitika likulu Chiyukireniya, Kiev, pa wodzilamulira Square. Zisinthe, kenako ikutchedwa ndi "lalanje", unapangidwa bungwe ndi mbali ya Viktor Yushchenko, chifukwa chilengezo cha bungwe la Electoral Central, zotsatira, imene chigonjetso cha Viktor Yanukovych. Iwo ankati kwambiri wosiyana deta eksit-kafukufuku natumikira podovdom chigamulo kuti adzathe kusungira kubwera kwachiwiri, ndiwo nthawi ikutchedwa ndi "lachitatu". Dziwani kuti zisinthe uyu anali ngati zikusonyezanso zina za kusintha ofanana mtundu mu Georgia, Turkey, ndi tsopano China. Choncho, kuzungulira lachitatu anasonyeza kuti kugunda Viktor Yushchenko, ngakhale kuti Zabwino pa udindo wake monga Pulezidenti Viktor Yanukovych kale anayamba pa mitu ya limati monga Russia ndi Belarus.

Choncho, ngati mayiko ena akutali Western analibe chidwi Ukraine ndipo sanali kudziwa nkomwe kumene dziko lino ndi, pambuyo zisinthe, anakhala dziko wotchuka. Nthawiyi, January 23, 2005 Victor Yushchenko analumbira kwa Peresopnytsia Gospel ndi malamulo a dziko la Ukraine, komanso atsogoleri onse a Ukraine (pa dongosolo anali wachitatu). Kenako anapita lalikulu ndipo anapereka kulankhula zazikulu.

Board Victor Yushchenko

Pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wake Viktor Yuschenko anasonyeza kuti kutsatira za rapprochement ndi United States, NATO ndi EU. Pa utsogoleri wake, panali yopuma amphamvu kwambiri kugwirizana ndi Russia: zauzimu, ndale, a zachuma. Iye ankafuna kuti ngongole kwa mpweya Russian, kuti apitirize kukambirana ndi udindo wa mwini Nyanja Black ndi kukhala mmenemo Black Sea ilibe la Russia.

Pulezidenti Yushchenko, kufika positi mutu wa boma ndi kupeza mphamvu zonse, adakali pansi pa euphoria ya Orange utasintha, nthawi yomweyo kuchotsa posts awo anthu onse ku boma za m'mbuyo m'malo mwa anthu amene anagwidwa naye. Nduna Yulia Tymoshenko analandira lamulo kupasuka yamalamulo. Ichi chidachitika ndi Yushchenko pokonzekera mpando aphungu a anthu ake. Panthawi imeneyi, pali kugawanika mu "lalanje Mgwirizano". The ndale ikukula kumuyalutsa ndi "Gazprom" pa maziko awa. Choncho, pulezidenti alibe nthawi kuthana ndi mavuto mu dziko, panopa chitsutso Viktor Yanukovych ( "Party a Zigawo") ndi Petro Symonenko ( "Communist Party wa Ukraine"), pamodzi ndi Yulia Tymoshenko ( "Dziko Lathu") amafuna iyenera kukonzedwa wa pulezidenti.

Yulia Tymoshenko ndi gulu lake anayamba "untwist" pamthunzi ziwembu Yushchenko anadziwika kwambiri ndithu mfundo zosangalatsa za awarding yambiri ndalama za boma kudzera wamba ndi chipolopolo makampani, chitsanzo cha ichi - ". Rosukrenergo" Pa utsogoleri wake Yushchenko anakwanitsa kugawira nambala yaikulu mphoto ndi malamulo a n'ngwokayikitsa phindu pafupifupi onse achibale awo.

Patapita kanthawi zimaonekeratu kuti tanthauzo la iyenera kukonzedwa pulezidenti si monga mlingo wake ndi otsika kwambiri (ngakhale kuti anali kuyembekeza kuyenda akuti wachiwiri), chifukwa chakuti sali kutali chisankho, amene kale zafotokozedwa Yulia Tymoshenko ndi mdani chake chachikulu - Viktor Yanukovych.

kubwerera

Mu 2010, Pulezident adziwitse pafupifupi N'zosakayikitsa kuti latsopano Chiyukireniya Pulezidenti adzakhala Viktor Fedorovich Yanukovich. Chisankho inachitikanso mu zipolopolo ziwiri. Monga ndimayembekezera, atsogoleri anavomera "Party a Zigawo" ndi "Dziko Lathu". Motero, pa February 14 pambuyo ochuluka a mavoti, zinadziwika kuti chigonjetso cha Viktor Yanukovych. Pa mwambo wa pulezidenti anali ochepa milandu chidwi kuti akhala akuchita zothawa chidwi cha atolankhani ndi otsutsa Yanukovych. Bola ngati pulezidenti tsogolo la Ukraine Yanukovych anali kukonzekera mwambo wotsegulira wake, masiku awiri pamaso pa chipilala kuti anayambitsa Kiev chifukwa dzimbiri zitsulo anagwera Horebu kanjedza ndi Tsaya (Kyi, tsaya, Horebu - anayambitsa Kiev). Ena mwa Pankhaniyi anali anatha kum'manga tilandiridwe adzaimira za malo a Verkhovna Rada. Koma si mwambo zosangalatsa. Pa nthawi imene pulezidenti tsogolo analowa nyumba yamalamulo, pamaso pake mwadzidzidzi anayamba chitseko.

analonjeza kuti tikwaniritse

Mofanana ndi mapulezidenti m'mbuyomo, gulu Yanukovych anayamba ndi kulenga kwa anthu ofukula padziko pulezidenti. Iye anaitana adani ake "kuyika hatchet" chifukwa ndi ntchito yopindulitsa. Choncho anayamba kuzunza andale a Yulia Tymoshenko ndi Yuriy Lutsenko, amene pambuyo amamangidwa ndi akakhale kundende zosiyanasiyana za nkhani. Mwachibadwa, Viktor Yanukovych analimbikitsa kuti zolinga zonse ndale izi, koma mu izo bwino.

Pankhani Pulezidenti Yanukovych, ndiye kuti sitinganene kuti muulamuliro wake iye sizinawakhudze zotsatira. Vuto linali lakuti, mosiyana ndi atsogoleri m'mbuyomo, iye anali kuchita makamaka si kulimbikitsa ubale ndi West, ndi pa chitukuko cha kugona ndi Russia, amene alibe ankakonda "ovomereza-European" ndondomeko. Chifukwa, yotsatira chisankho cha Pulezident cha ku Ukraine chichitike pa maziko a kusintha latsopano.

kachiwiri zisinthe

Kale mu mochedwa 2013 - oyambirira 2014 ife zisinthe European kapena "ulemu zisinthe", pomwe okalamba ndi atsogoleri atsopano a "Maidan" anaganiza kugwirizanitsa kuti ntchito ulimi kusintha boma. Ali likukhalira - ndipo chifukwa cha Yanukovych amathawa dziko. M'nkhani ya nkhondo akuyamba kukonzekera chisankho chotsatira, ndi kale pali mphekesera kuti Poroshenko - Pulezidenti wa Ukraine.

Petro Poroshenko

Pafupifupi munthu wina akukayikira kuti mmodzi wa atsogoleri yogwira za "Maidan" adzakhala pulezidenti. Koma Petro Poroshenko, izo samadziwika ndi anthu ambiri ndale, koma monga bizinesi, mwini odziwika Confectionery kampani Roshen. Pafupifupi anthu onse, kupatulapo Petulo Poroshenko, anali ofuna luso kwa pulezidenti wa Ukraine. Mndandanda anali yosiyanasiyana. Ofuna kwa pulezidenti methyl ngakhale Darth Vader - phungu wa "Internet Party wa Ukraine", koma anali kudzipatula pa mphindi yotsiriza. The kukavota sanatenge gawo la Crimea, monga nthawi nzika zake anakuvoterani zpani zambiri kuti agwirizane ku Russia, ndipo, ndithudi, zigawo kum'mawa kwa Ukraine - Donetsk ndi Luhansk dera - chifukwa ntchito yopitilira asilikali zigawo izi. Atachita mutsogoleli wa Ukraine Poroshenko, ngati Yanukovych, ndi wopanda mphindi yake chidwi. Ngakhale Poroshenko kuyenda pansi pamphasa wofiira kwa Verkhovna Rada, mmodzi wa asilikali a alonda a ulemu, zikuoneka, iye anafika kutentha sitiroko, umene chifukwa iye anagwetsa ku dzanja mfuti ndi pafupi kukomoka. Pankhaniyi, pulezidenti tsogolo ankadutsa ngati akuona.

Nkhani za milandu yeniyeni akadali molawirira kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti nthawi ya nkhondo mu kum'mawa kwa Ukraine zovuta kupereka ziyenera chokwanira Poroshenko. Purezidenti wa Ukraine, mwachizolowezi, ananena kuti chuma anagonjetsa, ndi kuti amachita miyeso osatchuka kuti molimba mtima kuyang'ana mu tsogolo labwino.

Amenewa anali atsogoleri onse a Ukraine mwandondomeko kuyambira woyamba ku muyeso (tsoka kunena "otsiriza"). Mukhoza amakhulupilira chokha chakuti mu Saga izi pulezidenti wa Ukraine, amene m'kanthawi kochepa za ufulu anatha kupulumuka ndi kusintha pang'ono, ndi atsogoleri ochuluka monga zisanu, adzakhala, ndipo dziko adzapeza mtsogoleri wamphamvu. Ziribe kanthu chomwe kuchita kutsatira pulezidenti watsopano Ukraine, Western kapena Russian, n'kofunika yekha kuti anthu wotetezeka, kotero kuti pensioners penshioni anali ofunika, ndi anthu wamba - malipiro. Koma Pofuna kukwaniritsa izi, muyenera kuyesetsa, ndipo ngakhale zambiri zimadalira umunthu wa pulezidenti, musaiwale za anthu anamuperekeza wake, amenenso tiyenera kukhala ndi chidwi osati zawo bwino, komanso ubwino wa anthu ake. Izi n'zofunika kwambiri cholinga cha ndale kudzilungamitsa kulemekeza, makamakanso pulezidenti wa dziko wodziimira.