Poyizoni - izo ... Tanthauzo, gulu, zimayambitsa, chithandizo, zotsatira

Pamene ingested ziphe pali siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la ntchito ziwalo zake, tingayambe mavuto aakulu. Poyizoni - kuphwanya ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya thupi chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi poizoni. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali kuopseza thanzi ndi moyo. Poyizoni - zosayembekezereka kawirikawiri mu moyo wamakono. Ndipo sikuti ndi mwayi pompo kwa dokotala. Choncho n'kofunika kudziwa zizindikiro za poyizoni ndi mfundo za thandizo.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa poyizoni

Vutoli wakhalapo nthawi zonse: a munthu akanakhoza bowa mwangozi poizoni kapena mpweya monoxide, ndi ntchito - mu woopsawo kupanga mankhwala. Koma masiku ano umagwirira yokha mbe tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi Mwina poyizoni chawonjezeka nthawi zambiri ndi chiwerengero cha mankhwala banja. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku moti zofala zimene anthu safuna n'komwe za ngozi yomwe detergents awa, kukonzekera chitetezo mankhwala zomera kapena tizilombo tizilombo. Nthawi zina zinthu zimenezi zasungidwa mu nyumba malo mosavuta kwa ana. Ena mwa iwo tsopano alibe fungo, monga dichlorvos, amene ntchito ngati mankhwala ntchentche.

The zingathe ndi ntchito kusalankhula ndi kukonzekera mankhwala. N'zovuta kuyenda mu uthunthu lalikulu la mankhwala alipo panopa, ndipo aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zotsatira zake zam'mbali amene kwakukulukulu amadalira munthu. Mankhwala a matendawa ayenera kusankha dokotala oyenerera pambuyo matenda zolondola, zomwe si nthawi zonse zikuchitika mu chenicheni.

systematics poyizoni

Gawo Standard poyizoni si analandira chifukwa zosiyanasiyana poizoni, anachokera ndi mipweya, ndondomeko anapeza kuti thupi limagwirira cha zimenezi, zovuta ndi zina zotero. Zizindikiro kunyamuka komanso zimadalira mtundu wa poizoni, koma pali zinthu wamba, chimene inu ikani chodabwitsa kuledzera, - nseru, m'mimba, kusanza ndi kutentha ndi ena. Mu njira thupi Zofika wolemekezeka:

• Mpweya - yobereka ziphe pa kupuma;
• m'kamwa, ngati poizoni anali pakamwa;
• percutaneous, chikuonetseratu poizoni kudzera pores khungu kapena zilonda;
• jekeseni.

Ndi chikhalidwe cha mmene poizoni pa thupi ndi:

• pachimake poyizoni, amene yodziwika ndi kuyankha kutchulidwa kwa thupi ndi poizoni kanthu limodzi;
• subacute kawopsedwe ndi zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri ndi zikuchitika pa kuchuluka kwa kukhudzana ndi zinthu wonunkha;
• hyperacute, chotsatira imfa ya wovulalayo;
• poyizoni aakulu zimachitika pamene pang'onopang'ono amawononga lake akadzafika mu Mlingo kakang'ono ndipo alibe zizindikiro mokwanira kulitchula.

Malinga ndi mitundu ya poizoni poizoni zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo.

Chiphe ndi carbon monoxide ndiponso owala gasi

Mpweya monoxide wotchedwa carbon monoxide - mpweya ndi colorless ndi odorless, amene amasankha ngozi yake kwambiri - munthu alibe ngakhale kumva poyizoni gasi, pamene nthawi yomweyo akuyamba kugwira ntchito yake yowononga. Mpweya monoxide chimamanga mpweya kwambiri mofulumira ndi hemoglobin kupanga carboxyhemoglobin kutchinga kotunga mpweya maselo. Ndi kumanga kwa mapuloteni kwa minofu mtima, mpweya monoxide kumabwezera mmbuyo ntchito mtima komanso kutenga mbali zake njira zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni mu thupi akuphwanya bwino amuzolengedwa.

Owala mpweya ndi osakaniza a mafuta kuyaka wopangidwa makamaka a hydrogen ndi dziko mu kusakanizikana ndi carbon monoxide mpaka 8-14%. Iwo aumbike mwa kupanga mafuta kapena malasha processing pa. Owala mafuta isanafike chiyambi cha m'ma otsiriza anayatsa chipinda. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga mafuta. Magwero a poizoni amene ali carbon monoxide, zingakhale:

• moto waukulu;
• kupanga kumene mpweya monoxide akhoza kutenga nawo mbali pa kaphatikizidwe zinthu zambiri organic;
• mipweya utsi m'misewu ikuluikulu;
• m'madera gasified ndi mpweya osauka;
• zoweta, kusamba masitovu ndi fireplaces ndi mizati chatsekedwa.

gasi poyizoni yomweyo chifukwa kwambiri mutu. poyizoni aakulu mapeto ake ndi imfa. Monga PMP kwa poyizoni ayenera mofulumira kubweretsa munthu kuti mpweya wabwino ndi itanani ambulansi ndipo ngati n'koyenera, kuchita kupuma yokumba.

chakudya poyizoni

Zikuphatikizapo angapo matenda amene yodziwika ndi zinthu wamba:

• mwadzidzidzi pachimake isanayambike matenda;
• Kubverana pakutchulidwa ya matenda ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala makamaka;
• palibe zizindikiro khalidwe la matenda;
• chitukuko cha matenda pa nthawi yomweyo gulu la anthu;
• nthawi yaing'ono imeneyi nthawi ya matenda.

Choncho, chakudya poizoni - zambiri osati pachimake nthenda chifukwa cha mankhwala okhala ndi chinthu poizoni. Chakudya poyizoni ndi chiyambi anawagawa mitundu itatu:

• tating'onoting'ono uka pa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi tizilombo kapena poizoni awo;
• sanali tating'onoting'ono chifukwa cha zomera kapena nyama, mankhwala chikhalidwe, kapena zochitika zina;
• chakudya poizoni zachilengedwe osadziwika.

Zizindikiro za chiyambi, mosaganizira za chikhalidwe cha poizoni kuoneka kuzizira, kufooka, kusanza, malungo, kutsekula m'mimba.

miyeso chithandizo cha poyizoni chakudya

Khalidwe la mankhwala poyizoni chakudya zimadalira m'mene mofulumira ndi molondola anapezeka ndi masitepe oyamba Atengedwa. Nthawi zambiri asonyezedwa kunyumba. Pa zizindikiro woyamba wa matenda ayenera kukhala yasintha m'mimba. Ngati poyizoni munthu wamkulu, ayenera kumwa za awiri malita a kuchepetsa njira ya permanganate potaziyamu kapena njira ya soda kuti asanze ndi m'mimba woyera. Pakuti mayamwidwe nayo nthawi kuti limbikirani m'mimba khoma poizoni mtima apereke adamulowetsa mpweya. M'mimba pali chiopsezo cha madzi m'thupi, kotero muyenera kumamwa kowirikiza zakumwa. Ngati kutentha si kugwa pansi, ndi kutsekula ndi kusanza kupitiriza, muyenera wodwalayo kwa dokotala.

Zimatanthauza poyizoni chakudya ndi botulism, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo. Chizindikiro choyamba - ambiri kufooka ndi chizungulire, komanso bloating, kutsekula m'mimba, ngakhale palibe kutentha yachibadwa. Ngati ayi mwamsanga kuthandizapo, matenda idzapambana mofulumira ndi masiku ochepa kungachititse kuti imfa. Thandizo (PMP) pamene poyizoni ndi mofanana aliyense poizoni chakudya. Komabe, wodwalayo ayenera kulowa seramu wapadera ndi botulism, choncho ayenera yomweyo kumwedwa kuchipatala.

poyizoni ndi mankhwala

Lero kwambiri ambiri kudzera kulamulira namsongole, tizirombo, makoswe, amene ntchito pa ulimi, ndipo tsiku ndi tsiku. zinthu izi limodzi ndi malangizo ntchito, omwe amasonyeza malamulo yosungirako awo ndi ntchito. Komabe, mwadongosolo kuphwanya malamulo, mawonetseredwe chosasamala pamene akugwira ntchito ndi iwo nthawi kuyambitsa poyizoni aakulu onse pa ntchito ndi kunyumba komwe mankhwala woopsawo nthawi zambiri amasungidwa nyumba popanda kuganizira mosavuta mavuto aakulu.

Mankhwala ndi organic chlorine mankhwala, phosphorous, Mercury, mankhwala mkuwa kapena ofanana nawo asidi carbamic. zinthu zimenezi zimakhudza bwanji ziwalo zosiyanasiyana njira, koma Mulimonsemo, zotsatira zake kwambiri. Chemical poyizoni amapereka zizindikiro izi m'ma thukuta, amaika salivation, m'chikaiko chowakaikitsa. Akhoza kupita khunyu, kusanza. Wovulalayo ayenera kuonana ndi dokotala mwamsanga, ndipo izo zisanachitike kupereka miyeso loyamba chithandizo. Ngati poizoni afika pa khungu lanu, kuchapa malo ndi madzi. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi poizoni m'thupi ayenera kuchita lavage chapamimba (ndi proviso kuti munthuyo amazindikira). Matumbo akhoza kutsukidwa ndi enemas. chiphe A kuteteza mayamwidwe mu thupi ayenera kuperekedwa sorbents akhudzidwa - adamulowetsa mpweya ndi zinthu enveloping, mwachitsanzo, "Almagel" sanamwe - wowuma.

Komanso kuti n'chongoletsa miyeso chiphe ayenera kumwedwa kale mu chipatala, ngati wovulalayo n'kofunika kulowa yothetsera, kusankha potsata mtundu wa wothandizila mankhwala. Chemical poyizoni - chodabwitsa zoopsa kwambiri, choncho pamene akugwira ntchito mankhwala Tisaiwale za malamulo a chitetezo ndi zipangizo zina zodzitetezera.

asidi poyizoni

Ngati khungu zoipa, m'pofunika mwamsanga kuyeretsa ndi madzi ozizira. Pamene ingested asidi lamoto kumachitika m'kamwa mucosa, kholingo m'mimba, ndi kamodzi pali ululu waukulu. Kodi zimachitikira chiphe 80 peresenti asidi acetic amene zizindikiro ndi siplost mawu, edema m'mapapo mwanga ndi dyspnea. Kuwonjezera woyaka ali odzipereka chinthu chakupha ndi yaikulu ziwalo mkati. Zikavuta kwambiri kuoneka kusanza, malungo, kupweteka pachimake mmimba, yomwe INGATHE kuyambitsa mantha, pali chiopsezo kulephera aimpso ndi imfa.

miyeso Choyamba-chithandizo kwa wozunzidwayo isanafike ambulansi akunga lavage muzituluka. Mosamala, mu chakudya chochepa kumupatsa kumwa madzi ozizira, mukhoza ingest ayezi mutizidutswa tating'ono ting'ono, anamuika iye pa mimba yake. Tipeŵe m'mimba akhoza mkaka kapena madzi ndi dzira azungu - pa lita imodzi ya mkaka kuti mapulotini awiri. Oyenera kutsuka awiri peresenti magnesia slurry, koma Mulimonsemo sangapereke njira ya soda - pakati pa acid ndi koloko mankhwala anachita amapezeka ndi mapangidwe mipweya, amene kukakamiza chapamimba khoma zowonongeka akhoza ngakhale kuti chotupa.

alkalis poyizoni

Pamene chiphe ndi soda limapezeka ludzu kwambiri, salivation zimabwezera kusanza. Popeza ali wamkulu ozama mphamvu, iyo imayaka ndi mphamvu mozama. Zikavuta, zikhoza kuchitika magazi m'mimba kapena kulephera impso. amoniya pamene poyizoni akhoza kudzali airway kuwonongeka ndi edema chifukwa m'mapapo mwanga. Kupereka chithandizo ngati chiphe soda ndi chapamimba lavage ndi madzi ambiri. mungawathandize zina dokotala, choncho posachedwapa n'kofunika kupulumutsa anavulala kuchipatala. Mu zikhalidwe n'kupuma ikuchitika mwa kutsuka kafukufuku ndi madzi kapena mkaka ndi dzira azungu. njira kwatha ndi soda. Iwo akhoza kutsukidwa komanso mayankho ofooka wa citric kapena asidi acetic.

poyizoni ndi mankhwala

Mankhwala cholinga kuchiza matenda ndi kubwezeretsa thanzi la munthu, akhoza okha chifukwa kuledzera kwambiri. Poizoni kuti chimachitika, munthu amene wakhala kuposa mlingo anasonyeza ndi dokotala, kapena mankhwala losanganikirana. Nthawi zambiri anthu anayamba kudzimvera ka mankhwala, chinkhoswe kudzipatsa medicate. Zimachitika kuti mankhwala amapereka amphamvu matupi awo sagwirizana anachita.

Nthawi zonsezi zitachitika kuledzera pachimake, mwamphamvu ndi mavuto amene amadalira mtundu wa mankhwala, matenda a woberedwa, kwa mlingo ndi nthawi yopeza zinthu pa thupi. Woyamba zizindikiro za poyizoni ndi chizungulire, kupweteka m'mimba, kusanza ndi malungo. Ndiye m'mimba angayambe, imfa ya chikumbumtima, ndiye chikhalidwe wovulalayo kokha aziwonjezereka, pangakhale zotsatira yosakonzekera.

Yankho la funso chochita ngati poizoni mankhwala zimadalira mankhwala yogwira, amene anapangitsa poizoni, monga adakalibe ndi chofunika. thandizo Professional zitha kukhala dokotala Choncho, muyenera yomweyo itanani ambulansi. Komabe, zinthu zina zadzidzidzi angathe kumwedwa asanafike ake:

• ngati poyizoni wa, m'pofunika wodwalayo kumwa magalasi pang'ono madzi ofunda;
• Iwo chongopeka kupangira kusanza;
• ngati chofunika, ayenera kubwereza chapamimba lavage;
• pambuyo pochotsa mimba m'pofunika wozunzidwayo ndi miyala ochepa adamulowetsa makala;
• ayenera kumwa akhudzidwa kwambiri, akhoza kukhala awiri pa zana njira ya soda.

Dokotala titchedwe, ngakhale zikuoneka kuti poyizoni zosavuta, chifukwa boma la angavutike mwadzidzidzi poipa zikuchepa.

poyizoni mowa

Mowa poyizoni - zotsatira poizoni pa thupi la ethyl mowa ndi mankhwala ake kusokonezeka. Chingachititse ndi alcohols ena - methyl, isopropyl ndi zina zimene amphamvu ziphe, koma adzakhala mankhwala poizoni. Mowa kuledzera zimachitika pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka ndende ake mu thupi, ndi kunyumba kudziwa mlingo wa kusalekerera akhoza Choncho, kawirikawiri motsogozedwa ndi magawo anthu kuledzera, ndiwo atatu.

1. Gawo loyamba amakhala ndi kuledzera zosavuta, m'mene ndende za ethyl mowa magazi ukufika awiri pa zana. Komabe, mutha zizindikiro koyamba mowa chapakati mantha dongosolo - pali euphoria, ana dilated, ndipo izo zifika pang'ono zosokoneza.
2. Mbali yachiwiri ikuyamba peresenti pamene awiri kapena atatu a Mowa zili mu magazi. Munthu sanathenso kudziletsa mawu ake ndi kayendedwe, ndipo m'mawa iye akumverera nseru, kufooka ndi zizindikiro poyizoni, kuphatikizapo kusanza.
3. Mbali yachitatu - akwaniritse, ndende mowa magazi amakhala peresenti kuposa atatu, kungachititse oopsa oopsa. Mmenemonso, angagwe kulephera kupuma, khunyu, mpaka kumangidwa mtima. Izi zidalira pa kuchuluka kwa mowa kudyedwa ndi chitetezo cha thupi.

Mowa kuledzera - chodabwitsa sizachilendo, ndipo aliyense ayenera kudziwa zoyenera kuchita ngati poizoni ndi Mowa. Ngati boma la kusalekerera zolimbitsa, m'pofunika kupangira kusanza, ndiye kusamba kunja m'mimba ndi madzi ambiri oyera popanda manganese kapena koloko. Pambuyo kuti muyenera sorbents iliyonse - kungakhale angapo mapiritsi malasha.

Mu poyizoni aakulu miyeso thandizo adzakhala chosiyana - Mulimonsemo, musati kupangira kusanza kwa wozunzidwayo anamira mu izo, ndi zotheka chapamimba lavage. Mwachangu kwa itanani ambulansi, bola ngati izo zifika, kuti athandize zonse zotheka kuti wodwalayo - kuziyika izo pa mbali yake ndi kuyeretsa pakamwa malovu, ntchofu, ngati n'koyenera, kupereka kupuma yokumba. zochita zina zofunika angathe kuchitidwa kokha m'chipatala.

Ambiri poyizoni ndi chifukwa maganizo kunyalanyaza zofunika kwa yosungirako kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana poizoni kapena kugwilizana ndi mfundo ukhondo zopangidwa chakudya. Pofuna kupewa poizoni, m'pofunika woyamba wa maphunziro onse thanzi ndi ulamuliro pa kukhazikitsa malamulo a ukhondo.