Polysemy - ndi chifukwa chodabwitsa kuti? Mitundu ndi zitsanzo za polysemy

Polysemy - ambiguity izi. Mawu ena ndi chimodzi chokha lexical tanthauzo. Iwo amatchedwa losanganikirana. Koma ambiri a mawu m'chinenero Russian ndi matanthauzo angapo. Chotero anaitana Mipikisano ofunika.

tanthauzo

Polysemy - chodabwitsa lexical, amene anazindikira chinenero kulembedwa kapena kunenedwa. Koma kumvetsa mthunzi wa tanthauzo la izi kapena kuti mphatso zitha kukhala mu yonse. The ambiguity la mawu akuti "kunyumba" - chitsanzo wabwino wa chodabwitsa, chimene zilankhulo amatchedwa "polysemy". zitsanzo:

1. nyumba ili m'mphepete mwa mtsinje (kapangidwe ka nyumbayi).
2. Nyumba opareshoni wantchito (chuma).
3. Kuyambira pamenepo, iwo ndi nyumba wochezeka (mabanja).

Nthawi zina, pofuna kulongosola kumatanthauza, m'malo yopapatiza nkhani. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira adjective wamba kumvetsa zimene polysemy. Zitsanzo zimapezeka ndi kulemba, ndi kulankhula.

The adjective "chete" ali ndi matanthauzo ambiri. zitsanzo:

1. The vocalist anaimba motsitsa.
2. Mwana ankasiyana chete m'mutu.
3. dalaivala sanali ulendo chete.
4. Tsiku anali dzuwa bata nyengo.
5. Khoma woonda ndimakhoza kumva kupuma ake zofewa.

Ngakhale nkhani zazing'ono limachititsa kuti anthu amvetse tanthauzo la mawu. Aliyense wa zitsanzo izi adjective "zofewa" akhoza m'malo ndi wina. zitsanzo:

• chete (chete) mawu;
• chete (bata) khalidwe;
• bata (windless) nyengo.

Polysemy - mndandanda wa mfundo chibadidwe wina ndi chizindikiro chomwecho. Imodzi mwa mfundo ndi (munthu mu ofotokozera dictionary nthawi zonse woyamba kutchula) imatengedwa kuti ndi munthu chachikulu. Ena - zotumphukira.

mitundu

Mfundo ya mawu zokhudzana ndi mzake. Iwo amapanga masanjidwe dongosolo zamalankhulidwe. Malinga mfundo zimene kulankhulana Kugwirizanitsa anachokera ku pakati, akhoza olekanitsidwa ndi mitundu polisemii. Onse atatu.

Zozungulira polysemy - chodabwitsa umene aliyense makhalidwe anachokera ndi akulumikizana ndi pakati. Mwachitsanzo: chitumbuwa zipatso, chitumbuwa kupanikizana, chitumbuwa mtundu.

Pamene unyolo polisemii aliyense mfundo zokhudza munthu m'mbuyomu. zitsanzo:

1. Kumanja Bank.
2. Pomwe chipani.
3. Pomwe gulu.

Mbali ya osakaniza ndi wosanganiza polisemii mbali.

fanizo

Polysemy mu Chirasha - chodabwitsa osati lexical komanso stylistic. Chiwerengerochi zosiyanasiyana kulankhula - amadziwikanso anachokera mfundo za chizindikiro makamaka. Ndipo chifukwa mitundu itatu polysemy ndi: mafanizo, metonymy, synecdoche.

Mbali yoyamba tikulankhula kulanda udindo kwa chinthu chimodzi kapena chochitika china. Chifukwa kulanda kufanana ndi mikhalidwe yosiyana.

Ndakatulo wolemera mafanizo. Esenina Tili mawu akuti "Plyuysya, mphepo, armfuls masamba." Mau akuti "sindikusamala" monga mbali ya mawu akuti "analavulira mu moyo" amapezeka nthawi zambiri kwambiri mu ndakatulo za olemba ena. Ndipo choyamba choncho wachiwiri pali metaphorization. M'lemba journalistic kapena sayansi mneni "sindikusamala" akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira limatchula ofotokozera dictionary, ndiko tanthauzo. A Dal limafotokoza lingaliro ili ngati "kunja mphamvu kutaya malovu kuchokera pakamwa."

metonymy

Pali njira zina kulenga phindu latsopano. Metonymy - okhala ndi dzina la chinthu wina ndi mzake zochokera zina zofanana. zitsanzo:

1. Iye anali woumira ndi zokayikitsa koma chifukwa siliva sanasunge mu chipinda ndipo mu chipinda, pansi matiresi lapansi.
2. Chaka chatha, mpikisano wa mayiko a siliva anapita woyimba ku Sweden.
3. Silver - zitsulo Ichi chikudziwika kwa anthu kuchokera kalelo.

Pamene zinthu metonymy kapena zochitika zimene ogwirizana mu dzina limodzi, ndi ogwirizana. M'lembali pali ndithu zosiyanasiyana mayanjano. Nthawi zina amatanthauza zambiri anthu otchedwa mzinda kumene akukhala. Mwachitsanzo: "Moscow anati tiwonana kwa wojambula lalikulu."

synecdoche

Njira imeneyi imagwira kutengerapo zachokera mfundo za mochulukitsa m'malo yekha. Nikolai Gogol Mwachitsanzo, mu ndakatulo "Akufa Miyoyo" nkhani za makhalidwe mtundu wa anthu a Russia. Koma ilo likuti, "Awa ndi anthu Russian ...." Komabe, iye anafotokoza maganizo ofala mu kuwunika anthu osiyana naonetsere servility pamaso pa maudindo mkulu ndi magulumagulu.

zolakwika

Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu osokoneza kumabweretsa kupotoza tanthauzo la chiganizo lonse. Ndipo nthawizina ngakhale azithunzithunzi zosayenera. Katswiri wina tingadziwe zotsatira kwambiri mwa akatswiri amene chinachitika mu kuwombera, anati: "Ndi kuwombera anthu onse." Wina TV mtolankhani kufotokoza njira ya masewera a Chess, yafupika mawu akuti "kanjedza chitukuko", chifukwa anakhala m'malo osokoneza akuti, "Gaprindashvili ali lagged kumbuyo Otsutsa zake chitukuko."

Author ntchito polysemy, ayenera kuonetsetsa olondola mawu ake. Apo ayi, owerenga kumasulira malemba monga akufunira. Mwachitsanzo: "Ophunzira a kusekondale anapita Museum wa Art, ndipo anachita lofunika kwambiri ndi chidwi."