Plato chimene.

Plato ndi waukulu wakale Greek nzeru za anthu. mphunzitsi wake anali Socrates yekha. Plato - woyambitsa wa Academy - sukulu patokha nzeru. Komanso dziwani kuti iye ali woyambitsa wa nzeru idealist.

Plato chimene, mwachidule za amene sangalankhule, wapanga chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha sayansi. Munthu uyu sanali kokha woganiza kwambiri, komanso mphunzitsi amene angathe zilizonse ophunzira wofuna kudziwa. Mosiyana ndi mphunzitsi wake, anasiya ntchito zambiri olembedwa. Zofunika kwambiri kwa iwo;

- Apology ya Socrates;

- Malamulo;

- The State;

- Gorgias;

- Parmelid;

- Feodon.

Ambiri mwa ntchito zake zinalembedwa mu mawonekedwe a dialogues.

Plato chimene

Monga tanena, ndiye anayambitsa chabe. chiphunzitso chake n'zosatheka ndi maganizo otsatirawa:

- dziko lonse zonse kusintha. Iye kulibe monga mankhwala osiyana;

- kwenikweni kokha kulibe yovula (ukonde) malingaliro;

- dziko - Ichi sichina koma ndi chinyezimiro cha malingaliro wangwiro;

- maganizo angwiro ndi zonse wosatha, woona;

- zinthu zonse zilipo otizungulira ndi chinyezimiro cha lingaliro pachiyambi - womwe ndi woyera.

Plato kuika patsogolo mfundo za chiphunzitso cha wa ku lapansi. Malinga ndi izo chifukwa cha zonse alipo zachokera zinthu zitatu izi: wosakwatiwa, nzeru.

Limodzi mu nkhani iyi, ndi maziko a moyo zonse, izo zikhoza kugwirizana ndi zinthu wamba. Kwenikweni, ndi nzeru za Plato, limanena kuti ngwakufunika maziko a malingaliro yoyera. Limodzi ndi chilichonse.

Ku maganizo a zikuchitika limodzi. Iye sikuti wosiyana wamba, koma popenyana ndi ake. Ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri zinthu zonse, generalization wa amoyo onse.

Moyo, mu nkhani iyi, ndi chinthu m'manja, yolumikiza mfundo monga "wina - kanthu," komanso "maganizo - moyo". kuti adzamanga mwamtheradi zinthu zonse ndi zochitika mu dziko lathu. moyo ndi mu dziko ndi munthu. Kukhoza kukhala zinthu. Moyo wa zinthu zamoyo - ndi chidutswa cha moyo dziko. Iwo ali wosafa, ndi imfa padziko lapansi - izo zangokhala chifukwa chochitira kukhazikitsidwa kwa chipolopolo latsopano. Kusintha chipolopolo thupi anatsimikiza ndi malamulo achilengedwe a chilengedwe cha.

Plato nthawi zambiri wokhudza chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso - ndiko kuti, epistemology. Plato ankanena kuti malingaliro oyera ayenera nkhani kudziwa chifukwa chakuti lonse zakuthupi dziko sichina koma chinyezimiro cha iwo.

Plato ndi nthawi wokhudza mavuto a boma. Tikumbukenso kuti mafunso ngati akalambula wake nkomwe kwambiri. Malinga Plato, pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya boma:

- mafumu. Bukuli lili ndi kuwapatsa mphamvu munthu wina;

- mwankhanza. Chimodzimodzi monga mafumu, koma ndi ulamuliro osalungama;

- ndi apamwamba. Iwo amagwirizana ndi ulamuliro chilungamo gulu la anthu;

- oligarchy. Kodi mphamvu uli gulu la anthu amene adzalamulire chosalungama;

- demokalase. Pano, mphamvu ndi wa ambiri, omwe ndi ulamuliro wa chilungamo;

- timocracy. Wosalungama ulamuliro ambiri.

The nzeru za Plato zimabweretsa mtundu wa kapangidwe ka boma dongosolo. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, anthu onse m'magulu atatu yotakata: antchito, nzeru ena, komanso asilikali. Aliyense ayenera kuchita chinthu china. Kupendanso nkhani imeneyi, Plato mowirikiza ndinkadabwa za chuma payekha.

Plato ndi Aristotle

The nzeru za Plato ndi Aristotle ndi ofanana m'njira zambiri. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, popeza lachiwiri mphunzitsi woyamba. Aristotle kudzudzulidwa Plato maganizo ake oyera, chifukwa ine ndimaganiza kuti dziko zikusintha - tikambirane chilichonse chotheka kokha pamaziko a yasintha mozungulira. Malinga ndi Aristotle, pali kokha ena apadera ndi payekha zinthu, ndi malingaliro oyera kwenikweni zosatheka n'kosathandiza.