Phula mpweya - maziko kupanga mpweya koyera

Popeza mpweya onse ndi madera osiyanasiyana a loitanirana, ndipo akhoza liquefied, mpweya, wopangidwa mwa osakaniza mpweya ingakhalenso madzi. Kwenikweni kutulutsa mpweya madzi kupatukana therefrom mpweya wangwiro, asafe ndi argon.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mpaka m'ma 19, asayansi ankaganiza kuti mpweya ali chimodzi chokha boma thupi, koma kubweretsa mlengalenga boma madzi anaphunzira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma lomaliza. Ichi chidachitika ntchito Linde makina, mbali yaikulu ya munali kompresa (galimoto, malinga ndi mpope) ndi kutentha exchanger, akuonetsedwa ngati machubu awiri adagulung'undisa mu mwauzimu, mmodzi imene mkati zina. The chigawo chachitatu cha dongosolo anali thermos, akupita mkati ndi mpweya liquefied. Machine mbali munali chimateteza zipangizo pofuna kupewa kupeza mpweya kuchokera kutentha kunja. Ili pafupi m'kamwa mwa chubu mkati kutsazikana mu kutsamwa ndi.

ntchito mpweya

Kagwiridwe yopangira mpweya madzi ndi wosavuta. Choyamba, osakaniza mpweya lidzayeretsedwa fumbi, particles madzi, komanso mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Pali chigawo china chofunika, popanda zomwe ungatithandize mpweya madzi - kuthamanga. Kudzera mwa kompresa mpweya wothinikizidwa kuti 200-250 ATM, pamene yozizira ndi madzi. Ndiye mpweya umadutsa woyamba kutentha exchanger, kenako ogaŵikana mitundu iwiri, akuluakulu a omwe ali expander lapansi. Mawu amenewa amatanthauza pisitoni makina, amene amagwira ntchito ndi kuwonjezera mafuta. Iwo otembenuka mphamvu kuthekera mu makina, ndi mpweya ndi utakhazikika chifukwa Ankachita ntchito.

Komanso, mpweya, kutsuka awiri kutentha exchanger ndipo potero yozizira otaya chachiwiri kupita kutsogolo, ukatuluka ndi pamodzi thermos lapansi.

turboexpander

Ngakhale kuphweka dzikoli likuonekera, ntchito expander si zotheka pamlingo mafakitale. Akamagwira throttling mpweya kudzera chubu woonda zodula, si zokwanira bwino apatsidwe mphamvu kudya choncho zosavomerezeka kwa mafakitale. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma lomaliza linali funso la kusintha yopanga zitsulo nkhumba, ndi chifukwa cha ichi kuti anali akufuna kuti kuwomba kuchokera mlengalenga ndi okhutira mkulu oxygen. Choncho panali funso za kupanga malonda a mtsogolo.

The pisitoni expander msanga mutadzala ayezi madzi, kotero mpweya M'pofunika Pre-youma, zomwe zimachititsa njira zosavuta ndi mtengo. Anathandiza vuto la chitukuko la Turbo expander ntchito m'malo chopangira mphamvu ndi pisitoni. Kenako Turbo zochulukitsira akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yokonza ndi mpweya wina.

ntchito

Phula mpweya yokha si ntchito, mankhwala wapakatikati kupeza mpweya koyera.

kudzipatula zigawo mfundo zachokera kusiyana mu zigawo za chisakanizo cha otentha: mpweya zithupsa pa -183 °, ndi asafe pa -196 °. madzi mpweya kutentha ndi m'munsimu madigiri mazana awiri, ndipo Kutentha izo, n'zotheka kubala kulekana.

Pamene madzi wayamba pang'onopang'ono asanduke nthunzi mpweya, asafe ukuphwera woyamba, ndipo pambuyo chamunthuyo mbali yaikulu, pa kutentha -183 ° otentha oxygen. mfundo ndi yakuti pamene asafe amakhalabe osakaniza, izo sizingakhoze kupitiriza kutenthetsa, ngakhale pamene ntchito chotenthetsera zina, koma mwamsanga pamene ambiri asafe adzakhala asanduke nthunzi, osakaniza mwamsanga anafika otentha kutentha zotsatirazi gawo la osakaniza, i.e. oxygen.

kuyeretsedwa

Komabe motere sikutheka kupeza mpweya koyera ndi asafe ntchito limodzi. Mpweya boma zamadzimadzi woyamba distillation sitepe lili 78% asafe ndi 21% mpweya Komabe, patsogolo ndondomeko ndi Zing'onozing'ono asafe amakhalabe kwambiri ndi izo asanduke nthunzi ndipo oxygen. Pamene asafe ndende mu madzi akutsikira 50%, mpweya zili mu nthunzi ndi ziwonjezeke kwa 20%. Choncho, gasi chamunthuyo anali Zachepetsedwa kamodzinso ndi pansi distillation kachiwiri. Kwakukulu distillations, ndi bwino adzakhala mankhwala chifukwa.

makampani

Evaporation ndi condensation - awiri njira ina. Madzimadzi choyamba tiyenera kuwononga kutentha, ndipo chachiwiri - kutentha adzamasulidwa. Ngati palibe imfa kutentha, kutentha anamasulidwa ndi odzipereka pa ndondomeko zimenezi. Choncho buku la mpweya condensed ndi zayamba ofanana voliyumu ya asafe chamunthuyo. Zimenezi amatchedwa distillation. A mipweya awiri anapanga chifukwa evaporation mpweya madzi kachiwiri umadutsa iwo, ndipo mpweya wa akudutsa mu condensate, motero kupereka kutentha, potero asanduke nthunzi ena asafe ndi. ndondomeko akubwerezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi.

Industrial yokonza asafe ndi mpweya akupezeka otchedwa rectification mizati.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Pa kukhudzana ndi mpweya madzi zipangizo ambiri Chimaona. Komanso, madzi mpweya - wamphamvu oxidant Komabe, kumenya izo, zinthu organic kuwotcha, kumasuka kutentha kwambiri. Pamene impregnating mpweya madzi ena a zinthu zimenezi kukhala katundu amavutitsa zachiwawa. Khalidweli ndi khalidwe la mankhwala mafuta, monga ochiritsira phula.