Pedagogical chikhalidwe: tanthauzo, zigawo

Chimodzi mwa zofunika ndi zovuta nthawi yomweyo makhalidwe a ntchito mphunzitsi ano ndi mfundo zovuta, monga chikhalidwe pedagogical. Popeza osiyanasiyana ndondomeko maphunziro kusukulu zamakono m'banja, tisaiwale kuti tanthauzo, momveka kutanthauza kuti si yapafupi. Koma yesani kuchita izo, chifukwa lingaliro la aphunzitsi odalirika a m'mbuyomu ndi atumwi Panopa, zimene zikuchitika masiku ano chitukuko cha chikhalidwe.

Vuto la liwulo

Kuchepetsa maganizo chikhalidwe pedagogical wa munthu aliyense, ngakhale capacious, tanthauzo lero kovuta. Vuto lalikulu amachokera kumvetsetsa zomwe chikhalidwe ndi. Pa kwalembedwa lero, kwambiri, kokha ena a oposa mazana asanu. The chachiwiri mabvuto mbali Timaona Kuvuta ya chiphunzitso. Various zongopeka mfundo sudzapereka chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha chinthu phunziro lathu.

Vuto wachiwiri ndi vuto kudziwa malire a pedagogy. Si chinsinsi kuti udindo wa mphunzitsi ayenera kuchita monga mbali yaikulu ya anthu onse padziko lapansi.

Wachitatu vuto mfundo ndi chikhalidwe ano wakhala tsopano torrent, imene zigawo zambiri, complicating ndondomeko ya maphunziro a munthu.

mavuto chikhalidwe

Metamorphosis wa zaka otsiriza: kusintha kwa ndale, mapangidwe ndi anthu lotseguka, liŵiro la kudalirana kunathandiza kwambiri pa dera chikhalidwe. Kusintha udindo wa boma mu maphunziro chikhalidwe cha anthu a, pakalibe otchedwa chambiri chikhalidwe zinachititsa chakuti kuwonjezera ufulu wosankha ndipo akuti analenga zofunika mafuta anali zikamera wa mankhwala chikhalidwe cha khalidwe osauka. M'malo wa ufulu wakusankha ali m'banja lake, kumene munthu amasonyeza chakuti kusankha sanali china chilichonse.

Ukufalitsidwa westernized moyo kwachititsa chakuti Pamlingo waukulu anataya kulemekeza cholowa dziko. Chidwi lenileni chikhalidwe dziko, miyambo chabe tsopano pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kutsitsimutsa.

M'malo zolinga zauzimu zakuthupi munthu n'kukhala mitundu yonse ya katundu ogula ndi mankhwala, ndi kupanda mwayi kugula chinachake, ndipo ukuwonjezeka wina mavuto chikhalidwe anthu.

nkhani Cultural akukhala akuoneka kwambiri ndi kukula kwa mavuto ena okhudzidwa, ndipo izi zonse m'njira inayake akuganizira ndondomeko ya maphunziro, omwe tsopano okha ntchito kupereka yekha zinthu zofunika m'banja. sukulu komanso adatchithisira zomangira zawo, inasanduka repeaters kudziwa lotha mu CD nzeru.

Maganizo ndiponso mfundo

Tikaonanso mfundo chikhalidwe pedagogical, tiona kuti ndi aang'ono. chikuoneka chifukwa chakuti kusintha kwa maganizo technocratic pa ndondomeko ya maphunziro ndi yothandiza masiku ano anthu ambiri. Authoritarian kolowera kusintha pa demokalase choncho kumawonjezera udindo wa mphunzitsi. Pali kufunika kuti kuzindikira miyeso kokha, komanso muyezo wa khalidwe la maphunziro. Kuyambira lero kufunika ukapezeka lingaliro monga chikhalidwe pedagogical.

Pali ambiri ongolankhula zikuchitika umenewu, polingalira mbali zosiyanasiyana za vutoli: ndi kulankhula, makhalidwe abwino, chikhalidwe, za mbiri yakale, sayansi ndi ngakhale thupi. Maphunziro awo, olemba amati kuimira chikhalidwe pedagogical monga kusonyeza chikhalidwe ambiri, amene kumaonekera mu ntchito pedagogical wa mphunzitsi ndi mbali akuyendera kuchuluka kwake makhalidwe akatswiri.

Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo mfundo okhudzana

Monga mbali ya makhalidwe Mkhalidwe wa ntchito mphunzitsi, ena kuposa lingaliro pansi kulingalira amagwiritsidwa ntchito zina, zofanana ndi matanthauzo: chikhalidwe akatswiri yamtunduwu ndi ena. Kudziwa malo aliyense m'dongosolo chikhalidwe cha ntchito mphunzitsi.

Ponena za yamtunduwu kungachititse kuti maganizo odalirika a AS Makarenko, amene ankakhulupirira kuti luso mphunzitsi chifukwa mlingo wake ku ntchito, ndipo zimadalira zonse ndi cholinga ntchito ya mphunzitsi yekha. Kuphatikiza zigawo izi kuwiri limakupatsani linanena bungwe luso pedagogical. Mu mawu ena, yamtunduwu wa mphunzitsi, ndilo chofunika mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha luso lake, zimathandiza kupanga yokulirapo gawo pedagogical chikhalidwe.

Monga tanenera kale, chikhalidwe pedagogical ndi mbali ya chikhalidwe wamkulu wa mphunzitsi ano. Professional chikhalidwe cha mphunzitsi akhoza akuimira mu njira zingapo:

• mtima wosamala kwa mofulumira kusintha zinthu zofunika pa maphunziro ndi maphunziro;
• ndi maganizo awo pedagogical;
• apachiyambi a dziko lauzimu la umunthu wa mphunzitsi;
• mmalo mwa kusankha njira, njira chiphunzitso, ndi zina zotero. d.

Tikumbukenso kuti anapereka chitsanzo makhalidwe amalola kudziwa ubale chikhalidwe kuntchito ndi maphunziro. Monga tanenera kale, ntchito pedagogical sikumangotanthauza aphunzitsi, komanso makolo. Ndiko kuti, iwonso akhale ndi chikhalidwe. Pamwamba ya makhalidwe pamwamba n'chakuti ntchito ya mphunzitsi choncho akhoza amanena kuti chikhalidwe akatswiri ndi mbali yofunika ya chiphunzitso. Yotsirizira akhoza kukhazikitsa pa aphunzitsi katswiri mlingo ndi aphunzitsi, ndi ena ophunzira sanali katswiri wa ndondomeko maphunziro (kawirikawiri makolo).

mawu ochepa za ophunzira ena mu ndondomeko yophunzitsa

Tiyeni tione zodabwitsazi monga chikhalidwe pedagogical wa makolo. Aliyense akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati enaake ankakonzekera wa makolo kuti maphunziro a ana. Izo zimatengera izo ndiye kodi zotsatira za ndondomekoyi.

Kapangidwe ka mfundo kumaphatikizapo pali zinthu:

• kuti makolo mlingo okwanira kusamalira ana awo;
• mapangidwe kudziwa zofunika za kulera ndi chitukuko mwana;
• chitukuko cha luso yeniyeni, kulola kulinganiza ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya ana m'banja;
• muzilankhulana bwino m'banja ndi maphunziro ophunzitsa mabungwe (sukulu ya mkaka, sukulu);
• pedagogical chikhalidwe cha makolo.

Pedagogical chikhalidwe pa mlingo ndi Uwerenge zosiyanasiyana nzeru; maphunziro, maganizo, mankhwala ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi.

Pa udindo wa malingaliro pedagogy

lero zanenedwa kwambiri. Osiyana pedagogical maganizo afotokozedwa mu nthawi yake, Aristotle ndi Plato, Lev Tolstoy ndi Grigoriy Skovoroda, AS Makarenko ndi V. Sukhomlinsky.

Imodzi mwa mfundo wotchuka kwambiri iwowa anali patsogolo za ndondomeko ya maphunziro patsogolo maphunziro. A mphunzitsi wanzeru analenga mfundo zochokera kwa makhalidwe a anthu ndi makhalidwe abwino, poika patsogolo chitukuko cha umunthu wa mwanayo.

Lero, lingaliro la kuphunzitsa zapamwamba simunataye phindu, koma pa nthawi yomweyo amafuna latsopano. N'chifukwa chake lero ndi misonkhano wotchuka, matebulo kuzungulira ndi zina kuwombola zinachitikira ndi kupanga malingaliro atsopano.

Ataona kufunika kwa mfundo zimenezi, zimene anatsimikiza mphunzitsi cha ku Switzerland Shatsky, ananena kuti kutsegula njira yatsopano ku mchitidwe pedagogy, komanso sayansi ake.

Features kulankhulana pakati pa mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira

kulankhulana mwaukadaulo-mphunzitsi ndi dongosolo lonse la ankachita pakati pa mphunzitsi ndi mwana, amene akuyendera cholinga cha maphunziro ndi maphunziro. Zochitika za dongosolo atsimikiziridwa angapo a makhalidwe a wophunzirayo ndi kudalira zaka, maphunziro a olimba, makhalidwe a nkhani kuphunzira.

Akatswiri kudziwa machitidwe awiri:

• dongosolo nkhani chinthu, mu aphunzitsiwo akuyendera monga wolankhula, ndi wophunzira womvera, umatchedwa monologue;
• nkhani nkhani, pamene mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira ali kulankhulana zonse, kuchititsa kukambirana.

Today imatengedwa wachiwiri mwapang'onopang'ono kwambiri, chifukwa zimathandiza wophunzirayo kuti atenge mbali ya kuphunzira. mawonekedwe ntchito zimathandiza wophunzirayo kufika mofulumira nkhaniyo ndipo mphunzitsi limachititsa kuti mwachikulu kwambiri kuunikira kudziwa wophunzirayo.

Tanthauzo ndi milingo chikhalidwe pedagogical

Pomaliza, ndi ankaona zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse, tikhoza kupereka tanthauzo kokwanira kwambiri zimene tingachite chikhalidwe pedagogical. Ndi dongosolo kwathunthu, kuphatikizapo ngati maziko mfundo konsekonse, ndipamene mbali yokulirapo ya njira ya ntchito pedagogical, zotumizira, ukatswiri, ndi chigawo galimoto ndi luso pedagogical ndi chikhumbo mosalekeza kudzikonda akatswiri payekha.

Pamaziko a tanthauzo limeneli ndi milingo zotsatirazi chikhalidwe pedagogical:

• Mkulu: yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zonse zidalembedwa tanthauzo izo;
• Yapakatikati: kupanda chiphunzitso chokwanira zinachitikira makhalidwe amakonda akhale mmisiri, ndi wokhoza akhoza kukhala pa mlingo lamanja; Nthawi zina motere amadziwika pakalibe mtundu uliwonse wodzilamulira chitukuko;
• Low: lililonse chifukwa kuyambira aphunzitsi, pamene akadali yekha ikukhazikitsidwa kulankhulana luso, anapanga bwino, sunayambe njira zawo za chiphunzitso.