Patom Chigwa ndi chinsinsi chake

North a dera Irkutsk isiyana ndi malo ena Siberia, osati kukongola wapadera kwa malo, komanso pamaso pa chinthu, amene anachokera akadali chinsinsi chachikulu kwa asayansi. Patom Chigwa, kapena "phiri mphungu chisa", anapeza pakati pa zana la 20. Zamiyala Vadim Kolpakov ndiye sanadziwe kuti kutsegula lake lozungulira adzakhala kuganizira anthu. Mwambi Patom Chigwa kuli Mabaibulo angapo mapangidwe ake, palibe omwe sanapeze umboni kwambiri kapena zochepa mtima.

Mbiri ya Mipukutu ya ku Chigwa Siberia: momwe zinaliri

History of anapeza zachilendo mapangidwe miyala ndi zachilendo kwambiri mu nayonso Siberia. Patom Chigwa, chithunzi omwe si kawirikawiri, koma Tingaone pa TV, anali woyamba anatengera Vadimom Kolpakovym ndi gulu la Akatswiriwa amene amapanga mapu miyala ya m'deralo, chifukwa ngatimadzi wamba.

Pyonsene pyacitika m'chilimwe, nyengo inali yotentha kwambiri. Ikulu mu kukula chinthu chokhala ngati piramidi, patapita wachinsinsi ndi asayansi mulu silo zinyalala, koma zizindikiro za migodi anapezeka pafupi. Zinali ndiye, mu 1949, Vadim Kolpakov anazindikira kuti Patom Chigwa - ndi chinachake chapadera. malingaliro angapo za zimayambitsa iye patsogolo maphunziro ake: kubadwa kwa kuphulika latsopano, kufufuza kwa kugwa kwa miyala yochokera wagwa kapena zikuchitika mu kuya kwa zimene nyukiliya.

The kungoganizira loyamba: kugwa kwa kugwa kwa miyala yochokera ndi

Maulendowa choyamba, kupita kufufuza Patom Chigwa, amene ndondomeko analembedwa Kolpakov anali anasonkhana zaka pokhapokha pafupifupi 15 - mu 1963. Iwo anali kuika kwa kukula kwa atypical Geological mtunda chinthu ndi lili zipangizo kuti mwina waunikira chiyambi chake. Komabe, ngakhale uyu sanali kudziwa motsimikiza chifukwa pakati pa mapiri wobiriwira yokutidwa ndi conifers, anapanga chotero Chigwa chachikulu.

Mokomera kugwa kwa miyala yochokera anati zinthu monga mawonekedwe a Chigwa ndi ngodya zake za otsetsereka. Pa nthawi yomweyo pansi pa nyuzi chachikulu zizindikiro za chammwamba thanthwe anapezeka. Ngakhale Apezeka dzenje dvuhsotmetrovuyu sizinathandize ofufuza kupeza umboni uliwonse wolankhula za malo olondola.

Volcano kapena ...

Baibulo lachiwiri la wosatsutsika woyamba, chifukwa mu nkhalango anaonekera Patom Chigwa - zochitika paphirilo. Komabe, kutenga nkhani dongosolo la mbale tectonic, ndi kusowa kwa ntchito zivomerezi mu malo mu zaka zingapo zapitazo, asayansi anakakamizika kusiya amanena. Komanso, phiri kumene unachokera (mawonekedwe Chigwa bwino wosakanikirana pansi tanthauzo ili) sanathe yomweyo udzawonongedwa, ndipo apitiriza kuthamangitsa matumbo ake lililonse thanthwe ndi mipweya, monga mwachizolowezi pa chiyambi anthu.

An Echo wa Tunguska kugwa kwa miyala yochokera?

Baibulo lotsatira za chiyambi cha Chigwa anali atapereka angapo zaka A. M. Portnovym. Pambuyo kusonkhanitsa ulendo wina kuphunzira Patom Chigwa (2013), wasayansi kuyesera kuti apeze "Tunguska njira." chakuti maphunziro zikufanana kwambiri ku malo ena, ili pa mzere wolunjika pakati Patom Chigwa ndi malo amati anagwa Tunguska kugwa kwa miyala yochokera. Komabe, Baibulo ili ndi kudya fiasco monga larch, kukula pa malo otsetsereka a zachilendo mapangidwe miyala, anakulira kale kwambiri kugwa kwa miyala yochokera pa Tunguska mtsinje (za 130-150 zaka). Kuchokera pa mfundo zimenezi, asayansi anakana kugwirizana ndi Baibulo la kugwa kwa miyala yochokera kwa dongosolo ngati miyala monga Patom Chigwa. 2014 komanso sanaulule chilichonse chatsopano, koma mwina ndi "kufufuza nyukiliya."

Nyukiliya anachita kapena chinachake?

Ngakhale amphamvu maziko cheza m'dera mosadziwika anatuluka mapangidwe miyala, pali lomwe maonekedwe ake zingakubweretsereni zimene oipa a nyukiliya zinthu. Spila ndi mitengo m'kati ulendo wina analola asayansi kudziwa kuti Patom Chigwa pa ubale wina ndi iwo. mphete pachaka ndi larches amene adakula pafupi ndi izo, muli isotopes. Tikayang'ana njira yomwe ndi chiwerengero cha anali isanafalikire zinthu nyukiliya, akatswiri anakhazikitsa deti limeneli la mkangano wa ntchito imeneyi: pafupifupi 1845. Zonsezi chinachititsa Akatswiriwa ndi akatswiri ena kuganizira zotheka kuphatikizidwa pa nkhani ya zouluka zinthu kwa maplaneti ena, amene ntchito ngati mafuta ureniamu.

mlendo njira

Malinga asayansi ena, Patom Chigwa m'dera Irkutsk mungakumane chifukwa cha kugunda ndi Dziko chinthu cylindrical. Chifukwa tubular? Choyamba, kuya kwa Chigwa limasonyeza malowedwe mwachilungamo zozama za thupi mu thanthwe, lomwe ndi zina kwa mitundu ina ya zinthu kugwa. Chachiwiri, kuzungulira Chigwa anawapeza miyala ndi zinyalala, umene kugwa kwa zinthu cylindrical kupezeka nthaŵi zonse lalikulu zedi. The kungoganizira zachokera chakuti yamphamvu pambuyo ozama kuti akuya pafupifupi 300 meters anathamangira ku thumba gasi, anawasiya miyala wophwanyidwa akhala kukankhira kunja pamwamba. Pakali pano, buku ili m'gulu la ndithu ambiri, ndi kupanda umboni wa kugwa kwa danga chinthu anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti m'zaka 18 (anakhazikitsa tsiku la Patom Chigwa), dera sanali asezare.

Yakut nthano Patom Chigwa

Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma Patom Chigwa akhala kudziwika mu chigawo lonse. m'deralo, amene icho "phiri mphungu chisa", pali nthano zambiri zokhudza malo awa. Akuti pafupi anthu ake ndi kumverera zosamvetsetseka mantha, chisoni, kapena chiwonongeko. Amene anakhala naye, posakhalitsa anamwalira: kudzipha kapena analekanitsidwa ndi zimbalangondo. Inde, m'dera limeneli Zikatero kungakhale wamba, koma yozizira kapena kasupe oyambirira. Komabe, pafupi wa Chigwa Patom zochitika zosamvetsetseka zimachitika: chimbalangondo kuukira m'chilimwe, omwe si mmene kwa iwo.

Ophunzira Geological Maulendo kupita ku malo awa, monga umboni zochitika osadziŵika. Choncho, mu 2004 njira Chigwa zonse mwadzidzidzi anafa Irkutsk miyala ndi nthaka Yevgeny Vorobyov. Mwamwayi ina, iye anali ndi vuto la mtima zinachitika, ngakhale kale mtima kafukufuku anadandaula. Kumene, chochitika akhoza zimachitika zowawa mwachizolowezi chifukwa kusintha nthawi ya m'nkhalango, koma ziwalo zina za ulendo komanso womasuka.

Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro chiwerengero chachikulu cha mfundo, katundu ndi nkhani zina zomwe kuunikira pa chiyambi Patom Chigwa, nkhani ikuyamba ndi iye yekha. N'zotheka kuti zaka, Akatswiriwa, Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe ndi asayansi ochokera m'madera ena adzatha muganize momwe pakati pa m'dera limeneli panali chozizwitsa.