N'zosiyana osmosis - chitsimikizo cha madzi oyera

Ambiri amachita chidwi ndi dzina chachirendo chotero chodabwitsa "n'zosiyana osmosis". Iwo zichokela ku liwu lachigiriki kuthamanga kapena Kankhani. Zimatanthauza ndondomeko mowiriza ya misa kutengerapo, kawirikawiri madzi, mwa Kakhungu - ndi semipermeable Kakhungu amene alekanitsa njira ziwiri ndi ndende kwambiri. Izi zikhoza mwachitsanzo kukhala saline njira ndi madzi woyera.

umisiri

Pamene Kakhungu, ukuyenda madzi okha chinthu wambiri kuti midadada njira ya amafotokozera kusungunuka, ndiye nthawi ina, kwinakunso amapezeka. Anzanga, limagwirizana mbali ya akutilola, amatchedwa osmotic. zodabwitsazi ntchito kuyambira makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi wotsiriza zochizira madzi, makamaka kupanga kumwa nyanja.

Pakali pano, n'zosiyana osmosis mwina luso zotsogola. Bukuli lili pa ntchito dzina chomwecho Kakhungu lapansi. Akukhulupirira kuti akhoza kuyeretsa madzi zilipo zosafunika lachibadwa.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

N'zosiyana osmosis, monga ndondomeko ya kulekanitsa zigawo njira Chrixitu, ali ndi mbiri mwachilungamo yaitali. Agiriki akale, makamaka Aristotle unkachitika kuti pa ndime ya m'madziwo kufyola mu chotengera cha Sera desalted.

Kuphunzira njira Kakhungu mwatsatanetsatane linayamba m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, pamene Reaumur zolinga sayansi ankagwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe semipermeable Kakhungu. Komabe, kufikira makumi za m'ma otsiriza, njira izi kudzalamulira mayesero zasayansi.

Mu 1927, German olimba "Sartorius" zitsanzo za yokumba zopinga theka-permeable anali woyamba analandira. Technology chitukuko anali kutsogolera zomwe ntchito Zosefera n'zosiyana osmosis mu mafakitale ndi kunyumba.

Nkhondo itatha, America, ku Germany, zochokera zikuchitika, anayamba kutulutsa nembanemba cellulosic. Izo zinali kokha mu zaka zao za sikisite mochedwa, pamene anayamba kufalitsa yopanga angapange, anayamba kuchita kafukufuku woyamba ndi chitukuko, omwe anakhala m'munsi mwa ntchito mafakitale osmosis.

Panopa konsekonse anakhazikitsa m'magulu otere Amawapatsa kulola madzi akumwa ndi digiri pazipita kuyeretsedwa. kapangidwe kake analandira pa linanena bungwe la dongosolo "n'zosiyana osmosis" imatengedwa wochezeka. Malinga ndi makhalidwe ake, ndi pafupi oundana akale madzi kusungunuka.

ntchito

Zosefera madzi - chigamulocho osmosis - chikugwirizana ndi mains madzi, amene amadza anafuna kukonza madzi, potuluka zosafunika ndi amasankhidwa mu kuchimbudzi lapansi. Dongosololi limapangidwa pretreatment ntchito Ndi m'mithunzi kudzera Kakhungu lapansi. Kenako, otaya, kupeza yoyamba galimoto, amene ati madzi mwayeretsa, ndi kale mu kuyeretsa komaliza, ndiyeno - mu mpopi.

N'zosiyana Osmosis Sefani tsopano ndi yosafuna zambiri, mosalekeza ndi odalirika njira. Timatha inu kuchepetsa ambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu kusungunuka ndipo colloidal kusungunuka ndi pafupi kwathunthu, kuchotsa madzimadzi ku mavairasi ndi tizilombo.

Zofunika kwambiri ndondomeko lonse ndi chisanadze mankhwala. Mu dongosolo ili nembanemba (n'zosiyana osmosis) - kwambiri mtengo mosinthana amafotokozera. Nthawi ya opaleshoni umadalira, choyamba, pa ubwino wa madzi umene ukubwerawo. Pa nthawi imeneyi lidalembedwa Zosefera zitatu mu nkhani, amene ntchito ndi kukonza madzi kudutsa nembanemba lapansi.