Nyumba ya Msonkhano Noble - cholinga cha moyo wa anthu mkulu

Maziko, pali anthu maziko a chisanadze chosintha Russia anali anthu otchuka - apamwamba, mwayi kalasi. Lodzilamulira thupi la kalasi, amene anaonekera mu 1766, chapeza mphamvu milandu 1785 pambuyo kulowa mu mphamvu ya "hayala kwa anthu otchuka."

Okongola ndi cholimba

Assembly wolemekezeka amatchedwanso "wolemekezeka", ndi dzina la kupanga izo momveka kuti lodzilamulira thupi la anthu ndi magazi buluu. Mwachibadwa, misonkhano amene anachitika kamodzi mu zaka zitatu, kunali koyenera kolowera yoyenera. Society chokongoletsera chofunika chimango yabwino. Nyumba ya Msonkhano otchuka mu malikulu a zigawo ndi m'mizinda ikuluikulu zinamangidwa mu malo ya; chifukwa yomanga awo anaitanidwa ndi ojambula zithunzi zabwino kuchokera m'mayiko onse.

Funani ndi pambuyo zisinthe

Anamanga nyumba kwa zaka zambiri, ambiri a iwo anapulumuka ndipo zokopa akuluakulu a mizinda chapakati zigawo. Noble Assembly nyumba m'mizinda monga Smolensk, Vologda, Vladimir, Ufa, Kostroma, Tver ndi zokongoletsa zina midzi awa ndi zipilala za mbiri ndi mamangidwe a m'madera amenewa. Iwo ankakhala ndi zipangizo chikhalidwe - kumene Philharmonic Society (St. Petersburg, Smolensk), kumene Academy of Art University (Ufa). Mu Moscow otchuka Assembly kumanga kwa zaka zambiri House zilumikizano (zikanadziwika pansi dzina kuti).

Likulu la zachikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe

Osati kulankhula za ntchito yomwe Nyumba ya Msonkhano wolemekezeka mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo chikhalidwe cha mitu onse. The otchuka wotchuka anaonekera pa siteji ya nyumba kwambiri kudzikondweretsa ndi chonyezimira mipira aperekedwa apa kwambiri. Moscow nyumbayi inamangidwa ndi wotchuka ndi otchuka pa nthawi imeneyo wamanga zoweta Matveem Fedorovichem Kazakovym, amene anamangidwanso lonse chapakati gawo la mzinda. Latsopano nyumba, kuphatikizapo Assembly wa Noble House (mu Moscow izo mwalamulo amatchedwa Nyumba ya otchuka), zinamangidwa mu kalembedwe classicism oyambirira, lotchedwa "palladianstva" (polemekeza wamanga ku Italy Andrea Palladio).

Moscow House

Imodzi mwa nyumba zokongola kwambiri mu Moscow, ili mu Okhotny Ryad, linamangidwa palibe pasanafike 1755. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mayankho ku funso kuti kodi Nyumba ya Msonkhano wolemekezeka, umene nthawi zanu. Malinga ndi zikalata zina, mwamuna woyamba nyumba, Prince VM Dolgorukov-Krymsky yemwe anamwalira mu 1754, anamanga nyumba ya yekha. Koma pambuyo kuchoka kwa dziko ena Moscow otchuka Association akugula nyumba zikuluzikulu zofuna zawo, ndicho kugwira zochitika zosangalatsa kumeneko. Iwo akhamukira pano pa zikondwerero chachikulu onse Russian otchuka. Ndi apa anali wotchuka "Fair Mkwatibwi", zimene zinabweretsa azakhali anga Tatyana Larina.

Wotchuka nthawi zonse

Ndime Nyumba ya nyumbayi, yomwe inamangidwa pafupi boma la Russia, ndi Soviet Union kudadziwika dziko, koma mu zaka wanzeru wa Catherine, monga mwa nthawi Pushkin, iwo basi kumenya mtima wa Russia. Chinali Moscow Nyumba ya Msonkhano Noble. Kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi nyumba iyi, zovuta kunena, chifukwa mu amati choyambirira zinatha mpaka 1917, koma ndiye, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, si kwa mphindi sanali zophwetsa moyo. nyumbayi unachitikira angapo misonkhano ya World Chess Championship. Mtengo wa Khirisimasi mu Nyumba ya mizati unachitika kuyambira mu 1935, popanda kukokomeza, wakhala kudadziwika dziko lalikulu. Tinganenenso kuti ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu mphamvu, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pamene panali Nyumba ya Msonkhano Noble, ndipo lero pali zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi zofunika. Umodzi wa omalizira yachisoni chochitika kugwirizana ndi maliro Evgeniya Primakova.

Nyumba ya Msonkhano mfulu ya Capital Kumpoto

Mwina chifukwa nyumba zimenezi zinamangidwa ena zochitika zofunika chisangalalo, iwo sanavutike tsoka chisoni chiwonongeko ndi chisokonezeko. Izi imakhudzanso nyumba odziwika mu St. Petersburg, yomwe tsopano m'nyumba dziko wotchuka Concert Hall Conservatory Shostakovich - mmodzi wa malo chikhalidwe cha Russia. Pamene panali Nyumba ya Msonkhano otchuka likulu kumpoto, ndi amene anamangidwa? nyumbayi, mbali ya gulu loyimba wa Tirhana Square, zinalengedwa ndi K. I. Rossi. Anamanga nyumba wamanga Pol Zhako mu zaka 1834-1839. Mmodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa nyumba iyi ndi holo ndi zowulutsira chodabwitsa. N'zosadabwitsa, ndi Philharmonic Hall. Pansi atatu poyamba inkakhala St. Petersburg Assembly wa Noble House.

1901 analowa mbiri ya nyumba superstructure quadruple chapamwamba pansi, yomwe ili pamwamba pa cornice yakwaniritsidwa. kukhazikitsanso ichi, chimene anakhudzidwa ndi masitepe wamkulu ndi kunja kwa nyumbayo ikuchitika ndi wamanga A. P. Maksimovym ntchito V. A. Shretera. Mu 1948-49 (pambuyo pa nkhondo), wamanga IG Kantsyug, amene anatsogolera ntchito kubwezeretsa, anabwezeretsedwa nyumba monga mwa zojambula K. I. Rossi.

M'nyengo ya Soviet

Pamene Nyumba ya Msonkhano otchuka unakhazikitsidwa mu St. Petersburg, ankafuna choti boma, palibe amene anaganiza kuti nyumbayi tidzakhala anthu odziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Petersburg Philharmonic Society wotsegulira pa June 12, 1921, mabingu si manyazi ndondomeko pa nkhani ya Metropolitan Benjamin, 86 Orthodox ansembe, komanso ntchito chachikulu cha Seventh Symphony D. D. Shostakovicha adawomba pano August 9, 1942. Izi chizindikiro cha invincibility wa anatseka misewu ya Leningrad. Kwa zaka zambiri oimba lotsogoleredwa ndi Yu. H. Temirkanov. V. V. Putin lotchedwa St. Petersburg Philharmonic "malo namolennye."