Harvester Niva - kunyada kwa Soviet engineering

Kumayambiriro kwa autumn kumadera aulimi, nthawi yokolola imayamba. Makina amphamvu amapita kumunda kuti akathandize ntchito yovuta kwa alimi. Koma ochepa amadziwa kuti kuphatikiza Niva, yomwe yakhazikika kwambiri pamoyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku, yakhala ikudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali. Zitsanzo zoyambirira zinapezeka ku USA ku 1828 kutali. Zowonjezereka, osati makina okha, koma patent kwa iwo. Mwamwayi, chipangizo chomwe chinadula ming'oma, chimapunthira ndi kukolola tirigu ku mankhusu sichinamangidwe. Njira yoyambayi inamangidwa mu ufumu wa Russia mu 1830. Linali ndi zipangizo zopunthira, fan ndi screen. Patatha zaka zitatu galimoto yosokonekera inamangidwa. Iye ankagwira ntchito kumunda mpaka pano, pamene ku Ulaya anthu ankagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chojambula choyambirira chikuphatikizapo wokolola nthawi yomweyo ku Australia. Masiku ano, pali makina apadera a tirigu, forage ndi udzu, shuga beet, mbatata komanso zokolola zipatso.

Nchito yokolola ya Niva yakhala yodzitama kwa makampani opanga makina kwa zaka zambiri. Nthano yochititsa chidwi SK-5 Niva wakhala yokhudzana ndi munda wa golidi ndi tirigu wobiriwira kwazaka zambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yoyamba yamagetsi omwe sankafuna mphamvu yamagetsi ya thirakitala, mahatchi kapena nyama zina. Kale kale pa maziko ake anawoneka bwino kuphatikizapo Niva Zotsatira.

Wokolola wothandizira ali ndi mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zonse amachititsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana: kudula matabwa, kuwatsogolera kumapulo opunthira mbewu, kupunthira mbewu, kugawa mbewu ndi nkhumba, kudyetsa mkate woyeretsedwa ku bunker ndi kuwatsitsa. Ndipotu, wokolola wa Niva akuphatikiza ntchito za mitundu itatu ya zipangizo zophweka kwambiri: mutu, phulusa ndi makina opeta.

Phatikizani wokolola Niva panthawi ina anakhala revolution. Kuwongolera kwake sikungowonjezera zokolola za ulimi ndi ntchito, zinapitiliza patsogolo zamakono zamakono. Ndipo aloleni lero kuti makinawo amapereka kuchuluka kwa imfa ya tirigu, koma ndiye iwo anali njira yothetsera minda yonse. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, anthu ochepa chabe amadziwa kuti kupanga makina amenewa kunali ndi cholinga china chobisika. Kutulutsidwa kwa mgwirizano kunatanthawuza kupanga zipangizo zapadera zomwe zingasinthe chipangizo cha mtendere kukhala galimoto yodzitetezera ku ntchito za usilikali. Ogwira ntchito ku fakitale anaphunzitsidwa mobisa kuti adziŵe choti achite ngati asilikali akufunikira thandizo lawo.

Pogonjetsedwa ndi Soviet Union, zitsanzo za mayiko akutsidya lina lakutsidya lina zinkafika ku mayiko ena khumi ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri ndipo tsopano ndi mayiko odziimira okhaokha. Wolemekezeka wotchuka Niva adayamba kutaya pansi, chifukwa adatsalira kutali kumbuyo kwake. Zinali zopambana kwambiri: mafuta, kusowa kwa tirigu, moyo wautumiki komanso kukhalabe ndi moyo. Ndipo m'magalimoto achilendo kunali kovuta kugwira ntchito: mochuluka phokoso ndi kuzunzika, mpando wokhala bwino komanso kupezeka kwa ntchito zina. Komabe, m'midzi yambiri ndi yaying'ono m'minda, mutha kuonabe chimphona chofiira, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kukula kwa nthawi yakale.