Nyama - ndi malamulo a nyama .... mitundu zolengedwa zoyamwitsa

Nyama kapena nyama - ndi ambiri mwadongosolo inakhala. Development ya ubongo, kudyetsa ng'ombe mkaka, moyo kubadwa, otentha bloodedness awalola kunafalikira lonse ndipo mutenge zosiyanasiyana malo. Nyama - ndi nyama zimene zimakhala m'nkhalango (nguluwe, mphalapala, hares, nkhandwe, afisi), mapiri (nkhosa, mbuzi phiri), steppes ndi theka-zipululu (mbewa yoyenda modumpha, hamsters, agologolo, saiga mphalapala) m'nthaka (makoswe Mfuko ndi timadontho-timadontho) nyanja ndi nyanja (anamgumiwa, zinsomba). Ena mwa iwo (mwachitsanzo, mileme), yambiri moyo wawo yogwira mu mlengalenga. Lero tikudziwa kuti kuli mitundu yoposa 4 zikwi za nyama. Madongosolo a nyama, komanso makhalidwe a nyama - zonse izi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi malongosoledwe a dongosolo lawo.

kapangidwe kunja

izi thupi nyama ali ndi tsitsi (mtembo wake ngakhale zinsomba). Kusiyanitsa coarse tsitsi molunjika (msana) zitani kumulowetsa (undercoat). Kuyambira kuipitsidwa ndi kukhuthula undercoat amateteza msana. Ubweya wa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa chivundikiro akhoza zigwirizana a msana (mwachitsanzo, gwape), kapena undercoat (monga timadontho-timadontho). Nyama zimenezi ndi nthawi kukhetsa. Mu nyama, mmene osalimba zimasiyanasiyana ubweya, ndi zina chekeni. Khungu la nyama ndi follicles tsitsi, thukuta ndi zopangitsa sebaceous ndi zosintha awo (yamkaka ndi odorous England), tentha mthupi mamba (ngati mchira wa beavers ndi makoswe), ndi zina nyanga mapangidwe zikuchitika pa khungu (nyanga, ziboda, misomaliyo, chiombankhanga). Poganizira kapangidwe ka nyama ya, tiona kuti miyendo ili pansi thupi ndi kupereka nyama zambiri kayendedwe wangwiro.

mafupa

Chigaza cha iwo mwamphamvu anayamba cranium. Mu nyama, mano ali mu nsagwada za maselo. Kawirikawiri anawagawa muzu, canines ndi incisors. Msana khomo lachiberekero wapangidwa pafupifupi nyama vertebrae zisanu ndi ziwiri. Iwo movably olumikizidwa kwa mzake, kupatula awiri sacral ndi caudal, amene kukula aphatikizane kuti apange sacrum - fupa limodzi. Nthiti ndi olumikizidwa kwa vertebrae thoracic, ndiwo ambiri kuyambira 12 mpaka 15. kwambiri nyama lamba forelimb mawonekedwe wophatikizidwa tsamba ndi clavicle. Ochepa okha nyama zimasungika khwangwala mafupa. Mafupa a chiuno tichipeza mafupa awiri m'chiuno zinaphatikizidwa ndi sacrum lapansi. Mafupa nthambi - monga mafupa ndi m'madipatimenti, komanso nthumwi zina za nyama zimene zili anayi-miyendo.

Kodi nyama akaona?

Nyama - ndi nyama, ndi makutu kuthandiza kunyamula zofukiza, komanso kudziwa malangizo awo. maso awo zikope ndi nsidze. Pa nthambi m'mimba, mutu ili ndevu - yaitali, coarse tsitsi. Nyama ntchito kumva ngakhale kukhudza pang'ono kuti nkhani.

Magwero a nyama

Komanso mbalame, nyama - ndi mbadwa za zokwawa akale. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi kufanana nyama zamakono ndi zokwawa ano. Kwenikweni, akuwonetseredwa mu magawo oyambirira chitukuko wosabadwayo. Ngakhale zambiri umboni kufanana chinapezeka mwa iwo ndi abuluzi nyama ngati, zinatha zaka zambiri zapitazo. Komanso kuyandikana ndi zokwawa ndi chakuti pali nyama kuikira mazira okhala kwambiri zakudya. Ena mwa nyama zimenezi ndi cloaca, anayamba khwangwala a mafupa ndi zizindikiro zina chenjezo la bungwe otsika. Ndi za yinotheria (dzira-kuika). Ife angakuuzeni zambiri za iwo.

yinotheria

Ndi subclass nyama ambiri wosazindikira moyo lero. Pamodzi ndi zinthu tatchula kale, tisaiwale kuti alibe nthawi zonse thupi kutentha. Mammary England yinotheria mulibe nsonga zamabele. Young aswa mazira, nyambititsa mkaka ubweya mayi.

The monotremes - wina wagawo akuyimila pakatikati subclass izi. Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu 2: ndi echidna ndi platypus. Nyama zimenezi tsopano angapezeke mu Australia, ndipo zisumbu pafupi izo. Platypus - sing'anga-kakulidwe nyama. Iye wakonda moyo pa gombe la mitsinje ndi apa ndi theka-m'madzi moyo. Dzenje anakumba iwo mu banki phompho, amathera nthawi zambiri. Platypus masika wamkazi amaikira mazira (iwo amakhala awiri) mu dzenje wapadera, ndi okonzeka kukaikira mazira chipinda. Njoka - burrowing nyama. thupi lawo ali ndi ubweya zolimba ndi masingano. Zazikazi nyama mumagona dzira limodzi, zomwe iwo anaika mu thumba - ndi khola la khungu, yomwe ili pa pamimba. Hatchling, aswa ku izo, mpaka mu thumba mpaka thupi sikumawonekera singano.

marsupials

nyama monga marsupials detachment amene adzabereka mwana wamng'ono ndiye amavala iwo mu thumba lapadera. Iwo bwino kwambiri, kapena osati latuluka aumbike. Marsupials kufalitsa makamaka Australia, komanso pa zilumba pafupi izo. Wotchuka wa iwo - ndi marsupial Nyamuliranani (koala) ndi kangaroos chiphona.

zimadya

Insectivorous - unit kuti Chili wakale achikale nyama placental: hedgehogs, shrews, timadontho-timadontho, abwampini. Kuipanikiza elongated awo, ali ndi Zikuluzikulu elongated. Mano insectivorous kakang'ono ndipo mapazi awo ndi manambala asanu. Ambiri a iwo ali pafupi muzu mchira kapena mbali thupi ndi zopangitsa odorous.

Shrew - oimira zing'onozing'ono insectivores. Iwo amakhala mu udzu, zitsamba, nkhalango zowirira. Zilombozi voracious ndi kuukira nyama zing'onozing'ono. Mu nthawi yozizira, iwo amaika mumsewu chimachititsanso chisanu ndi kupeza tizilombo.

Timadontho-timadontho - nyama, kutsogolera moyo mobisa. Akumba ndi miyendo kutsogolo mabowo ambiri. Pa maso a Mole ali bwino kukulitsa ndi madontho akuda. Kutangoyamba ndi makutu. Short wandiweyani odula ali ndi malangizo ena ndi kupsa snugly kwa thupi pamene ikuyenda. Timadontho-timadontho zikugwira ntchito chaka chonse.

cheiroptera

Detachment Mileme Mileme kapena zikutanthauza umembala wake nyama zamitundu sing'anga ndi zazing'ono, zomwe angathe wolingalira ndege. Mu mayiko kotentha achuluka kwambiri. Mano a awa nyama zimene zimadya mtundu. Ambiri mu dziko plecotus Chikopa wathu, vechornytsi. Oimira mileme kukhala attics wa nyumba m'maenje a mitengo, mu mapanga. Masana amakonda kugona m'misasa yawo, ndi madzulo anabwera kuti igwire tizilombo touluka.

makoswe

gulu Izi zikutibweretsa limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mitundu nyama zokhala lathuli lero. Zikuphatikizapo mapuloteni, agologolo, makoswe ndi nyama zina za sing'anga ndi yaing'ono kukula. Makoswe ndi achipembedzo - nyama zamiyendo Inayi. Iwo kwambiri anayamba incisors (aliyense nsagwada - awiri), pa molars ndi lathyathyathya kutafuna pamwamba. No mizu ya incisors wa makoswe. Iwo nthawi zonse kukula, zokha ndi opsinjika ndi chakudya. Ambiri a makoswe ali ndi intestine yaitali ndi cecum. Makoswe ndi arboreal (dormouse, agologolo zouluka, agologolo), komanso (agologolo pansi, makoswe) theka-m'madzi (muskrat, nutria, beavers) ndi theka-mobisa. Izi nyama wakhama. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi achinyamata anabadwa wakhungu wausiwa. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu zisa, m'maenje ndi mabowo.

lagomorphs

gulu Izi zikutibweretsa pamodzi zosiyanasiyana mbalame, akalulu ndi pikas - nyama, ofanana zinthu zambiri kwa makoswe ndi. Ndi yeniyeni dentition waukulu mbali ya lagomorphs. Iwo ndi 2 wodula kakang'ono kumbuyo 2 chachikulu pamwamba. Kalulu (kalulu, kalulu) kudya makungwa a zitsamba ndi mitengo achinyamata, udzu. Iwo anatuluka kudyetsa analamula ndi usiku. Young obadwa woona, ndi ubweya wakuda. Mosiyana mbalame, akalulu kukumba kamakumba una kwambiri. Female asanabadwe amaliseche ndi akhungu achinyamata amapanga chisa cha pansi, iye chimakakamiza kunja bere lake, komanso udzu wouma.

zimadya

Oyimira a gulu limeneli (zimbalangondo, weasels, marten, amphaka, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, afisi) kudyetsa zambiri mbalame ndi nyama zina. zolusa awo nyama nyama mwachangu mutsatidwa. Mano a nyama anawagawa incisors, canines ndi zakwawoko. The ambiri otukuka ndi canines, ndi 4 molars. The oimira gulu ili lalifupi intestine. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zolusa nyama kudya mosavuta zidyeke ndi mkulu-kalori zakudya.

pinnipeds

Ife chitani pinnipeds kuganizira. owayimilira (walruses, zisindikizo) - lalikulu zolusa m'madzi nyama. Apo coarse tsitsi anaphimba thupi ambiri a iwo. Miyendo ya nyama ndi kusinthidwa kuti zipsepse. A nkhungu wosanjikiza wa mafuta uyikidwa pansi pa khungu lawo. mphuno ali kutsegulidwa yekha pa nthawi ya inhalation ndi mpweya. Pamene mabowo pamadzi makutu amakhala otseka.

cetacea

Izi nyama zam'madzi - gulu la anamgumi amitundu - ali mbali ya kumuwombera izi. Thupi la mawonekedwe awo nsomba monga. Izi nyama zam'madzi kwa gawo ambiri alibe tsitsi thupi - iwo zimasungika kokha kuzungulira pakamwa. The zipsepse akusinthika forelimbs ndi kunsana kwina. Kayendedwe ka m'madzi zimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri mchira wake wamphamvu, amene itha chipsyepsye caudal. Kulakwa kunena kuti msilikaliyo nyama - nsomba. Ndi nyama, ngakhale kunja iwo amafanana nsomba. Oimira m'madzi zimakhala - nyama yaikulu. Chinsomba buluu kufika kutalika mamita 30.

artiodactyls

Mu wagawo ndi monga sing'anga-kakulidwe ndi lalikulu nyama omnivorous ndi zamiyendo Inayi. mapazi awo ndi 2 kapena 4 zala kwambiri yokutidwa ziboda. Malinga ndi mbali structural za m'mimba ndi chakudya njira iwo anawagawa sanali ruminant ndi ruminant. Yotsirizira (nkhosa, mbuzi, gwape) cutters Mwa nsagwada m'munsi ndi molars ndi yotakata kutafuna pamwamba. Mu sanali ruminant umodzi chipinda m'mimba, ndipo mano anawagawa muzu, canines ndi incisors.

solipeds

Tipitirize kufotokoza magulu a nyama. Solipeds - izi ndi nyama, ngati akavalo, mbidzi, abulu, nguluwe, zipembere. Pa mapazi awo ambiri a iwo apanga pa chala, limene pali ziboda chachikulu. Lero, wa akavalo zakutchire anapulumuka yekha Przewalski kavalo.

anyani

Ichi ndi nyama koposa otukuka. Detachment zikuphatikizapo prosimians ndi anyani. Ali ndi miyendo prehensile ndi manambala asanu, chala chachikulu zimatsutsana ndi ena. Pafupifupi onse anyani ndi mchira. Ambiri a iwo amakhala mu mayiko kotentha. Iwo padziko nkhalango, kumene amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono banja kapena nkhosa.

Nyama, mbalame, nyama zokwawa, achule - onse a iwo akhoza kutchulidwa nthawi yayitali. Ife yochepa kufotokoza nyama, anafotokoza mayunitsi alipo. Banja la nyama zosiyanasiyana komanso ambiri, ngati mwango anawona. Akudziwa izo, ndikuyembekeza inu athandiza.