Nyama kutchulidwa Red Book. Njati: The Red Book of Russia

zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zinachititsa kuti kuchepetsa ndipo ngakhale mofulumira Mitundu ina ya nyama ndi zomera. Kusiya njira, anthu anatulukira Red Book. Ndi mtundu wa mndandanda wa mbalame pangozi, nyama, tizilombo, ndi zina zotero. N. Mwachitsanzo, nyama monga njati ndi. The Red Book of Russia m'gulu monga "mitundu pangozi".

Mbiri ya Red Book

Mu 1948, Union Mayiko kwa Conservation ya Nature, chidule IUCN anatsogolera ntchito pa chikhalidwe chitetezo cha magulu osiyanasiyana amapezeka m'mayiko ambiri. Posakhalitsa analengedwa Species Kupulumuka Commission. Cholinga cha ntchitoyi anali kulenga mndandanda wa dziko la nyama akufuna ikutha.

Ntchito yaikulu adzaimira. Kunali kofunika osati kukhazikitsa mfundo pofuna kuteteza nyama zina komanso kudziwa zatsala pang'ono kutha, kupanga gulu lawo, ndi zina zambiri. Pamene zimenezi zinali kuchitika, buku anaganiza kuyitana wofiira chifukwa chakuti ndi chizindikiro mtundu wa ngozi.

Buku wofiira, iyambe kufalitsidwa mu 1963 komanso ikulongosola za mitundu 312 ndi subspecies mbalame ndi 211 mitundu ndi subspecies nyama. Chaka chino motsatizana wandisonyeza mndandanda wake wa mbalame pangozi ndi nyama. Mu mndandanda pali njati. IUCN Red List Komabe, anafotokoza kuti gulu la chiopsezo osati pangozi.

The Red Book of Russia

The Book Red la Chitaganya cha Russia inafalitsidwa mu 2001. Ngakhale maziko unatengedwa ndi Red Book wa RSFSR, izo zinali latsopano, bwinobwino ndikusinthidwa bwereza kope. Amaphatikiza achule, zokwawa, mbalame ndi nyama - 231 taxa. Ichi ndi 73 peresenti kuposa m'buku m'mbuyomu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka mndandanda wa invertebrates, nsomba ndi nsomba monga. Mitundu ina pambuyo processing mosamala M'malo mwake, kuti itachotsedwa mndandanda.

Komabe, nyama monga Europe njati, Red Book la Chitaganya cha Russia ali mu mndandanda wake. Komanso, njati za ku Ulaya ali m'gulu monga "pangozi."

The nyama yaikulu mu Europe

Ankawonjezereka ndi akuluakulu m'dziko nyama mu Europe kulibe. Njati ali pafupi kwambiri ndi msuweni wake American - njati.

Pakulemera njati angafikire matani 1 kutalika thupi - 330 masentimita, kutalika - mamita awiri. tsitsi lake ndi woderapo mtundu.

Kuyambira njati hump ake apamwamba, nyanga yaitali mchira.

The kutalika kwa moyo wa njati ndi zaka 23-25. Azipeza kukula kwake, iye anakwaniritsa kale pa zaka 5-6 zakubadwa.

Njati amakonda kukhala ng'ombe. Koma, characteristically, mu nkumbi wa mipando wamkazi. Ndipo tichipeza makamaka a ng'ombe achinyamata ndi akazi. amuna achikulire amakonda kukhala yekha. Mu okha anapita ndi ng'ombe kwa mating.

Mwa njira, njati yaikazi umabala ana ake, kwambiri miyezi 9. Only, mosiyana ndi kuyenda anthu, Zubrenok ola afika pa mapazi ake ndi wokonzeka kuthamanga kwa mayi. Ndipo atapita masiku makumi awiri iye akhoza kudya mwini udzu awo atsopano. Ngakhale chakudya wamkazi mwana mkaka sasiya mkati miyezi isanu.

Pali subspecies awiri a nyama zikuluzikulu - njati Bialowieza ndi Caucasus. IUCN Red List yomalizayi amatanthauza mitundu zinatha.

Njati m'dera moyo

Mu Middle Ages nyama zimenezi M'dera lalikulu - kuchokera Western Siberia ku Iberia. Komabe, kusaka poaching kuti zinathandiza kwambiri kuchepa lakuthwa chiwerengero chawo. Anamaliza First World nkhondo ndi malonda zauve.

Pali umboni kuti otsiriza yosala njati zakutchire anaphedwa Bialowieza Forest mu 1921, ndipo mu Caucasus - mu 1926. Kumalo osungira ndiponso kwaokha panthawi imeneyo anali anakhalabe 66 njati.

Society mayiko kwa Conservation wa njati, kupangidwa mu 1923, cholinga chake chinali kuchita ntchito kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa ziweto osowa monga njati. The Book Yofiira komabe sanali anatulukira. Tinganene kuti anthu padziko lonse wapirira ntchito imeneyi. Lero, njati ngakhale anachotsedwa osungira nyama chikhalidwe ndi moyo mu Poland, Belarus, Lithuania, Moldova, Spain, Ukraine, Germany ndi Slovakia.

Kodi kubwezeretsa anthu njati

Abwezeretse mphamvu ya njati za anayamba pamaso pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, makamaka Bialowieza Forest ku Poland, ndi m'mapaki Zoological mu Europe. Zikuonekeratu kuti nkhondo anawononga zotsatira za ntchito imeneyi.

Anapitiriza adamtsata izo. njati kupulumutsidwa chinkhoswe kachiwiri mu Bialowieza Forest, koma Soviet Union. Ntchito imeneyi inali bwino, ndipo mu 1961, njati anayamba kukhazikika mu malo achilengedwe.

Mwa njira, ngati Bialowieza njati kusunga zokwanira kusewera zinthu, Caucasus lidakalipobe mu ukapolo yekha mu buku limodzi. Kotero ife tinali kawetedwe nyama wosakanizidwa.

Caucasus wisent

Mu njira ina, iye ankatchedwa Dombay ndipo amatanthauza nyama migodi ndi nkhalango. Izi subspecies ya njati za ku Ulaya anakhala mu nkhalango ya Main Caucasus. Iye anali pang'ono kakang'ono kuposa m'bale wake European, ndi mdima mu mtundu. Komanso, tsitsi lake lopotana, ndi Kwambiri yokhota kumapeto nyanga.

Moyo amayembekezeka Caucasus Wisent chinali mwanjira wolephera m'bale wake Bialowieza. A pang'ono kuposa zaka 20, tikhoza Hardy nkulu pakati pawo.

Komabe, anthu mowirikiza anapha nyama. Chifukwa cha m'ma 19 Dombaev alibe oposa 2000 anthu, ndipo pambuyo First World nkhondo - zidutswa 500.

Khrisu poaching, zomwe potsiriza anawononga Dombaev. Izo zinachitika mu 1927 pa phiri Alous. Izo ndiye mbisoweka ku nkhope ya dziko lapansi Caucasus njati. IUCN Red List limatchula kwa "zinatha mitundu" gulu.

Chitsitsimutso cha njati mu Caucasus

Kumene, silinalinso Dombay. Komabe, njati za ku Ulaya mu Caucasus anawonekera kachiwiri.

M'chaka cha 1940 ku Caucasus Reserve anakamba mwamuna ndi akazi angapo njati. Iwo anawoloka ndi njati Bialowieza-Caucasus. Otsiriza akadali zisungidwe ena kumalo osungira mu dziko.

The ntchito asayansi anapambana. Tsopano njati Caucasus si wosiyana kwambiri ndi malo mbadwa ya Dombai. Komabe, mu chikhalidwe ufulu wa njati si moyo. Iwo imapezeka m'madera otetezeka: Caucasus ndi Teberda ndi Tseyskoe mu malo mu North Ossetia.

Red Data Regional Books

M'madera ambiri a Federation ndi Russian lofalitsidwa dera lawo Red Data Books. Ankachita zimenezi pofuna kupereka chofunika kwambiri kutetezedwa ndi mitundu osowa nyama, mbalame ndi zomera ku Caucasus. Sikuti onse a mitundu izi zofunika padziko lonse. Koma nyama ndi zomera n'kofunika kwambiri kwa anthu okhala kumeneko kuposa nyama limodzi pangozi mu dziko.

Komabe, mitundu ina ya dera Red Data Books tanthauzo lonse. Mwachitsanzo, njati. The Red Book wa Krasnodar Gawo zikuphatikizapo nyama. Chifukwa njati moyo malo Russia chimafikira kwa mabeseni wa White ndi Malaya Laba, limene mbali lili Krasnodar. Ndipo tsopano, alipo ochepa kwambiri. Koma pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 sizinali zachilendo njati Kuban. The Red Book tsopano akuchenjeza za kusamalira nyama.

Komanso, Russian sukulu yophunzitsa Cholinga osati kuphunzitsa ana kukonda dziko lakwawo, komanso mwaulemu ya nyama ndi zomera. Chimodzi mwa zokongola pakati pawo ndi njati. Red Book kwa ana m'zithunzi imasonyeza izo mu ulemerero wake onse. Izi ndi Chitsanzo chabwino cha zimene nyama zodabwitsa zikhoza kutha kwa nkhope ya dziko lapansi popanda chitetezo.

Njati nazale ku Russia

nazale choyamba mu Russia unakhazikitsidwa mu 1948 m'dera Moscow, Serpukhov chigawo, mmalire a alipo uko Biosphere Reserve. Popeza 1959, mozama ndi nazale mu chigawo cha dera Ryazan Spassky. Popeza 1989, anthu Freestyle wa njati kudera Vladimir. The otetezedwa "Kaluga Zaseki" (malire Kaluga, Orel ndi Tula zigawo) anthu magulu angapo a njati kuchuluka kwa anthu 120.

Mu 1996, njati anabweretsedwa mu malo osungirako "Orel woodland" ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dera Oryol. Tsopano anthu awo chawonjezeka anthu 208.

Komabe, ambiri a njati akukhala kwawo - mu Bialowieza Forest, amene amadziwika udzakhazikitsidwe pa dera la maiko awiri: Poland ndi Belarus. The National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" Belarus chiwerengero cha njati ndi 360 anthu, pamene mu Poland - za 400. Pamodzi, iwo apanga anthu waukulu wa mitundu osowa dziko. Mwa njira, ndi chizindikiro cha Belarus njati. IUCN Red List, timakumbukira, amatanthauza nyama osatetezeka gulu.