Ntchito za ribosome ndi maselo ena

Kagulu monga dongosolo lofunika

Selo yamoyo yokhala ndi eukaryotic ndiyo njira yapadera yokonzedweratu, kugwirizana kwa zigawo zonse zomwe zimatsimikizira ntchito yofunikira ya selo monga gawo lofunika. Zida zake zikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo plasmolemma, cytoplasm ndi nucleus, koma maselo ambiri ali ndi ziwalo zina zowonjezera zomwe zimasungunuka mu cytoplasm ndipo zimakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe ka maselo ndi mphamvu ya selo. Choncho, ntchito ya ribosome ndiyo kupanga mapuloteni, mitochondria imapanga mankhwala ambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsa ntchito maselo osungirako maselo komanso timapangidwe timene timagwiritsa ntchito maselo osakanikirana, komanso malo otchedwa "endoplasmic reticulum" ndi "Golgi complex" ndizo "malo" opangidwa ndi metabolism. Pankhaniyi, zochitika zonse zimachitika mu cytoplasm, yomwe ikuyenda nthawi zonse.

Orgelles za membrane ndi ntchito zawo

Ntchito zawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ribosomes pa EPR, kumene zimatengedwa kupyolera m'magulu a nyukiliya mwamsanga atangopanga mapangidwe. EPR ndi memphane organelle yokhala ndi ming'alu yamatope ndi matumba omwe amapita pakati pawo ndikuyankhulana ndi zizindikiro za envelopu ya nyukiliya. Mu selo muli mbali ziwiri za endoplasmic reticulum, zosiyana zonse zomangidwe ndi ntchito: zovuta ndi zosalala. Yoyamba imanyamula ribosomes, momwe zimakhalira ndi ntchito zomwe zimayikidwa ngakhale pamene zimachoka pamutu, yachiwiri ribosome siilipo, ndipo imayambanso kupangira lipids ndi steroid ya selo, imasunga kachiphamaso ya calcium, dephosphorylates shuga-6-phosphate m'chiwindi. Koma mitundu yonse ya EPR ndi yosakhazikika komanso imasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza, monga zovuta za Golgi. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mapangidwe a EPR ndipo ali ndi zitsime zovuta, ndipo ntchito yake ndi kuyenga mapuloteni oyambirira omwe amapangidwa pa SHER, kupanga mapuloteni, kusonkhanitsa zinthu zamtundu ndi kayendedwe ka selo.

Organe zosagwiritsa ntchito membrane

Mu selo mulibenso ziwalo za organoids: cytoskeleton, centrioles, kusungidwa kosungira zinthu (lipids, polysaccharides, BAS kapena pigments) ndi ribosome. Ntchito za aliyense wa iwo zimayendetsedwa ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana, zomwe zimadalira mtundu wa mankhwalawa: inclusions amawonekera mu selo pokhapokha atapangidwira, magulu a mphamvu amadzikweza kaŵirikaŵiri pamene selo limasuntha, ndipo ma microtubules amachulukitsa ntchito yawo panthawi yotsegulira njira zonyamulira ndi chemotaxis mu phagocytes . Ntchito za ribosome mu selo laumunthu zimakhala zosawerengeka ndipo zimasiyana pang'ono ndi zomwe zili mu selo la mbeu. Zimaphatikizapo ma ion, zina zotchedwa biopolymers ndi condensed RNA, zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu awiri - 30S ndi 50S (malinga ndi coefficient ya Svedberg sedimentation), zomwe zimakhala 80S ribosomes. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapangitsa kuti tisiyanitse anthu a ribosomes kuchokera ku ribosomes wa mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi 70S, chifukwa pochiza matenda a mabakiteriya amatchulidwa kuti angathetsetsa ntchito ya 70S ribosome mosankha, motero amaletsa kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni mu selo la bakiteriya ndikuletsa ntchito yake yofunikira.