Nkhuni kukatentha: zizindikiro zoyimira, makhalidwe ndi zofunika

Nyumba Kutentha ndi nyumba mafakitale komanso kupereka iwo ndi madzi otentha makhazikitsidwe zambiri ntchito yapadera - boilers. Zida za mtundu wa ntchito kungakhale zosiyanasiyana utsi. Komanso, makhalidwe a yotsirizira ayenera kukumana mfundo zina. Cholakwika kusankha nkhuni kukatentha, kungachititse kuti Kutentha zida. Yafupika mu nkhani iyi ndi dzuwa kukatentha.

zimakolezera

mayunitsi ntchito anafuna Kutentha madzi zavuta kuti:

• mpweya;
• madzi mafuta;
• magetsi;
• olimba mafuta.

Nthawi zambiri, kwa Kutentha nyumba ndi madzi otentha ntchito, gasi kapena heaters magetsi. Phula unsembe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha m'madera akumidzi - komwe kulibe misewu, kudyetsa "buluu mafuta". Wood, pellet ndi khala zida ntchito sikuti pali mphamvu mizere.

Mtundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mafuta kukatentha ndi mpweya. Mtengo unsembe ntchito pa izo Kutentha zida ndi mwachilungamo mtengo. Khazikitsa ndi kukatentha magetsi ndi ofunika osachepera kwambiri mtengo. Komabe, ndalama kwambiri unsembe kenako recouped ndi mpweya wotsika mtengo. Magetsi, monga mukudziwa, tili ndi dziko mtengo kwambiri.

Litha wa boilers olimba ndi madzi zambiri ndalama ngakhale mtengo kuposa mpweya. Komabe, zida zimenezi mwatsoka, si yabwino kwa ntchito. Ndi mafuta yokha, mu nkhani iyi, amafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu wapadera yosungirako ndi zambiri kutenga malo kwambiri.

heaters mpweya chifukwa

Ndi mtundu wa mafuta, monga tanenera poyamba, ntchito boilers zambiri. Malinga ndi malamulo, kachitidwe Kutentha mwina ntchito mtundu uliwonse mpweya - liquefied ndi thunthu. Komabe, mu Poyamba kwa Kutentha zogona ndi mafakitale malo ayenera kugwiritsidwa pa ntchito yokhayo boilers mwapadera yadaikidwa kuti ntchito molumikizana ndi zonenepa kapena chotengera mafuta.

Liquefied gasi zambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa Kutentha m'nyumba. Koma nthawi zina mtundu uwu wa mafuta kukatentha ntchito Mwachitsanzo, mauthenga obscheposelkovyh.

Malamulo a boilers unsembe "buluu mafuta"

Olumikizidwa kwa mains, kapena akasinja mpweya Zida za mtundu uwu ankaloledwa kuti akatswiri chiphatso. Self sidebar mwini wa dziko nyumba kapena mutu wa ogwira nkhope chilango kwambiri. Pambuyo mpweya - mafuta amadziwika kuti zachiwawa. Ndipo kugwirizana cholakwika m'tsogolo ungachititse mavuto.

amafuna wapadera ndi chiyembekezo imene ili leni mpweya kukatentha yokha. zida kungatenge kuikidwa zipinda okwana zochepa 7.5-15 mamita ^3, malingana ndi mphamvu. Mu chipinda icho chiyenera kuti mpweya wokwanira. Kukhalapo kwa mazenera Osamva mu chipinda saloledwa. Komanso n'zosatheka phiri mpweya kukatentha mu chipinda kukachitika kuti zonse kutentha mphamvu zipangizo zonse anaika kuposa 150 kW.

Gasi: malangizo

Malinga mtundu wa atagona mzere kudutsa pafupi yobweretsa chitoliro "gasi" chifukwa makhazikitsidwe kukatentha mu nyumbayi angathe kuchitidwa pamwamba kapena njira mobisa. Mbali yoyamba malamulo amenewa ayenera kukwaniritsa:

• zinthu payipi usakhala mu kukhudzana ndi mbali ndi nyumba yopangidwa ndi zisulo kuyaka;
• kupotoza mipope sikuloledwa;
• zinthu ofukula za payipi ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe vertically;
• zinthu yopingasa anayikidwa pa kulozetsa wa 2-5 mm mu malangizo a nyumba zikugwirizana.

Pamene atagona chitoliro kwa kudyetsa mafuta mu chipinda kukatentha pansi ayenera zofunikira zotsatirazi:

• mapaipi yonyamula mpweya liquefied m'munsimu nthaka ndi kuzizira;
• pamene kulowa nyumba zikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwa akuya 0.8-1.2 mamita;
• kuika payipi ya ayenera kuchitira ndi otsetsereka a osachepera 1.5 mamilimita pa mita;
• ndi chitoliro mpweya madzi anakagona pansi pa maziko, ndi mwambo - pa izo, khoma;
• mtundu uliwonse wa kugwirizana detachable wa payipi ya Amawapatsa m'zitsime.

Madzi mafuta mafuta: Zofunika

Boilers ntchito magetsi a nyumba kapena nyumba mafakitale ili m'madera akumidzi, nthawi zambiri kuthamanga pa dizilo. Pakuti dizilo, amafuna wapadera ntchito Kutentha zida. Posankha kukatentha dizilo ayenera kulabadira makamaka makhalidwe ake monga:

• cetane chiwerengero;
• kachulukidwe ndi kukhuthala;
• fractional zikuchokera.

chiwerengero Cetane amasankha zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga:

• nthawi poyatsira wa mafuta kukatentha ndi;
• kukwaniritsa kuyaka kwa dizilo;
• mpweya.

Kwenikweni, ndi cetane nambala ya dizilo kumakhudzanso Mwachangu wa Kutentha zida. CN mulingo woyenera chizindikiro kwa boilers imatengedwa kuti 40-45 mayunitsi.

amafuna kusunga

Dizilo mafuta, komanso mpweya - mafuta kukatentha kwa boilers, woopsawo mawu a moto ndi mabomba. Choncho, ziyenera kusungidwa bwino. Mu nyumba payekha chipinda osiyana kwa dizilo nthawi safunikira akonzekeretse. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa mafuta kusungidwa dizilo kuposa 5 zikwi. Malita, kumanga nyumba yosungiramo katundu akadali kwa iye.

Dizilo mafuta akhoza kusungidwa ngati n'koyenera, ngakhale malo omwe anthu amakhalako. Komabe, buku ake okwana sayenera upambana malita 40.

Mu chipinda mwapadera kwa dizilo:

• simungathe kuchita unsembe obisika a mauthenga, conduits ndi mawaya;
• ayenera nsanamira zizindikiro oletsa ntchito lotseguka moto.

Chipinda wokha dizilo ndi kumangapo zipangizo sanali kuyaka. Chitseko Pankhaniyi amagwiritsanso ndi kapangidwe wapadera.

Mabizinezi ili m'madera akumidzi, mwachitsanzo mu Far North, ndipo amagula mtundu wapadera zida - yodziyimira payokha kukatentha mafuta madzi. Mu maofesi amenewa, kusunga zida dizilo zingakhalepo poyamba.

Danga wofunikila uziyenda yosalala ya kukatentha mafuta dizilo zimadalira kwenikweni mphamvu ya masika. mafuta a kukatentha (madzi) ndi kuchita masamu ndi dera wapamwamba. Pa 10 kW kukatentha mphamvu ambiri amafuna 1 makilogalamu dizilo paola.

malasha boilers

Olimba mafuta Kutentha zida ndicho yosafuna zambiri, koma wamng'ono yabwino ntchito. Ambiri heaters awa, monga ng'anjo, ntchito pa mpweya. Pankhaniyi, monga pamene ntchito mafuta dizilo, kuti kusankha mafuta ayenera kulankhula mosamala.

Udindo kudyetsa mafuta olimba stoker kukatentha woyendetsa. Khalidwe la khala ndi kuwadyetsa iwo zimatengera makamaka pa dzuwa la Kutentha zida. The mosamala kwambiri kukatentha antchito kubwera kwa kusankha mtundu wa mafuta olimba, yaitali unsembe.

khala aliyense wapangidwa ndi mpweya ndi zosafunika incombustible. mawonekedwe Recent pambuyo kuyaka phulusa ndi slag. Chiŵerengero pakati pa zodetsa ndi khala mpweya Mzimuyo kalasi. chiwerengerochi chili osiyanasiyana mafuta siyana mu malire lonse ndithu. Mwachitsanzo, mpweya okhutitsidwa Ling ochepa. Choncho, mtundu wa utsi kukatentha konse ntchito.

Iwo umatanthauza kuchuluka yaikulu phulusa ndi slag ndi lignite. Mfundo ntchito kwa kukatentha monga zotheka. Komabe, ali osavomerezeka kuchita zimenezi.

Malasha umabala phulusa pang'ono losiyana kuchuluka otsika chinyezi ndipo ali ndi dongosolo mokwanira wandiweyani. Calorific ubwino ndi 5500 kcal / kg. Okhutira mpweya m'menemo ndi 75%. Ndi mtundu uwu wa kukatentha olimba mafuta ndi yabwino yoti boilers.

Nkhuni heaters madzi

Mtundu uwu wa mafuta ndi kuyendetsera ndi boilers n'zochepa. Koma nthawi zina m'nyumba kapena ngakhale makampani angathe kuona Kutentha zida zikugwira ntchito pa nkhuni. The mwayi umenewu mafuta makamaka a cheapness wachibale. Komabe, ntchito kukatentha pamene ntchito nkhuni zambiri wovuta kwambiri. Machinist olimba mafuta kukatentha chomera cha mtundu ayenera tumphuka mu ng'anjo 2-3 pa tsiku. Mbali chomwecho ndi ntchito ya chotenthetsera ndi nkhuni woyaka m'nyumba.

Palibe amafuna wapadera aulesi pamene iwo ntchito boilers, ndithudi, sitingachisonyeze. Chinthu chokha - mtundu wa mafuta kukatentha ayenera kukhala mokwanira youma. Store nkhuni akhale pansi denga kapena wapadera kakang'ono osiyana - woodsheds. Anatinso kwa boilers, komanso ng'anjo ntchito yolimba zipika. Conifers pamene anatentha kusiya zambiri phulusa ndi mwaye chifukwa utomoni lapansi. Ndi bwino yosayenera olimba boilers mafuta birch nkhuni.

mbamu

Mtundu wa mafuta ambiri ntchito mu boilers yaitali moto. zida Izi makamaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuyaka zayamba wathunthu wa pellet, ngakhale popanda mapangidwe phulusa. Nthawi zina chifukwa kudyetsa pellets kuyaka limafanana stoker kukatentha chifukwa utsi olimba. Koma nthawi zina, zomera angagwiritsidwe ntchito basi download. madongosolo otero kupanga zida zambiri yabwino ntchito.

Komanso posachedwapa zatchuka kwambiri masiku ano, omasuka kugwiritsa ntchito yodziyimira payokha boilers chifukwa utsi olimba. Kugwiritsa pellets ntchito yawo komanso ndi njira pafupifupi wangwiro.

mitundu ya pellets

Species ngati mafuta pa msika lero, pali zingapo. Industrial pellets ndi imvi bulauni mtundu ndi kukhala amaposa amanena phulusa. mafuta ndi abwino makamaka kwa boilers mafakitale. ntchito zake zoweta makhazikitsidwe madzi Kutentha lingaonongeke otsiriza.

Agropellety anakonza kuchokera zinyansi mbewu ulimi. Chiwerengero cha zili phulusa ndi ndithu mkulu. Gwiritsani utsi awa zambiri okha zomera lalikulu ikukhudzana ndi mphamvu.

White pellets anapangidwa kuchokera nkhuni debarked. Chiwerengero cha zili phulusa ndi 0.5 okha%. Mtundu wa pellets amenewa ndi kuwala chikasu. Iwo ndalama mtengo ndithu. Komabe, pellets woyera zambiri ntchito zapakhomo boilers mafuta olimba.

Zamagetsi heaters madzi

The mwayi waukulu boilers awa, monga tanenera kale, ndi omasuka unsembe. Ndipo ataima madzi heaters wa mtundu uwu ndi mtengo kwambiri mafuta kapena mafuta olimba. Banja magetsi boilers ntchito zambiri kuchokera mains ndi voteji a 220 V. yomalizayi Choncho sitiyenera "mwadya". Ngati m'dera limene kukatentha ntchito, pali voteji madontho kapena liukitsidwa kapena adatchithisira, stabilizers zina ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.