Njira ndalama kuti adziwe za malo ndi malonda. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ndalama

Njira ndalama ndi osakaniza lonse njira ziyenera makhalidwe katundu, chuma cha gulu, bizinesi yokha, imene mtengo wa mtima opangidwa ndi kutembenuka kwa ubwino zachuma amene akuyembekezeka m'tsogolo. Maziko ongolankhula Njira mtima ndithu. mtengo ndalama ndi mtengo wa madalitso m'tsogolo pa nthawi imene Kuchotsera pa mtengo adzabweranso, amene ali chithunzithunzi cha riskiness ya ndalama.

Izi ndi wololera komanso oyenera aliyense ntchito yopanga ndi kugulitsa katundu wa malonda chinthu alipo, komanso bizinesi yake anapereka kupanga akadzabweranso positive. Ukulu wa kuopsa kwa ndalama mu ntchito chinaonetsedwa ndi pafupifupi ndalama kuchotsera. Mu ntchito kuti mawu a zachuma, tsopano paima mlingo wa kubwerera mogwirizana ndi ndalama pa likulu padera mu mlingo china zinthu chiopsezo ndalama, kapena ndi mlingo wa kubwerera pa ndalama zina ndi chiopsezo ofanana pa nthawi za kuwunika.

Features

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ndalama kuchita si yovuta, kuyambira m'pofunika kupenda aliyense determinant zofunika mtengo - mlingo wa obwereza ndi phindu. Pamene mumayesto makampani pogwiritsa ntchito njira izi, inu muyenera kuonetsetsa kuchititsa kusanthula mozama onse a zinthu kiyi kuphatikizapo mtengo wa zolowa wa kampani, omwe amadza mwachindunji pa phindu, ndalama ndi mavuto amene analengedwa ndi munthu aliyense.

Njira ndalama ndi kupeza bizinesi ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani ya takeover kapena pophatikizana ndiye njira imeneyi ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri mtengo kapena msika. likulu kuphatikana wogula chawonetsedwa tsopano ndi chiyembekezo kuti ndalama ukonde ukufika kulandiridwa m'tsogolo, amene sakhoza mwaganizapo kungakupatseni monga iwo yodziwika ndi mavuto ena. Njira ndalama kupenda determinants izi chifungulo cha phindu kuti, ntchito njira msika ofotokoza ambiri amafuna mtengo-zasungidwa chiŵerengero, kapena ena multiples ndalama zofanana kwa nthawi retrospective, popanda kuganizira m'tsogolo.

Pakuti multiples msika makhalidwe khalidwe monga osatetezeka, ndi kulephera kusamalira chomwecho chimene chingapezeke mu chikhalidwe cha ntchito njira ndalama kwa Mapa la zasungidwa tsogolo ndi kuchotsera mitengo. Mwachitsanzo, chiŵerengero cha "mtengo-zasungidwa" imene ntchito kwa chaka, salola kusonyeza mokwanira kusintha sikhala mu zaka m'tsogolo. Moyenera ntchito koefishienti amapereka mwayi wosonyeza amakonda ambiri a ndalama, iwo nthaŵi zambiri amagwira mavenda kapena magwero makampani.

ntchito

Mu kusanthula ndi chitetezo zosowa, ndi zokhudza bajeti kampani, amene amakakamiza kusintha ndi chitukuko cha polojekitiyi ndalama za mapulani analenga, Zoneneratu ndi ziganizo zofunikira. Njira ndalama kuti adziwe wa zamalonda limakupatsani kuyeza mfundo zonse zokhudza ngati pali ubwino mayamwidwe chifukwa cha kukula ndalama, kuchepetsa, kusintha njira kapena kuchepetsa ang'ono-zisoti. Ndi njira imeneyi n'zotheka kuyeza ndi kukambirana zonse. Komanso, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa nthawi ya isanayambike ubwino kuyembekezera, komanso kuonetsa ndondomeko kuchepetsa mtengo wa ogwira ntchito ku moti ngati pali gulu la madalitso m'tsogolo akutali.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ndalama amapereka ogula ndi ogulitsa mwayi kudziwa chilungamo mtengo msika wa kumalo a ntchito, komanso kufunika ndalama zake chifukwa chimodzi kapena zingapo ogula njira. Ngati kusiyana ikusonyezedwa bwino zokwanira, ogula ndi ogulitsa mosavuta kudziwa phindu synergies ndi kutenga njira nkhani.

Pamene ntchito njira ndalama kuti kupeza bizinesi, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mtengo masamu imakhala ya mtengo wa katundu zonse ntchito mu zochita mwachindunji. Monga mbali ya njira, pali njira zingapo chaka, ndi chidwi kwambiri. Makamaka njira zimenezi zimagwira ntchito ndalama njira: capitalization ndi Kuchotsera otaya ndalama. Mutha kuona zambiri za iwo.

njira

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira capitalization ndalama umayenda okwana mtengo ogwira ntchito ndi wapezeka, malingana ndi ndalama za Umayenda kwaiye lingathe chuma cha kumalo a ntchito. Cash otaya ntchito kapena ogwira lonse - pali kusiyana pakati pa inflows onse ndi outflows ndalama mu nthawi zolipiritsa. Kawirikawiri ntchito kwa nthawi mawerengedwe a chaka chimodzi. njira ndi kutembenuza mlingo woimira otaya ankayembekezera ndalama mtengo lino ndi kugawa lonse otaya kuchuluka kwa capitalization mlingo atsopano. Pankhaniyi, yoyenera ndalama mtsinje, ndi kusintha ena.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ochiritsira ntchito kuwerengetsa utuluke ndalama kuwonjezera ukonde phindu (masamu pambuyo msonkho) ndalama si ndalama kudziwa phindu Mtheradi wa otaya ndalama kwa capitalization. Njira imeneyi mawerengedwe tinganene kuti chosavuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mawerengedwe a polandira ndalama zimenezi zinalembedwa ngati Kuwonjezera inkafuna ndalama ndi kufunika likulu kubwezeretsa, ndi kudzasintha.

Discounting utuluke ndalama

Njira imeneyi kwenikweni akutsatira utuluke chikuyembekezeka ndalama, amene kwaiye ndi ogwira yokha. Kusiyana khalidwe pakati tichipeza chakuti mtengo lofunika mphambu mawerengedwe kudziwa nthumwi mlingo otaya ndalama. Njira imeneyi m'mayiko olemera anali kwambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito chifukwa chakuti zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha onse a ziyembekezo. Cash otaya zambiri wofanana ndi mtengo wa ndalama ukonde ndipo depreciation, anapereka wochotsera phindu ukonde ntchito likulu zolowa ndi likulu ndalama.

zinthu zotsatirazi ntchito Kuchotsera njira otaya ndalama:

• pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti utuluke ndalama zidzakhalire m'tsogolo magulu a panopa, ndiye tikulankhula osauka ogwira ntchito;
• pali kuchuluka kwa ziyenera watanthauzo wa utuluke ndalama mtsogolo ntchito malonda kapena malonda malo;
• chinthu chimene akufuna kumanga chinthu chilichonse, kapena tsankho;
• Ogwira ntchito ndi akuluakulu losakanizika ntchito malonda phindu.

Njira ndalama ndi kuwerengera chuma ndi njira Kuchotsera otaya ndalama ndi zabwino, koma ntchito zake ndi yolemetsa kwambiri. Pali Ziwerengero kuti popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi kubala zosatheka. Zikuphatikizapo chitukuko cha polojekiti ndi ndalama ndi kuwunika kwake wotsatira.

Ubwino wa njira discounting

Ngati inu kutsata njira ndalama kuti adziwe za malo kapena malonda kudzera discounting njira, n'zotheka kudziwa ubwino waukulu. Choyamba tikulankhula zimene phindu tsogolo la bizinesi mwachindunji kuganizira yekha sikhala ndalama opaleshoni kwa kupanga mankhwala ndi malonda ake wotsatira, ndi chuma m'tsogolo kugwirizana ndi kukonza ndi patsogolo ulimi ndi malonda ubongo, zikupezeka mu Mapa phindu kungotchula kokha kupyolera panopa awo depreciation.

mfundo zofunika

Kufufuza njira ndalama ndi wopanda phindu kapena imfa monga chizindikiro cha ndalama mawerengedwe imagwiridwa pambuyo kusintha mfundo yakuti phindu ndi chizindikiro cha malipoti kulongosola, kotero poyera kuti mpheto kwambiri pa ntchito.

The Kuchotsera otaya ndalama njira tichipeza magulu atatu a zanyengo:

• Kuchotsera benefiti;
• ndalama yotsalira;
• Kuchotsera utuluke ndalama.

Ngati ankachita njira malonda mogwirizana ndi chitsanzo lopeza satifiketi kuchotsera monga otaya ndalama, ntchito payouts kwa mafuko. Ngakhale kuti lachitsanzo n'lakuti kwambiri wamba kuchita padziko lonse kudziwa ndi potaya mtengo wa katundu wa kumalo a ntchito, ali ndi zambiri kuipa. Mu zitsanzo popanda anapitiriza digiri zasungidwa mlandu. Pali kusiyana mu malamulo lopeza, osati makampani munthu, komanso dziko lonse. Njira sangathe ntchito pa mabizinezi kuti musakhale phindu. chitsanzo ichi bwino yoti mawerengedwe a mtengo wa magawo ochepa.

Yotsalira ndalama Model

Njira ndalama kwa chiwerengero ndi yotsalira njira chitsanzo amaganiza kuti ngati muyeso wa otaya ndalama mtengo wa ndalama yotsalira zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwachitsanzo kusiyana pakati pa phindu la pa kukula kwa phindu, yemwe ananeneratu ndi ma sheya hoda pa nthawi ya kugula wa kampani kapena magawo ake. Ngati mtengo ogwira inaŵerengeredwa pa maziko a mfundo zoyenera pa chitsanzo, zidzakhala wofanana ndi mtengo wa mtengo buku ndi mtengo panopa pa kuchuluka ankayembekezera ndalama otsalira pambuyo izi. chitsanzo ichi chikuwonetsa tilinazo kwambiri ndi khalidwe la deta amene anapereka mu mawu ndalama. Kuti zinthu Russian ndi adequacy mwa zinthu zimenezi umamumvera kukayika kwambiri.

Madalitso kwa ma sheya hoda

Mwachibadwa, ndi ma sheya hoda kapena ma sheya hoda wa kampani, amene ali ndi mbiri ena, komanso malipiro lopeza mfundo zowona, tingalandire kuchotsera chitsanzo kuwerengera ndalama za kampani yake. Zilinso kuti gawo mabizinezi ma sheya hoda kawirikawiri ochepa, choncho iwo njira yabwino kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira ndalama kuti adziwe za malo ndi chitsanzo malonda ndi discounting ufulu ndalama utuluke. Mu dongosolo ili fungulo zilipo ndi mitengo kashi kapena sikhala kubwerera pa ndalama. The Vuto lalikulu ndi chitsanzo ichi ndi lolondola Mapa otaya ufulu ndalama, komanso ndi tanthauzo chokwanira cha mlingo kuchotsera.

Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito njira ndalama, kutanthauzira chidapatsidwa pamwamba, ntchito Kuchotsera otaya ndalama njira monga ndalama kuyembekezera kuchokera bizinesi, kuganizira ntchito utuluke chuma, sipangakhalenso achoka makope pambuyo reinvestment chofunika la phindu la ndalama. Monga chizindikiro cha utuluke ndalama Musati muzidalira pa dongosolo kulongosola ntchito kumalo a ntchito ndipo malamulo ake depreciation. Pankhaniyi, onetsetsani kuti kuganizira ndalama iliyonse umayenda - inflows ndi outflows. Lowunikira nzeru ndalama sasamala ndalama ndi chotero kuti chifukwa cha njira izi ndi kuchepetsa awo pa kuchuluka izo zikanakhala zilipo Investor pa nthawi ya chiphaso cha otaya ndalama, pansi chikhalidwe chimene anaika ndalama zawo osati ntchito pakali pano, nanga -Kodi kakatundu ena ndalama chikhalidwe anthu Mwachitsanzo, liquidity chitetezo kapena banki gawo.

njira zina

Njira ndalama, chitsanzo imene yafotokozedwa koyambirira, posachedwapa ntchito kuchepa, ndipo tsopano wakhala njira yofala kuwunika. Izo ntchito adziwe za chuma zosiyanasiyana ndipo amagwira ntchito monga maziko lingaliro lake kuti kalembera uliwonse umene umawalekanitsa makhalidwe waukulu njira katundu adzakhala kuloledwa kuonanso izi monga njira. Pa nthawi, kukana njira ndalama nthawi zambiri ikuchitika mokomera njira mitengo chitsanzo (motero, ndi Black-Scholes).

Chotero dongosolo, izo akugwiritsa ntchito, akulola ziyenera kufunika okwana chilungamo cha kampani kapena ogwira ntchito ku choncho kumene ntchito ndi zomvetsa lalikulu. chitsanzo ichi cholinga zina n'chifukwa chake mtengo wa chilungamo likulu la ogwira ntchito si ziro, ngakhale kuchepetsa mtengo wa ogwira pansipa kukula mwadzina la ngongole. Ngakhale ndi mwayi umenewo, chinthu kudziŵika kuti Black-Scholes chitsanzo cha kuwerengera makampani Russian pa nthawi zinanso ongolankhula. The vuto lalikulu, chifukwa chimene chitsanzo ichi sangathe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito zapakhomo - ndi kusapezeka kwa umboni kwa magawo chitsanzo, amene Zinkafunikiradi.

anapezazo

Ndalama kufika kwa malonda kuwerengera ndi malo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kamodzikamodzi, ndipo izi zimachitika pa zifukwa zambiri. Kwenikweni, zikukhudza deficiencies chifukwa chimene pali mavuto kugwiritsa ntchito mu ogula malonda. Choyamba tisaiwale kuti n'zovuta kuti maulosi a mtengo tsogolo la ntchito ndi mankhwala, ndi zipangizo, komanso ena onse zizindikiro athandizira zovuta. Pankhaniyi, tikhoza kulankhula za ena kuwunika zotengera malingaliridwe Katswiri. Komanso vuto ndi zaumbanda kudziwika mudziwe kuti mabizinezi Russian, ndi chifukwa ndikofunikira kuti mawerengedwe lolondola ndi Black-Scholes chitsanzo. Ichi ndi chifukwa kwakukulukulu otsika makampani chikhalidwe cha makampani.

The ambirimbiri magawo, kuphatikizapo phukusi pano ndi lalikulu, anaikira mu manja a yaing'ono bwalo la anthu, ndipo chiwerengero cha ma sheya hoda ochepa ndi eni yaing'ono katundu, amene gawo lawo lili kwambiri, likulu gawo ndi negligible. Iwo likukhalira kuti makampani ambiri si chidwi disclosing mfundo iliyonse. Choncho zambiri zovuta mawerengedwe a kufupi ndalama ndi nkhani ambiri mafakitale ndi mabizinezi Russia. M'mikhalidwe ena, ntchito bwino, kusonyeza ubwino wake onse ndiponso kudalirika.