Nichrome-waya: makhalidwe ndi ntchito

zamakono amaika zofuna mkulu pa ntchito zipangizo zake constituent zofanana zinthu zenizeni opaleshoni. Mmodzi wa kasakaniza wazitsulo zina zamakono ndi nichrome. Mawaya ndi zipangizo munali izo, ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi zinthu ankhanza ntchito.

History of anapeza

The aloyi ndi pawiri faifi tambala-chromium, ndi yofanana kuwonjezera chitsulo, manganese, zotayidwa ndi pakachitsulo.

Poyambirira ndinali ndi njira ziwiri za chiyambi. Chinayamba kafukufuku wa sayansi m'munda wa zitsulo alloying ndi kusintha katundu wawo. Ni ndi Kr - zigawo zikuluzikulu za apamwamba dzimbiri zosagwira ndi kutentha zosagwira steels.

Monga aloyi ziwiri zikuluzikulu za faifi tambala ndi chromium, anatulukira mu 1906 ku USA. Today ntchito zosintha zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo atatu chitsulo ofotokoza.

katundu Ofunika

The mfundo Kutentha katundu wamakono banja ndi ntchito mafakitale Mosakayika nichrome waya. katundu kukumana apamwamba amafuna sayansi.

1. Magetsi resistivity mkati 1100-1400 Ohm * m.
2. Limatsogolera mfundo - za 1400˚S, kulola ntchito pa 800-1100˚S. Malire ntchito zimadalira zikuchokera. Choncho, nkhani chitsulo kumachepetsa kuti 850-900˚S, chifukwa bayinare koyera ndi 1100˚S.
3. Kachulukidwe 8000-8500 makilogalamu / mamita ^3.
4. Mkulu mphamvu (σ _mu = 650-700 MPa); zizindikiro kusungidwa pansi malo acidic zikuwononga ndi kutentha kwambiri.
5. Good ductility pamodzi ndi kuuma kwakukulu kwambiri limalola anagubuduza ndi kujambula.

mbali zimasiyanitsa

Pakati pa malonda otchuka magetsi msika - Nichrome waya. The resistivity cha ichi chigawo chimodzi cha magetsi Kutentha Zipangizo zoyendera magetsi kumakhala mkulu, kuti amalola kukhala ndi kufunika lonse.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa zitsulo ndi kukana kwake kwa mkulu kutentha makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndipo zikuwononga m'mikhalidwe yachibadwa. A mbali yaikulu ankaimba apa chrome. Mchitidwe chimapanga pamwamba lolingana ndi filimu okusayidi, amene imagwira ntchito ndi zoteteza. Ndi udindo ofanana mdima mtundu nkhani imene m'malo mwa khalidwe woyera-imvi pa kuchotsa makina a wosanjikiza oxidized.

Dziwani kuti mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi zidulo akadali adzautaya, kuposa dzimbiri zosagwira tungsten.

Ziwiri zikuluzikulu aloyi ali katundu maginito. Zidzachitika chifukwa zosintha angapo, koma kuchepa ntchito.

Nichrome waya ndi olimbika, sangathe mosavuta ndi mphamvu.

Dongosolo zokhudza mmene kudziwa waya Nichrome, makamaka momwe kuwasiyanitsa ndi zipangizo kunja kapena ofanana:

1. White watsopano zitsulo, mdima - kale otukuka.
2. Olakwika negligible maginito.
3. Kuchulukitsa malamulo.
4. Kuwonongedwa ndi zidulo, makutidwe ndi okosijeni bata mchikakamizo cha kutentha.

kuwasindikiza nomenclature

zopangidwa alipo amasiyana zikuchokera, angabweretse osiyanasiyana Nichrome aloyi. Waya ali ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, amene anatsimikiza ndi katundu munthu aliyense.

• Gulu 1 - resistor zakuthupi: H20N80, H20N73YUM-VI, VI-N80HYUD, H15N60.
• Gulu 2 - zinthu Chitsulo Kutentha ntchito zapakhomo ndi mafakitale ndi makhalidwe mkulu kukaniza kutentha: H20N80-H-VI, H15N60-N, N-HN70YU, H20N80-H HN20YUS.
• Gulu 3 - ntchito pa kutentha 900˚S: N50K10, Kh25N20.

M'mimba mwake wa waya Nichrome a gulu loyamba ndi 0,009-0,4 mm, ndipo chachiwiri - 0,2-7,5 mm.

"Abale" muli Cantal kapena fehrali - kasakaniza wazitsulo chromium, zotayidwa ndi chitsulo. Iwo yodziwika ndi mkulu resistivity magetsi, kukana kutentha mkati 1250-1400˚S, koma zochepa odalirika, ngakhale mtengo wochepa (H23YU5, H13YU4, H23YU5T, H27YU5T, H15YU5).

chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti masitampu

Katundu ndi ntchito ya malonda nichrome ofunitsitsa ndi mankhwala ake zikuchokera. Taganizirani akuluakulu.

• H20N73YUM-VI: chromium - 20% faifi tambala - 73% zotayidwa - 3% molybdenum - 1.5% manganese - kuti 0,3% titaniyamu - 0,05%, chitsulo - 2%, mpweya - kuti 0,05%; anasungunuka ndi njira zingalowe kupatsidwa ulemu;
• HN70YU-H: Kr - 27%, Ni - 70%, Al - 3%, MN - kuti 0,3%, CS - kuti 0,03%, Ba - kuti 0,1%, Fe - 1.5% , C - 0.1%; chifukwa zinthu magetsi magetsi;
• HN20YUS: Kr - 20%, Ni - 20%, Al - 1%, Zn - kuti 0,2%, Ca - kuti 0,1%, Si - 2,5%, Fe - 50%, C - 0, 08% - heaters kwa ng'anjo mafakitale.

Mitundu ya mankhwala

Kusankha aloyi iliyonse yomwe amakhala ndi makhalidwe apamwamba sayansi ndi makina, ayenera ochirimika ndi malamulo. Makamaka pankhani mtengo mkulu. Choncho mkulu zamakono ndi chuma mtengo ndi nichrome waya. GOST 8803-89, 12766.1-90, 12766.3-90, 12766.4-90 imalongosola zofunika, mbali ndi ntchito ankachita. Mogwirizana ndi malangizo malingana nkhope, zitsulo anapereka zogulitsa mu mawonekedwe a waya kapena tepi, kusankha potsata awiri pa ndime mtanda, kutalika, ntchito yeniyeni.

A gwero abwino wopindidwa kwa mafakitale kupanga tepi yokhotakhota, youmba waya.

mankhwala mfundo

Posankha malonda nichrome n'kofunika kuganizira zinthu zotsatirazi:

• mwadzina resistivity;
• awiri, mtanda gawo ndi kulemera;
• leni impedance ndi kutentha opaleshoni ranges malingana magawo thupi.

Mfundo mwadzina wa makhalidwe parametric ofunitsitsa ndi GOST ndipo amadalira kalasi ndi zikuchokera.

Nichrome waya-awiri Mzimuyo-gawo mtanda wake ndi lolingana kulemera skein cholinga kukana.

Choncho, kulemera kwa waya (nichrome) mamita 100 mankhwala ndi mwachindunji njila kwa kukula kwake, ndi awiri ndi malo yachigawo - ndi inversely njila kwa kukana enieni.

Kutentha opaleshoni kumadalira osati kokha mmene mipweya, komanso makhalidwe parametric.

The awiri a waya akupangidwa ndi mafakitale, ndi mwa 0,05-12 mamilimita ndi matepi - 0,15-3,2 mm.

ntchito

Quality zonse zifukwa ndalama. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi aloyi Nichrome. Waya ndi n'kupanga nkhaniyi ankagwiritsa ntchito kumadera miyala ina iliyonse mmalo mwa iwo. Mkulu magetsi kukana, makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana, apamwamba katundu makina, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe zikuwononga, mkulu kutentha zinthu opaleshoni - zonse izi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Makampani:

• Thermocouples metallurgic ng'anjo magetsi.
• zinthu kandalama kwa kupatsidwa ulemu zida zitsulo-kusungunuka.
• Industrial mpweya kuyanika.
• Mbali boilers ndi kuzizira kutentha.
• Magetsi kupanga: resistors ndi rheostats.
• Ena maelekitirodi kwa kuwotcherera.
• Single ndi Mipikisano wochititsa magetsi mawaya.

Ndi waukulu structural zikuluzikulu za zipangizo zonse zamakono:

• zinthu Kutentha mu maketulo magetsi, heaters madzi, boilers, heaters.
• zinthu Kutentha mu dryers tsitsi, kupiringiza zitsulo, zitsulo.
• Automotive makandulo ndi machitidwe magetsi.
• Pakompyuta ndudu.

Mwina mtengo - kokha drawback zinthu Nichrome. Waya bicomponent mtundu faifi tambala-chromium amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri. The zili chitsulo ndi kuchepetsedwa tochepa faifi tambala, nayenso, malangizo ndi mtengo wotsika, koma musati kupereka mwayi kuti Cr20Ni80. Chisankho zimadalira zofunika luso.

Kusankha malonda nichrome kwenikweni ntchito zambiri pa mipweya chidwi ndi mtunduwu, madutsidwe ake magetsi ndi kukana, maonekedwe awiri, ndi mtanda yachigawo kutalika. N'zochititsa chidwi chidwi ndi zolembedwa zogwirizana, komanso kuti athe zowoneka kusiyanitsa ndi aloyi kuchokera ake "mukupanga". Bwino anasankha zinthu - chinsinsi kudalirika kwa zipangizo zamakono chinkhoswe ake.