Chimphona kalasi sitima zapamadzi "Akula" Project 941: mwachidule, makhalidwe

Maphunziro sitima zapamadzi "Shark" akadali mbiri undefeated wa USSR. Ali panyanja ya yoyenda yokha ya masiku 120, mosavuta mitanda nyanja amaona ndipo iye mphamvu kuswa wandiweyani Arctic ayezi ndi kumumenya cholinga mdani wa potulutsa zipolopolo ballistic mivi yonse pasanapite nthawi. Masiku ano, kupeza ntchito chifukwa sindingakhoze, tsoka lake samveka.

yankho lathu

Mtundu manja zinachitika pakati pa USSR ndi United States, ananena ndi mbali zonse za munthu amene chokwanira mavuto mangawawo. Mu zaka 70 ku United States anali atakonzekera ngalawa ndi kusamutsidwa matani 18,7. liwiro lake linali 200 mayunitsi, m'gulu la zida ndiponso makina, kukakwaniritsa m'madzi zida kukulozani akuya mamita 15 mpaka 30. Poyankha, Union sayansi ndi asilikali mafakitale zovuta za utsogoleri dziko anafuna chilengedwe cha luso apamwamba.

Mu December 1972 izo linaperekedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso zofunika kuti akonze sitima zapamadzi ndi cipher "Shark" ndi nambala 941. Start ntchito yomanga anayamba zochita boma kuyamba osauka polojekiti anauzidwa kuchita CDB "Rubin". Kukhazikitsa kamangidwe lingaliro kwachitika mu hangar lalikulu la dziko - pa "Sevmash", titagona chinachitika mu 1976. Pomanga sitima zapamadzi linapangidwa anatulukira angapo zamakono, mmodzi wa iwo - ndi akaphatikiza-yodziyimira payokha njira zomangira kuchepetsa nthawi ya kutsiriza. Lero, njira imeneyi ntchito ambiri mu mitundu yonse ya shipbuilding, koma sitima zapamadzi "Akula" kalasi anali woyamba pa zinthu zonse.

Kumapeto kwa September 1980 ku doko la zombo zapanyanja wa Severodvinsk unayambitsidwa mu White Nyanja, woyamba sitima zapamadzi "Akula" Project 941. Malinga ndi nthano, nyanja, kapena akhala ali, mu uta sitima zapamadzi mpaka ndi adatchithisira m'madzi, m'munsimu waterline anali utoto nsombazi mano pamtunda, mchira atakulungidwa mikondo ya mano atatu. Pambuyo obadwa mu zojambula nyanja mbisoweka m'madziwo chizindikiro atawaloza ndi mfuti, koma kukumbukira anthu, okonda ndi zizindikiro, pomwepo anapereka dzina la cruiser - ". Shark" Zonse mwa otsatira'wa mtundu 941 sitima zapamadzi analandira dzina yemweyo, ndipo anthu oyendetsa zizindikiro zawo mu mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima pa malaya ndi chithunzi cha nsombazi ndi polima. Mu cruiser US anapatsidwa dzina "Mvula ya mkuntho".

kamangidwe

M'madzi kalasi "Shark" bwato mu dongosolo akufanana ndi catamaran - housings awiri, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi awiri mamita 7.2 imakonzedwa kufanana kwa wina ndi mnzake mu ndege yopingasa. The losindikizidwa chipinda ndi gawo kulamulira ili pakati pa matupi zazikulu ziwiri, pali mphamvu ya kutali ndi wailesi zomangamanga armament cruiser. Roketi unit kutsogolo kwa ngalawayo pakati hulls lapansi. Kusamukira ku mbali ina ya ngalawayo kwa wina zotheka kusintha atatu. The alumikizana lonse unalembedwa 19 makontena watertight.

Sitima zankhondo za Project 941 ( "Shark") ndi kumangako, mu kudula m'munsi ziŵiri Pop-achoke chipinda mphamvu zochita zonse za anthu ogwira ntchito. Chipinda, omwe m'nyumba ofesi chapakati, wapafupi kumbuyo kwa cruiser lapansi. Titaniyamu Plating chimakwirira awiri lolamulila, positi chapakati, oponya chipinda, ena pamwamba sewn zitsulo, pa chimene sonar ❖ kuyanika adzatsekeredwa amabisa ku kachitidwe bwato kutsatira.

Front retractable mawilo ndi yopingasa kapangidwe mu uta bwato. Akunja kudula pomwe okonzeka ndi dongosolo zozungulira denga, amatha kuswa ayezi pamwamba olimba pamene yomwe M'madera a zitunda kumpoto.

makhalidwe a

Pa sitima zapamadzi mtundu 941 anaika mphamvu ya m'badwo wachitatu Unit (chawo chinali malita 100,000. S.) Block mtundu, Kusinthaku anali sitimadzipereka mu manyumba awiri mu alumikizana kuthamanga, kuchepetsa kutalika kwa NEI. Choncho ntchito anali bwino.

Koma osati stepi ino anapanga lodziwika bwino m'kalasi sitima zankhondo "Shark." Makhalidwe mwala m'gulu awiri pressurized madzi riyakitala Chabwino-650 ndi awiri nthunzi mtundu chopangira mphamvu. zida zonse zosonkhana walola osati kuonjezera dzuwa la ntchito yonse ya sitima zapamadzi, koma kuchepetsa kugwedera, ndi moyenera, kusintha kutchinjiriza kulira kwa sitimayo. Zokonda mphamvu za nyukiliya adamulowetsa basi pamene ntchito yobweretsa magetsi mphamvu.

zofunika:

• Zolemba malire Utali - mamita 172.
• Zolemba malire m'lifupi - mamita 23,3.
• Thupi kutalika - mamita 26.
• Kusamutsidwa (m'madzi / pamwamba pa madzi) - tonnes 48 / matani 23,2 ..
• Kupirira popanda surfacing - masiku 120.
• kumiza kuya (pazipita / ntchito) - 480 m / 400m.
• liwiro kusambira (pamwambapa madzi / m'madzi) - 12 mayunitsi / 25 mayunitsi.

zida

Main armament - olimba mivi ballistic "zosinthika" (thupi - 90 m, kutalika -.. 17,7 m). chida osiyanasiyana 8.3 TH. makilomita, ndi warhead lagawidwa zokwana 10, omwe ali ndi mphamvu kilotons 100 TNT ndi munthu dongosolo malangizo.

Yambani onse zipolopolo nkhokwe sitima zapamadzi akhale wosakwatiwa mumameza yochepa imeneyi pakati pa kuyambira mayunitsi chida. Kuthamanga zida anapangidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndipo adalowetsedwa, kuya pazipita kumayambiriro a mamita 55. Kulengedwa makhalidwe a zipolopolo envisaged mu chida 24, kenako kusanduka mayunitsi 20.

Features

Sitima zankhondo za Project 941 "Akula" okonzeka ndi magetsi wopangidwa mayunitsi awiri, anapatukana mu osiyana m'makola mwawo adzatsekeredwa wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba. makina amene akhoza younikira zipangizo zimachitika, dongosolo yodzichitira ayankhe pa imfa pang'ono mphamvu.

Pamene opereka ntchito sanakonze choyambilira anali chitetezo ngalawa adalira, otchedwa chitetezo utali wozungulira, amene masamu ndi njira mphamvu zazikulu ndi kutsimikizika experimentally mayunitsi nyumba (awiri Pop-mmwamba gawo kuphatikana chidebe, lumikiza housings ndi T. D.) .

Maphunziro sitima zapamadzi "Shark" inamangidwa pa "Sevmash", pomwe makamaka padziko lonse lapansi lapangidwa ndi kulenga kwa boathouse ake m'nyumba, kapena shopu nambala 55. Zombo za polojekiti 941 yodziwika ndi kuchuluka buoyancy - oposa 40%. Bwato kwathunthu adalowetsedwa, ballast ake ayenera kukhala theka kusamutsidwa ake, chifukwa panali dzina chachiwiri - "madzi chonyamulira". chosankha anthu a kamangidwe anapangidwa ndi diso kutali woona - kuchita kukonza ndi kukonza njira adzafuna pa zipilalapo alipo ndi kukonza mafakitale.

The buoyancy chomwecho zipangitsa kupulumuka kwa chombo mu M'madera a zitunda kumpoto, kumene mukufuna kusiya mu nkhungu ayezi chivundikirocho. Sitima zankhondo "Shark" Project 941 kupirira kuyeza mzati zinthu kumpoto, kumene ayezi makulidwe ukufika 2.5 mamita ndi concomitant ayezi ndi zitunda ayezi influxes. luso kutsegula ayezi makulidwe anasonyeza mobwerezabwereza kuchita.

adalira chitonthozo

The gulu la sitima zapamadzi kwakukulukulu anamaliza ndi alonda, alonda chilolezo. alonda Senior ali kuyikidwa mu cabins ziwiri ndi zinayi bedi okonzeka ndi TV, beseni, mpweya, zovala, madesiki ndi zina zotero.

Oyendetsa ndi alonda junior analandira pa nazo omasuka Kubrick. zinthu sitima zapamadzi amoyo anali oposa omasuka, zombo yekha wa kalasi zida holo ntchito masewera, kusambira dziwe, solarium ndi anthunzi otulutsirako thukuta. Pofuna kusiya zenizeni kwambiri ndawala yaitali, m'dera moyo wakhala analenga.

zisungika

Pa nthawi yonse yomanga sitima zankhondo za mtundu 941 izo inalandiridwa ndi cruisers Navy asanu:

• "Wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" (TK - 208). Anatengera mu December 1981, pambuyo Mokweza kachiwiri anayamba kuchititsa misonkhano July 2002.
• TK-202. Ndikaweruka doko ndi mu utumiki mu December 1983. Mu 2005, ngalawa kusema zitsulo zotha.
• "Simbirsk" (FC-12). Anatengera la kumpoto zombo mu January 1985. Iwo anali kuwataya mu 2005.
• TK-13. cruiser anali ganyu December 1985. Mu 2009, thupi kusema zitsulo za sitima zapamadzi (shestiotsechny chipika mathanki) amasuliridwa yosungirako yaitali pa Kola Peninsula.
• "Arkhangelsk" (FC-17). Tsiku kwa Navy - November 1987. Chifukwa chosowa zida kuyambira 2006, kukambirana nkhani ya magwiritsidwe.
• "Severstal" (FC-20). Kukatumikira ku kagulu ka Navy mu September 1989. Mu 2004, iye anafika kwa malo ndi chifukwa cha kusowa mfuti, waikidwa pa mndandanda nazo.
• TK-210. Bookmark nyumba yomanga chinachitikira pamodzi dismantling a dongosolo la zachuma. Iye anataya ndalama ndipo anagwetsa mu 1990.

Nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi "Akula" kalasi anali anagwirizana mu magawano, amene akutumikira monga m'munsi Anthu Western (Murmansk dera). Kumanganso Nerpichiya Bay inatha mu 1981. Mtundu 941 cruisers zida ndi kunyumba mooring mzere, zipilalapo mbali yapadera, anamanga Kireni wapadera matani 125 kuti potsegula mivi (sanauzidwe).

zikuchitika

Pakali pano, zonse zilipo nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi "Akula" kalasi lili ku doko la kaundula mu mawonekedwe apulumuka, anaganiza zotsatira zawo. The sitima zapamadzi "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" anali akweza ndi zipangizo zoyenerera "Bulava". Malinga ndi lipoti la nyuzipepala, izo zinakonzedwa kutaya zinthu sanali kuchita mu 2016. Posts pa kukhazikitsa dongosolo sanali.

Chimphona sitima zapamadzi Project 941 "Akula", akadali zida wapadera, ndi cruiser yekha, amatha kunyamula pa nkhondowo ntchito mu Arctic. Pafupifupi invulnerable kwa odana ndi sitima zapamadzi, yomwe ili pa US zida. Komanso, palibe mdani angathe alibe njira luso kudziwa ndege cruiser pansi ayezi.