Bernard Madoff: chithunzi ndi mbiri ya woba kwambiri

November 14, 2139 adzabwera Pomaliza m'ndende wamalonda wotchuka American mlandu wa chinyengo. M'mbuyomu zaposachedwapa anali m'gulu la amuna amalonda bwino kwambiri, osati mu US komanso padziko lonse, anali wapampando wa bodi a NASDAQ (Stock Kusinthanitsa).

Za iye ayenera anamva aliyense amene mwanjira ina chidwi zachuma ndi zachuma. Bernard Madoff? Inde, iye anali. Mthakati chotero lonse lapansi sanayambe awonapo. Izi ndi zimene tiyenera kuchita kuti ubongo kuti abwere ndi chotero chisokonezo chachikulu? Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza zimene kwenikweni piramidi ndalama Bernard Madoff, amene anadzudzula izo, komanso mfundo zina m'nkhani ino.

History mlanduwo

M'chaka oyambirira 2009 American "bizinesi", kapena kani, waluntha con munthu amene adakhulupirira anthu oposa 3 miliyoni padziko lonse, kuti akakhale zaka 150 m'ndende chifukwa analenga America lonse mu mbiriyakale osati piramidi ndalama - kuwira, kenako kuphulika. Kuwononga anthu adakhulupirira iye ofunika kwambiri kuposa biliyoni 64 madola US. Ndi nthawi ya mlandu wa Bernard Madoff kale zaka 71. Ndithudi, izo nzosatheka kuti akakhale zaka 150 mu ndende, munthu wa ukalamba, koma ichi ndi chilungamo American. Mwa njira, pali zambiri kuti ali ndi khansa. Mwachibadwa, ngati chozizwitsa sizichitika, ndi fraudster wazamalonda konse ufulu. Komabe, iye amachita musataye mtima. Ngakhale pamene anali m'ndende, iye anatha kuti tiyipukuse kunja chisokonezo china, ngakhale pamlingo wake "wanzeru" Piramidi: anagula koko onse, amene chogulitsidwa shopu m'dera khofi, ndipo anagulitsidwa kwa mtengo wapamwamba zotheka. Mochuluka iye, ndipo ogwira ntchito - ndi mbali yaikulu ya khalidwe lake.

yonena

Iye anabadwa mu 1938 mu banja lina longobwera Ayuda amene adadza kwa America. bambo Bernie a (monga adadziwika kuyambira ubwana) Ralph Madoff anali plumber, koma anali mumakonda ndalama ndi kupeza mmodzi wa kuphana katundu. Amayi wazamalonda tsogolo zikugwira kanthu wapadera, nathamanga banja ndi kulera ana Komabe, ngati akazi Ayuda ambiri amene akukhala mu New World. Mu miyezi yochepa chabe asanabadwe atate mwana wake anadwala kwambiri kuchita zinthu ndalama. Iye ankafuna kuti chirichonse chinali kutuluka umphawi. Mu chaka chomwecho dziko anayamba gawo wokonda Wamkulu Depression, ndipo iye anali opanda ntchito. Kotero kuti "masewero" pa katundu kuwombola anali kupeza kwake kokha, koma zoopsa Atafika kumeneko, iwo sanali kubweretsa. Koma Ralph sanataye mtima, ndipo anayamba bizinesi kugulitsa wake masewera katundu. Komabe, nkhaniyi osati opambana: nthawi imene mwana wake unapita kusukulu, kampani zinatha. Mosiyana Madoff, Sr., m'tsogolo, Jr. anakhala bizinezi, koma pa izo mtsogolo.

ubwana

Mu sukulu yaing'ono, Bernie si makamaka kuima pakati ndi ana ena. banja lake ankakhala mu zinthu wopanikiza, koma ndi chidwi pang'ono kuti mavuto azachuma wa makolo. Monga wachinyamata, pokhala kusambira kwambiri, membala wa timu ya sukulu masewerawo, anaganiza kuti apeze zofunika pa Oyang'anira pamadzi pa gombe kuti ndalama zawo. Pali anapatsa mphunzitsi wake kusambira. Ngakhale ndiye, Bernard Madoff, amene chisokonezo lotsatira anadabwa dziko, sanali kuwononga ndalama ndi hoarding iwo kwa ndalama m'tsogolo.

akula

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, iye analembetsa ku koleji ndipo anayamba kuphunzira Science Political. Adakali wophunzira anakumana ndi Bernie mtsikana wokongola Ayuda ku banja mwachilungamo olemera, Ruth Alpern. Iwo adapanga chinkhoswe mu 1959, kenako anakwatiwa ndi kuyamba moyo pamodzi, mpaka 2009 (kwa zaka 50!), Pamene woba kwambiri anamangidwa. Mu chaka chomwecho analandira digiri yoyamba, iye anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa sukulu Brooklyn wa jurisprudence. Koma apa iye silinakhalitse. Patapita chaka anaganiza kusiya kalasi ndipo tiyeni tiwolokere momasuka.

The ntchito yoyamba

Pa ntchito ya Oyang'anira pamadzi, iye wakhala anatha kudziunjikira madola 5000. Komabe, sikunali kokwanira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabizinesi awo. Iye anatenga $ 50,000 ku achibale a mkazi wake ndipo anayamba wake kampani ndalama choyamba, kuitana izo Bernard L. Madoff ( "Bernard Medoff L"). Wake apongozi Sol Alpern, amene anali mlangizi chuma, osati anathandiza mwana mu njira, komanso zinachititsa kuti makasitomala ake oyamba. Polimbikitsa anzake akale ndi abwenzi talente apongozi pankhani ya ndalama, iye kwakukulukulu anamuthandiza. Ananyalanyaza katundu wamalonda ndi padera mu "Mapepala Pinki" mwa izo. Iwo kwaiye revenues, koma Madoff sanathe kupikisana.

Njira zamakono pochita bizinesi

Komabe, Bernie anapeza njira ndi 1980 Investment sheya LLC ndi limodzi mwa kwambiri (ngati si) waukulu malonda ku New York. 5% ya wotuluka zonse pa katundu kuwombola ku New York, izo ikuchitika ndi kampani. kulumpha zidatheka ndi computerization. Bernard Madoff kampani anali mmodzi mwa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito amagetsi malonda mtundu. Nthawiyi, mpikisano awo anali kufukizabe anatumiza kwa katundu kuwombola antchito ake. Pambuyo pa luso lamakono zapita mayesero onse, akhala maziko a Fund NASDAQ - piramidi Bernard Madoff.

Start chisokonezo

Ine kubwera nthawi ina, pamene anthu apatsidwa ndalama wanzeru speculator chiwerengero cha $ 50 biliyoni. Ndiyeno iye anasankha kupandukira chinyengo lalikulu m'mbiri ya dziko. Mwa njira, kenako iye anavomereza kuti saganizira yekha mlandu chifukwa sanali akopa ndi kunyengedwa. Anthu okha "anaponyedwa mabiliyoni" mu nkhope yake mu chiyembekezo cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zawo. Ndipotu, iwo onse anapita wamisala ndipo sitinabadwe lero, iwo anayenera kumvetsa kuti pali chinachake cholakwika. Koma mwanjira kunyengedwa aliyense ankakonda ndipo sanali wofufuza chofunikira kwambiri. Iwo onse ankaganiza kuti Madoff ali ndi nzeru zapadera, chifukwa imene adachitidwa kupanga phindu lalikulu. Nthawizina ife inadza makasitomala amene koma ayamba kuganiza kuti china chake chinalakwika, kenako Bernard Madoff - wakuba ndi conman wochenjera, osazengereza kamphindi ka, adawatengera kutenga ndalama zawo. Koma iwo sakanakhoza kupewa kupeza mamilioni, ndi nyese lalikulu "wazamalonda", ndi kusiya ndalama zawo naye. Bernard Madoff mu kuyankhulana ndi New York limatiuza mmene kunali kovuta kungosunga nokha chinsinsi. Iye anavomereza kuti unali wovuta kwambiri. Iye anaona vuto, koma iye sakanakhoza kugawana ndi aliyense ndi izi, kapena ndi mkazi wake, amene anakhala ndi moyo zaka 50, popanda ana ... ndipo ngakhale m'bale wake - mnzake wapamtima - iye sananene chilichonse.

Bernard Madoff: chisokonezo, kudabwa dziko

National Market (NNM)) и его мошенничестве. Ine ndikutsimikiza ambiri tamva za anayambitsa kuwombola, "Nasdaq" (NASDAQ National Market (NNM) ) ndi chinyengo. Tikayang'ana momwe iye anali wokhoza kuti tiyipukuse kunja chisokonezo, akhoza kutchedwa mphunzitsi wa msika katundu. Ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa mmene kunyenga ndalama kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko. kuchuluka imene anatha 'mpukutu "iwo, anali oposa biliyoni 60 madola US. ndalama wapita si bwino kumene. chinyengo chotero dziko linayamba kale, ndipo Bernard Madoff, amene uonela pacithunzi-thunzi m'nkhani anali anakuvoterani kwambiri katswiri taphunzira oonera onse a mbiri United States. Kuchita chinyengo ichi, anagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri wamba Ponzi piramidi. Iye masked izo pansi thumba la tchinga. Ichi chinali lophweka, koma pa nthawi yomweyo zovuta chiwembu. Chifukwa adadziwika ngati bizinezi Stock Kusinthanitsa, anthu kumukhulupirira ndi ndalama zawo, kukhulupirira kuti ubongo wake akhoza kumva zimene ena palibe kuyambira 1960.

N'chifukwa chiyani anthu kukhulupirira iye?

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa zotheka chisokonezo? Awa makamaka:

1. mbiri wopanda wamalonda ndi bwalo lonse la anzake. Back mu masiku ambiri kompyuta luso ankaoneka zovuta kuzimvetsa, iye anagwiritsa ntchito malonda, komanso kusanthula. chakuti iye anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito mu ntchito yake, anakweza ulamuliro wake. Ndipo ambiri a anzake ankaganiza kuti Iye anali mwini wa luso wosiyana ndi maganizo odabwitsa. Ndipo piramidi Bernard Madoff sanali kwathunthu bwino kwa ambiri a ndalama, koma iwo ankakhulupirira moona mtima kuti mwini akudziwa zoyenera kuchita. Ndipotu iye anali ndi mbiri imeneyi!

2. mobisa analinso ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa chuma cha Madoff chisokonezo. Iye anali Ambuye amabisa wotuluka awo, ndi ndalama strategy osindikizidwa mu njira ambiri. Iye analimbikitsa ndalama lake kukhala pa zomwe zakhala thumba amati zinthu ziwayendere bwino. N'chifukwa chake pakadali pano palibe amene anaona kufooka kwa ndalama strategy Bernie. Akatswiri ena amaona kuti pali chinachake cholakwika, koma sanathe kupeza umboni uliwonse.

3. Madoff ankaonedwa mu Ayuda kunja kwa Palestina ulamuliro waukulu. Ndi chilengedwe ichi, iye anawapeza bwenzi latsopano ndi Investor. Ena mwa iwo anali biliyoni, amalonda chachikulu, amene sanali mantha kuonjezera ndalama yanu, ankapitabe likulu ndalama mapulezidenti mpando wa gulu la oyang'anira a mabanki padziko lonse lapansi mu dziko. Ayuda amakonda aganyali ntchito mamembala awo osati oimira mitundu ina.

4. lopeza kuchuluka anali ochepa - avareji 12% pa annum, ndi malipiro chidwi sanakhalepo vuto.

kukhudzana

Munthu woyamba amene anayamba kuganiza Madoff chinyengo ndipo anaona ntchito chinachake wake wabisa anali Gary Markopoulos - Financial katswiri. kuwerengetsera wake wotumidwa kwa Commission pa sheya ndi Kusinthana Commission, iwo anzawo. Ndipo iye anachita izo osati kamodzi, koma kanayi - mu 2000, 2001, 2005 ndi 2007, motero. Osati kamodzi sanamvere kwa iye. Iye Poyamba: palibe kuwerengetsera pachithunzichi kapena zolakwika ntchito thumba. Patatha Madoff yathera, anafalitsa buku zoyesayesa wake amamupeza kulalikira kwa anthu a ntchito. Iwo ankatchedwa "Palibe wina Kodi Mverani".

Mu 2000, Bernie anapereka kugulitsa thumba ake a madola biliyoni. Komabe, iye anakana. Aliyense amene anadziwa nkhaniyi, anali wodabwa ndipo sanathe kumvetsa chifukwa chokana lapansi. Komabe, nawatanthauzira iwo zoyenera kuchita ntchitoyi ndi abwino monga kale, ndipo akufuna kutenga ku mlingo wina. Ndipotu, Bernard Madoff, amene yonena za m'badwo achinyamata chidwi, mantha kuti patsogolo mchitidwe wa zogulitsa anayendera idzachitike, komanso kuti sakanakwanitsa. Ndipotu, ngati chinyengo kuti zidzaonekera poyera. Markopoulos ndi anadabwa Choncho, zimene iye anapezazo wake napeza zimene anabisika kwa ena. Patapita zaka ziwiri, kuchuluka kwa chidwi kuti chifukwa kulipira ndalama, Bernie, akula mbakhala tinthu tating'ono, ndiyeno kwambiri speculator mantha anayamba. Ndithudi, iye anayesa kuti apeze koposa ndalama latsopano, koma ndalama zawo silingafotokoze kuchuluka chofunika. Komabe, iye anatha kulimbana nawo mpaka 2008. katundu wake msika inaonongeka. Ndiye anadza pachimake, ndi ana a Bernie anaona kuti bambo awo chinachake cholakwika. Pamene anamva kuti atate awo anachita, ndiye zapita nacho kupolisi. panalibe njira ina kunja. Ndithudi, zitseko awo akuphulikira makasitomala onyengedwa ndipo adamfunsa ndalama zake. Chifukwa, izo anadziwika kuti watha zaka 13, mwachitsanzo kuyambira mu 1997, mkulu Madoff sanalekerere ndalama iliyonse.

khoti

Zikuonetsa kwa inde woba unatengedwa m'chaka cha 2009. Iye anavomereza kuti kwa zaka zambiri chinkhoswe mu ndalama mwachinyengo. Patapita miyezi 3, mayesero unachitikira, ndi wabizinesi kale wakhala m'ndende kwa kwa mawu a zaka 150. Patapita chaka chimodzi, mwana wake anapezeka anapachikidwa kwawo New York. Atamva zimenezi, bambo anagwera mu maganizo kwambiri. zina mwana Madoff a - Andrew - zinali zamphamvu kwambiri. Iye anapitirira nazo mphamvu zawo kampani. Mu kuyankhulana ndi limodzi mwa mabuku akuluakulu Madoff anavomereza kuti ndi ambiri nkhawa mavuto anachimwitsa banja lake. Koma kwa iye mu ndende ndi zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa ngati kapena ayi, ndi - mbala, koma osati pickpocket kapena kuba pothyola. Ndipo kwa amene anali m'ndende - aulemu. Ndipo Madoff anavomereza kuti ambiri a chitonthozo wake ndi ndalama wake anakhoza kubwerera theka la ndalama, kuti ndi masenti 50 pa dola. Iye yekha kutonthozedwa ndi lingaliro chomwe ngati maziko ake, anthu awa akadali kuti ataya ndalama zawo, kudalira ndalama zina. Kumene, pakuti ambiri a kuvomereza kwake adawomba amakayikira kwambiri, ndipo palibe munthu akanakhoza kumvetsa akalapa kapena ayi kwenikweni. Koma ngakhale kuti mwana wake sanathe kupirira mirandu ndiponso kusakhulupirirana ya anthu, ndipo anadzipha, iye, ndithudi, alapa kwambiri.

Bernard Madoff: mafilimu a zoberana wamkulu

Mu zaka zingapo zapitazi anabwera zojambula angapo monga zopelekedwa ndi mbali mafilimu amene ndikuuzeni za moyo ndi ntchito za woba zopezera ndalama mu mbiri. Choncho "Meydoff" ngolo inajambulidwa mu 2006. Komabe, iye si wofanana wowerenga lapansi. Wina filimu za Bernard Madoff - "Wabodza, lalikulu ndi loopsa", udindo waukulu umene kusewera wosagonjetseka Robert De Niro ndi Mishel Pfayfer, wopambana kwambiri. Opanga filimuyi Komabe, si awa awiri. Komanso chithunzi cha katswiri ndalama Gary Makropoulos kunachotsedwa. Iwo ankatchedwa "kuthamangitsa Madoff" ndipo inachokera pa nkhani woona, ndi ulaliki wake amenewa mzere: ". Mwatsoka, filimuyi ndi yochokera ku zochitika zenizeni" Maganizo pa filimu imeneyi anali osokonezeka, munthu wasangalala, koma munthu kudulidwa mtengo. Pali mabuku angapo amene amatiuza za con kwambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo akutchedwa "Kupita Kokasangalala ndi zaka." Mwa njira, pambuyo maholide Christmas, mu January 2017 manyuzipepala onse kamodzinso anakumbukira dzina superaferista. Ndipo pomwepo tinaphunzira onse kumene Bernard Madoff akukhala mu ndende. Ndipotu, monga tatchulazi, anaganiza kusonyeza talente awo entrepreneurial ndipo m'mene anagula mtanda wonse wa ufa koko anakhala resell litatha ndi phindu okha. Kuti cheni ake. Mwachidule, yekha m'manda a linunda zolondola ...