Ng'ombe ya wakuda motley mtundu, kuswana awo, zokolola

Black ndi woyera ng'ombe igwera mu gulu la ziweto zabwino-ayipanga ndipo zikufunika mkulu mwa alimi. Mkulu zokolola za mkaka - khalidwe lalikulu la mtundu wa. M'nkhani ino tikambirana mbali ya kuswana ndi ng'ombe wakuda motley.

Kufotokozera za mitundu

Ng'ombe ya wakuda motley mtundu anachokera mwa kudutsa angapo Dutch Mitundu. Ng'ombe za mtundu wakuda motley ali kukula kwa thupi wabwino, mafupa ndi waukulu kwambiri. Thunthu nyama ndi njila, kumbuyo molunjika, miyendo molunjika kuwongola. Kulemera pafupifupi wa ng'ombe ndi 500-650 makilogalamu ndi ng'ombe - 950-1000 makilogalamu. Ng'ombe zambiri opangidwa ndi gulu la 40 kg. Animal nyama khalidwe zovomerezeka. Mkaka - cholinga chachikulu chimene ayipanga wakuda ndi woyera ng'ombe. The zokolola za mitundu ndi mkulu. Choncho, ambiri mkaka zokolola pa ng'ombe lingayambire pakukhala 4000 kuti makilogalamu 6500 mkaka. The chizindikiro cha wokhutira mafuta pa 3.5%.

Black akuda ng'ombe atengere mosavuta m'malo osiyanasiyana nyengo ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri. Chifukwa acclimatization mofulumira, nyama amenewa bwino ndinazolowera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mwa ng'ombe za mkaka pa chiwerengero cha ziweto iwo zatenga malo chachiwiri. Masiku ano, asayansi ntchito pa kusintha kwa nyama wakuda motley ndi kuswana mtundu woyera, kutenga nkhani ya nyengo ya mabacteria osiyana malo. Kuonjezera katundu thupi ndi kuonjezera zokolola ntchito ng'ombe Dutch ndi Holstein-Friesian.

Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa mtundu

Ng'ombe utoto mtundu anali linachokera pa Soviet Union. Choncho, 1930-1932 gg. ndi gawo la Russia ku Poland, ndi Baltic States ndi Germany mwalanditsa ambiri nyama wakuda ndi zokongola, amene anaikidwa mu madera osiyana a dziko. Kuyambira pamenepo, tinayamba mwachangu kawetedwe ng'ombe monga mtundu woyera kapena anawoloka ndi mitundu ina, amene akhala payokha. Choncho, chifukwa cha ntchito nthawi yaitali m'mikhalidwe yosiyana nyumba, kudya, kuswana kotheka kuti tikuona mtundu nonuniform wa ng'ombe, umene 1959 ovomerezeka pansi pa dzina la "wakuda ndi woyera ng'ombe."

mitundu ya miyala

Chifukwa cha kuswana mtundu anakwanitsa kufika mitundu yambiri ya ng'ombe wakuda motley kuti ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana ya zokolola mkaka, mkaka mafuta okhutira ndi kusinthasintha kwa nyengo:

1. Black ndi woyera ng'ombe zigawo chapakati Russia - ayipanga ndi mating ndi mtundu Dutch Kholmogory ndi Yaroslavl. Nyama za mtundu uwu lalikulu ndithu ndi kupereka mkulu zokolola za mkaka (pa chaka 6000 kg), koma otsika ku mkaka mafuta okhutira - osapitirira 3.6%.
2. Black ndi White mtundu Ural - popangidwa ndi kudutsa Tagil Bovine East Frisians pang'ono ndi miyala ku Baltic. ng'ombe awa sakhala zipatso (3700-5500 makilogalamu a mkaka pachaka), koma kuposa mitundu ina mwa mawu a mafuta okhutira - 3.8-4%.
3. Black ndi White Cow ku Siberia - analengedwa chifukwa cha mtanda kuswana ndi Mitundu m'dera ostfzriskoy ng'ombe Siberia. Izi ng'ombe zochepa wamphamvu ndi pang'ono zosakwana mitundu ina ya m'mbuyomu zokolola. Choncho, ambiri mkaka zokolola ranges kuchokera 3500 mpaka 5000 makilogalamu a mkaka. Chizindikiro pafupifupi mafuta okhutira (kuchokera 3,7 kuti 3,9%).

ng'ombe kuswana zone

Kuswana wakuda ndi woyera mtundu ng'ombe anati m'madera onse a Russia. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha ng'ombe pali m'madera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dziko, Western ndi kum'mawa Siberia, ndi Urals, North Caucasus ndi Far East. Makamaka otchuka zimasokoneza mu Moldova ndi kum'mwera Ukraine.

kuswana Features

Kuika kuswana ng'ombe wakuda ndi woyera ndi pafupi zofanana monga mitundu ina ya ng'ombe. Koma ife tisanafike kwa nyama ayenera kukhala zosatheka kuwerengetsa ndalama ya yokonza ake ndi phindu anakonza. Black ndi woyera mkaka mtundu ng'ombe ndi kuisamalira akhoza kupereka ndalama wabwino, koma m'malo amafuna kwambiri khama. Motero, zili ng'ombe imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa njira: kukama mkaka, chakudya, kukonza makola, udzu, etc ...

Pa dilution wa ng'ombe utoto ndikofunika kuganiza za malo amene iye adzakhala. Ziyenera kukhala wouma ofunda ndi wotakasuka (osachepera 20m²). mwapadera ayenera kukonza yozizira. Kawirikawiri December ng'ombe ndi pakati, koma anapitiriza mkaka. Thupi la ng'ombe pakati chifukwa kupanga katundu mkaka mu suspense kwambiri. Nthawi imeneyi, nyama zimafuna kusamalidwa kwambiri. Choncho, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ng'ombe bwino mpweya wokwanira, linawala khola. The firiji ayenera kukhala mulingo woyenera, nyama si supercool. Yabwino kutentha - 5 mpaka 12 ° C.

Mkaka wa m'mawere ndi kukama mkaka

Ng'ombe ya wakuda motley mtundu anaikama chimodzimodzi monga ng'ombe zina mkaka. Choncho, iwo kupereka phindu lochuluka wa ku 12-17 mkaka wa m'mawere, ngakhale nthawi imeneyi anali mu nthawi zina. The pazipita kuchuluka kwa mkaka angathe kukonzekera pakati pa 4 ndi 5 lactations.

A zimakhudza kwambiri pa zokolola ndi khalidwe la chisamaliro ndi malo amene amakhala ndi wakuda ndi woyera ng'ombe zimasokoneza. Zokolola mkaka akhoza kukhala wamkulu, ngati inu kuchita malamulo yaikulu ya zili ng'ombe. Pa wabata ndi wofatsa akuchitira ng'ombe womangidwa kwa mwini ndi mosavuta adziwe maluso a khalidwe.

pamsinkhu wobereka amapezeka mu ng'ombe miyezi 6, koma nkhani ya ng'ombe panobe. Economic kukhwima pa miyezi 16 pamene nyama moyo kulemera ndi osachepera 70% ya ng'ombe wamkulu.

kudya Features

Eni ng'ombe wakuda motley tiyenera kukumbukira kuti, chifukwa cha kukula lalikulu pamafunika chakudya kwambiri. Choncho, kwa chaka nyama ayenera kukhala osachepera 20 centners nsipu ndi, kuwonjezera, limafotokoza ndi zokoma chakudya. Kuyambira ng'ombe mphamvu zimadalira khalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mkaka.

M'nyengo yozizira mu khola adzaikidwe mbalame wodyetsa. Mu kukula ayenera kukhala ndi kutumikira limodzi la udzu. Chipinda amafunikanso kuika mbiya ya madzi ng'ombe akhoza kumwa nthawi iliyonse. Ngati madzi mu khola m'nyengo yozizira amaundana, ndi keg akhoza kusungidwa nthawi zonse. Zosinthika zofunika kumwa kamodzi pa tsiku, chifukwa ndi kuipanikiza wa nyama madzi afika kwambiri chakudya, ndipo sanachedwe umachoka. Ngati yozizira mu khola thermometer kuzizira kutentha, madzi ayenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse mwatsopano.

Malinga ndi kukula ndi zaka buku chakudya m'nyengo yozizira angakhale osiyana pang'ono. Kwa chakudya chokwanira, izo m'pofunika kukonzekera za 30 centners udzu ndipo udzu, ndi 55 m'ma zokoma chakudya. Ichi ndi chakudya waukulu, umene uyenera kudya wakuda ndi woyera ng'ombe zimasokoneza. Kudyetsa forage analimbikitsa 100 ga pa 1 lita imodzi ya kupanga mkaka. Ngati wambirimbiri mkaka, mlingo akhoza ziwonjezeke.

Ngati pali achinyamata, yozizira nkhokwe chakudya ayenera centners 15 coarse ndi zokoma chakudya 9 centners pa mutu.

mavuto mtundu okhutira

Ng'ombe utoto mtundu yodziwika ndi thanzi labwino komanso chachonde mkulu mkaka. Koma ngakhale mkulu ng'ombe ololera akhoza kutulutsa osakwanira mkaka zokolola. Ndipo akhoza kugwirizana osati ndi chibadwa zoipa, komanso ndi zinthu zina. Choncho, zokolola za ng'ombe anakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga nthawi ya zaka, zakudya zopatsa thanzi, nyengo, ndi zaka, moyo kulemera, nthawi ya mpumulo pamaso calving. Komanso, ng'ombe wakuda ndi variegated amafuna yokonza mosamala ndipo zili khalidwe. Asayansi anachititsa kuyesera imene awiri a ng'ombe amayi omwewo anali mu zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Anali kwambiri padera mu chikuku chamwana, ndipo winayo anali mu malo nkhanza. Mbali yoyamba ya ng'ombe wakula mkulu ololera namwino, pamene lachiwiri - ndi ng'ombe wamba.