Ndi "drone" n'chiyani? Kufotokozera ndi ntchito ya latsopano UAV Russia

Anadabwa "kodi drone?" Ambiri pafupifupi ndithu kuchita kudziwa yankho. zipangizo izi amatchedwanso drones ndipo ankagwiritsa kufalitsa posachedwapa. Koma mtengo amaona mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi drone?

Ngati njira ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse zotheka kuti tikonze kapena m'malo kwambiri wodziwa kwambiri apadera anthu ogwira trudnovospolnimy. N'chifukwa chake anthu ndi makampani mwachangu chinapitiriza kukwaniritsidwa, zotsatira za zomwe m'tsogolo akhoza ntchito otetezeka. Chitsanzo ndi makina, mmodzi amene anali brainchild chipangizo wapadera multifunctional. Choncho, kodi drone? Childs kudziwika monga opanda ndege ali kutali ankalamulira, koma pali luntha okulira pa mawu. Drones sikuti kuuluka, koma mbali yawo wamba Cholinga pa kukhazikitsa ntchito zina popanda thandizo anthu kapena ndi phukusi ake kochepa. N'zosadabwitsa UAV ndi poyamba yekha ntchito ndi asilikali.

Mbiri ya zikamera ndi kukula

Mlembi wa lingaliro zipangizo chosonyeza anakwanitsa anakhala, osati n'zosadabwitsa Nikola Tesla. Mu 1899, anawaonetsa nyumba ntchito chotengeracho. malingaliro ake anapitiriza mu 1910, mnyamata American, Charles Kettering, akufuna kukhala ndege kuti anagwira ntchito ndi thandizo la gululo. Mwatsoka, tikhoza kunena kuti analephera.

Akukhulupirira kuti UAV woyamba mwatsatanetsatane UK zolinga asilikali mu 1933. Pakuti uyu anali ntchito kubwezeretsedwa biplane Komabe, kwa zipangizo atatu ndi chimodzi chokha bwinobwino ndege. M'tsogolo, makina pang'onopang'ono bwino, panali njira zatsopano kwa kasamalidwe awo ndi ulamuliro. Kafukufuku ntchito anapitiriza pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World kenako. More kapena zochepa zotsatira bwino angatchedwe kuoneka wotchuka "V1" ndi "V2". Zochitika zofanana zinachitika mu USSR.

Kuwonjezera zolinga mwangwiro asilikali, UAVs akhala ntchito kuphunzitsa asilikali m'tsogolo. Koma mtundu manja alibe kuima, ndi mphamvu yaikulu apitiriza kukhala chida chimene akanatha kuti tiletse mdani. Panthawi ina, ngakhale USSR wakhala mtsogoleri mwa mawu a ulimi wa UAVs. Koma ndiye United States anakoka patsogolo, chifukwa nkhondo ndi Vietnam kutaya ndege ake anali aakulu kwambiri - drones unathandizapo.

Ngakhale asilikali koyamba "chilengedwe", UAV anapezeka ndi cholinga chake wamba. Mwa muyezo wake watsopano, iwo ali wamfupi ndi tsiku ndi tsiku dzina - drones, amene anakhala kwambiri kuposa chidule cha. Mwa njira, mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi zochita zawo, chifukwa mu Chingerezi a drone - "Bumblebee" kapena akuti "kulira". Requalification komanso anapereka kutsogolera zina chitukuko, chifukwa wamba drones wailesi ndi zambiri mwayi. Koma aliyense kopita ayenera makhalidwe ake, kotero kuti maloboti akadali mu malo. Choncho, zikuoneka funso zimene drone kumanzere. Kodi n'chiyani?

mitundu

Monga ulamuliro, drones zimasiyana-siyana ukulu ndi makhalidwe a mphamvu za. Pali 4 siyana malinga ndi muyezo loyamba:

1. Yaying'ono. Zipangizo za gulu kulemera kwa makilogalamu 10. Angathe kuthawa mosalekeza kwa ola pamalo okwera 1 kilometre.
2. Mini. 10-50 makilogalamu, kutalika malire - makilomita 3-5, nthawi ya ndege - maola angapo. zipangizo mbandakucha mu gulu akhoza zimagwilanso nchito kwa boma, ndiye - palibe.
3. Avereji. Unyinji wa matani mpaka 1, ndege nthawi - maola 10-12, pazipita kutalika - makilomita 9-10.
4. Lolemera. Mpaka tsiku ndege pamalo okwera makilomita 20.

akhoza kuwasiyanitsa pa limatchula za ntchito zawo motere:

• unguided;
• zodziwikiratu;
• akumidzi womwe.

chipangizo Chitsanzo

Standard UAV kapangidwe amapereka kachipangizo navigation wolandila, komanso gyroscope ndi accelerometer. Komanso chipangizo limakhudza ndi gawo programmable. Kulemba ma aligorivimu ntchito ntchito zinenero waudindo: C, C ++, Modula-2, Oberon SA kapena Ada95.

Koma ngati inu ndifika ndi kutumiza zambiri kwa woyendetsa, ndi kapangidwe kumaphatikizapo kukumbukira gawo , ndipo chopatsilira. Aliyense zipangizo zina anawonjezera, malingana ndi ntchito. Mu drones kulamulidwa ndi zinenero kukhala lamulo wolandila ndi chopatsilira deta telemetry.

kusankhidwa

zolinga zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi drone zouluka, yaikulu akonzedwa. Kupatula pa asilikali tanenera kale, iwo zikugwira kujambula mlengalenga, chitetezo polojekiti. Mafakitale, ndi ku nkhokwe zawo zipangizo zimenezi, ambiri: .. Agriculture, nsomba, nkhalango chitetezo, sanjira, mphamvu, nthaka, zomangamanga, TV, etc. Kale, kutukula ndi kufunafuna njira mmene mothandizidwa ndi yobereka opanda katundu osiyanasiyana, kukhazikitsa odalirika kulankhulana ndi m'madera akumidzi ndipo motero kuchepetsa mafuta ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Mwachidule, mavuto pa Mlengi wokongola kwambiri ngati anthu ofuna zina kale kumeneko, ndipo poyankha maganizo panobe. Choncho lingathe ndi waukulu.

kujambula

Tiyenera kunena chizolowezi latsopano kuti zayamba chifukwa kufalitsa za lonse la UAV lapansi. Ndi zokhudza kutenga zithunzi za kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino, amene ntchito kukwaniritsa anali amazipanga kovuta. Zouluka drone ndi kamera kakang'ono amalola kuti tione zowoneka bwino kwa mfundo chosiyana maganizo ndi kuwaona m'njira yatsopano. Ndipo ndodo bwino kwambiri nthawi zonse nawo mipikisano wapadera pansi pa aegis wa magazini otchuka Mwachitsanzo, National Geografic.

multicopter

Pali gulu la ndege, amene amaona mosiyana chifukwa cha kusiyana kukonza. Ndipotu, drone quadrocopter osati zosiyana kwambiri UAVs wamba, iye yekha ali ndi kuchuluka kwa kachitidwe wononga - Pankhaniyi anayi. Ndi dongosolo lino wotchuka kwambiri pakati drones wamba. Komabe, nkhawa yaikulu anali chitetezo cha ndege awo, kuyambira kumaliseche mwadzidzidzi a batire kuchokera kutalika kwa 0.5-1 kilometre, ngakhale mwachilungamo wopepuka chipangizo zingachititse choipa kwa anthu, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa osati pochitika maphunziro apadera pa ulamuliro UAV, komanso kutsatira malamulo apadera.

Chidwi zitsanzo UAVs

Mwa zipangizo ndi ntchito zothandiza, palinso malo zidole komanso zosangalatsa. Choncho, zaka zingapo zapitazo, munthu wopanga lalikulu anayambitsa Parrot drone drone, wokhala odalirika Alamu koloko. Kamodzi kunafika nthawi ya kudzutsidwa anathawa kapena kuuluka kuchoka khamu, ndi kutembenukira izo inu mukhoza mwachigwira ichi, chimene complicates kwambiri ntchito ku tulo. Kotero kuti chipangizo otere osati kukhala zothandiza komanso kusangalala kuyang'ana pa zapamwamba kuti zokwanira.

Wina wojambula Dutch, mwachitsanzo, anabwera ndi lingaliro kulipira ulemu kwa mphaka wake, amene anafa pansi pa magudumu a galimoto, kupanga quadrocopter pachiyambi. Chinyama anaberekera pa moyo wa dzina la ulemu la mmodzi wa abale Wright, ndipo atafa zomangira wake chowopsyezera khwangwala anali kukondana, ndi dongosolo lonse chinaperekedwa kwa anthu pa chionetsero cha luso lamakono mu 2012. Chisoni wakhala osokonezeka, koma nkhani chochitika kwaiye lonse. Ndipo ngati drone izi quadrocopter mphaka - mwina si lingaliro bwino, pali mwayi wa kubwera ndi chinachake zawo.

kupezeka

Zofunikila pa malonda a zanyengo wamba kulibe, ngakhale nkhondowo drone kugula, ndithudi, si choncho n'zovuta, choncho amene akufuna kutenga zithunzi ndi mavidiyo kuchokera kumwamba, ndi mbalame bwino, penyani zinthu magalimoto, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zipangizo izi, kumusonyeza mwaufulu. Ena okonda amakonda kupanga manja awo, makamaka ngati muli ndi chidziwitso yoyenera. Kupanga drone akuwuluka ndi kamera - osati amenewa yovuta kwa amisiri, zinachitikira kwambiri nthawi zonse zilipo, chabwino, mitengo demokalase ndithu chitsanzo - mtengo pafupifupi kuzungulira $ 300. Pali mtengo zitsanzo limene kwenikweni ikugwirizana dzanja.

otsutsa

Ngakhale kuti chipangizo gulu "UAV / drone" wakhala ambiri posachedwapa, izo ziyenera anthu ambiri amene kampeni ya chiletso kapena loletsa mwa zipangizozi. Iwo amati udindo wawo kuti UAV, anasefukira mzinda, osati kulenga phokoso owonjezera, komanso zingabweretse zithunzi ndi mavidiyo kudzera m'mawindo a nyumba, motero ankhondowo zachinsinsi. Ngakhale otsutsa akuonetsa kusakhutira makamaka US, koma nkhani yaikulu za malamulo malamulo ntchito za drones si maphunziro. Komabe, kufunika amalenga kotunga - ena opanga kale kugulitsa zipangizo kuti adziwe kupezeka kwa ndege mwa utali wozungulira ena. The chipangizo sensa ndi siyanitsa ndi mbalame za chikhalidwe kuyenda ndi limatulutsa phokoso wapadera, chabwino, kodi kuthana ndi sanatiitane "mlendo", aganiza kuti mwini yekha.

opanga

Ngati ife kulankhula za gulu la "nkhondowo drone", mtsogoleriyo dziko m'munda uwu, mosakaika, adzakhala Israel. Iye, ndithudi, ndi amagulitsa akutsogolera lolemekezeka, amanenera, 40% msika lonse. Mayiko ndi gawo lalikulu la asilikali mafakitale zovuta, monga US ndi Russia, anapangana ndi mapangano Israeli bungwe chitukuko anzake a zipangizo.

player wina zikuluzikulu msika ndi Iran. Malinga ndi akatswiri, chitukuko posachedwapa opanga m'dera angathe kupikisana ndi mankhwala Israeli. A okwanira zitsanzo zolinga zosiyanasiyana ndipo chili ndi asilikali Argentine.

ziyembekezo chitukuko

Nkhondowo drones mtsogolo si chipeneko - Mulimonsemo iwo ntchito. Monga zipangizo wamba, chiyembekezo ndi zambiri chidwi. Malinga ndi zimene zilipo poyera analemba ndi mabungwe a EU, mu 2020, ogula kufunika kwa UAVs adzakhala kufalitsidwa ndi makampani motere: 45% adzabwera kuchokera mabungwe boma, 25% - ntchito yozimitsa moto, 13% - ulimi ndi mitengo 10% amatenga mphamvu, 6% - ndemanga padziko lapansi, ndi otsala 1% - mauthenga komanso wailesi.

Komabe, tsopano ambiri kapangidwe maofesi kuganizira mmene drones akhoza anakonza yobereka. Ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kuthetsa ambiri mavuto: vuto ndi mphamvu zokwanira ndi moyo batire kuti nkhani ya kutaya wochezeka. Koma ambiri, mbali iyi Makina uposa zingamuthandize.

mu Russia

Mu Russia, chitukuko ya nthawi zakale Soviet anali yovomerezeka zifukwa zina atayika, kuti mfundo makampani anali kuphunzira kuchokera zikande. Mu 2009 iye anali kupereka pangano ndi kampani Israeli kwa ogulidwa UAV, koma patapita anaganiza kukhala drones awo Russia. Chifukwa chaichi Utumiki wa silikhali ali allocated biliyoni 5 rubles, koma ndalama alibe zidapatsa zotsatira wolakalakika - chipangizo si kuima pulogalamu mayeso.

Mu 2010, "Transas" kampani anapambana chenicheni R & D wa UAVs, makamaka chifukwa chakuti anali kale zinachitikira Zimenezi. zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi chipambano cha chitukuko - linalake digiri zanu zachinsinsi. Mu 2012, inali kudziŵika za bwinobwino chitsanzo mayeso amatchedwa "Orlan-10". Pambuyo nawo Zochita angapo chitsanzo analandira kuonera ndi ndemanga zabwino usilikali, koma chipangizo izi n'cholinga okha yochepa osiyanasiyana, moti chitukuko amachitika malangizo angapo drones Russian akhoza kutenga udindo mantha ndi bwino kuteteza malire ku ngozi angathe.

Mu 2014 tinali ayesedwe UAV sing'anga-osiyanasiyana, komanso prototypes zofunika kulemera matani 10 mpaka 20. Komanso, anthu anaonetsa reconnaissance zovuta "ofuna" imene nambala ndemanga, koma ambiri amaona zingamuthandize kwambiri. Komanso lipoti la chitsanzo kupanga "kumudzi" limodzi la mabungwe ang'onoang'ono a Russian Federation ichitikire ndi Israel.

Ngakhale mavuto onse, makampani ali ndi kuthekera wabwino, koma mwatsoka, ndi drones Russian ndi chodziwikiratu kuti posachedwa m'tsogolo "mphepo chachiwiri" mu mawonekedwe a kutembenuka kuti kudzinenera wamba. opanga yaikulu ya makina anthu ambiri ndipo palibe koma pamaso.