Makinawa mfuti Simonov: mbali ndi chithunzi

ABC 36 - basi mfuti Simonov, linatuluka mu 1936. Poyamba ngati chida kudziletsa potsegula mfuti, koma pa okonza ndi awonjezera patsogolo queues kuwombera mode. Kodi woyamba basi mfuti chambered kwa 7,62, omwe anavomerezedwa ndi Soviet Union, komanso yoyamba mfuti mu kalasi, analowa utumiki mfundo. Chakumapeto kufika ABC 36 miyezi yochepa chabe patsogolo pa American M1 Garand. Today ife kuyang'ana pa mbiriyakale ya ulimi wa zodziwikiratu mfuti Simonov ndi luso waukulu magawo.

kamangidwe

Woyamba zinachitika basi mfuti Simonov unayamba mu 1926. Ataona akufuna S. G. Simonovym komiti ntchito zida zankhondo anaganiza kuti tisalole zida mayeso. Mu 1930, mpikisano mu mlengi manja anapambana. Simoni mpikisano waukulu ku kamangidwe ka mfuti yokha anakhala FV Tokarev. Mu 1931, kupitiriza ntchito kuwongolera mfuti yake Simonov zambiri ake akweza.

Kuzindikila

Simonov basi mfuti amamudziwa anayesedwa pa malo, chifukwa mu gunsmiths Union anaganiza kumasula mtanda ka ABC kwa M'gulu kuyezetsa lonse. Imodzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mtanda woyamba wotwaliwa kwa kukhazikitsa ndondomeko pa chiyambi cha 1934 mpaka kuyamba kupanga m'ziwawa. Kumasulidwa anakonza kukhazikitsa mu Izhevsk, kumene Simon anapita ku munthu kuthandiza gulu la ndondomeko kupanga. Mu March 1934, Komiti ya chitetezo ya USSR anatengera kusamvana pa ABC 36 chitukuko cha mphamvu kupanga mu chaka chamawa.

Malinga ndi zotsatira 1935-1936 chitsanzo zaka Simon watsimikizira kwambiri kuposa chitsanzo Tokarev. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti osiyana ABC zitsanzo pa mayeso ukulephera. Pa mapeto a ntchito kuonerera, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka zitsulo zotsimikizira zopindika, osati kupanga zolakwika. Umboni wa zimenezi zinali prototypes woyamba wa mfuti, umene unachitikira popanda kupuma kwa akatemera 27 chikwi.

mukutengera

Mu 1936, ndi mfuti yokha Simonov ayamba USSR. Iye anali woyamba basi chida pansi pa Red Army mfuti katiriji 7,62. Chida analowa utumiki wosiyana ndi zinachitika kapangidwe wotsatira njira.

Mu 1938, ABC 36 koyamba wasonyeza poyera pa May Tsiku lankhondo perete. Iye anali atakonzekera ndi mivi Choyamba Moscow Proletarian Division. Pa February 26 chaka chomwecho AI Bykhov, Director wa mbewu Izhevsk, anati ABC (basi mfuti Simonov) kwathunthu katswiri ndi kuika mu kuŵeta.

Kenako, pamene Stalin angalamule kuti amange mfuti yokha popanda kuthekera kwa kuwombera mu mode basi, ABC 36 chidzalowa m'malo mwa SVT-38. Chifukwa ngati munthu sanasankhe ndi kukana moto basi anayamba kupulumutsa zipolopolo.

Pamene ABC 36 ayamba, voliyumu ya ulimi wake chawonjezeka kwambiri. Choncho, mu 1934, anachokera ku conveyor 106 makope, mu 1935 - 286, mu 1937 - 10280, ndipo mu 1938 - 23401. Yopanga mpaka 1940. Ndi nthawi iyi linatulutsidwa pafupifupi 67 zikwi mfuti.

kamangidwe

Mfundo ikugwira wa mfuti ndi zodziwikiratu zachokera vuto mpweya ufa. Chitsanzo akhoza kuwombera makatiriji osakwatira kapena mode basi. Kusintha kuwombera modes zachitika kudzera adzakoka chokhethemulira wapadera, ili kumanja kwa wolandila lapansi. mode Single ndi zofunika. Kuwombera mudalira likhoza nambala osakwanira mfuti makina mu magawano. Koma moto mosalekeza, analola asilikali pokha pokha kwambiri pamene pali vuto mwadzidzidzi mdani chapatali zosakwana mamita 150. Mu mzere uwu mungathere zosaposa 4 masitolo, pofuna kupewa kutenthedwa ndi kuvala za zinthu chifungulo cha mfuti ndi.

Gasi opareshoni msonkhano, ndi pisitoni amene ali aafupi sitiroko, ili pamwamba mbiya. Ofukula chipika (mphero), ndi kutseka kutsinde amasuntha mu mipata ya wolandila lapansi. Mzere kusamutsidwa wagawo kumbali kwa ofukula pafupifupi 5 °, uyenera kuthandiza pamanja potsekula shutter. Pamene chipika likupita oposa, izo zifika ku notches shutter ndi Amatseka izo. Kumasula kumachitika pamene zowalamulira amene chikugwirizana ndi gulu mpweya pisitoni akakufinyani pansi. Chifukwa chakuti lanu wagawo lili pakati pa magazini ndi breech, makatiriji ndi anadyetsedwa mu chipinda ndi njira yaitali ndi phompho, nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuchedwa. Komanso, kuchokera kwa wolandila imeneyi wakhala chidwi m'litali ndi zovuta mu kapangidwe.

Makinawa mfuti Simonov analinso ndi chipata zovuta, kuyikidwa mkati zomwe kuwombera pini ndi masika, mbali ya limagwirira choyambitsa ndi zida protivootskoka. Mabaibulo mfuti chikalata pamaso 1936, osiyana choyambitsa chipangizo, wosemedwa-kutali ndi kusiya mainspring.

modes kuwombera

Malinga ndi malangizo, kuwombera mode oyimba ndi watsekedwa ndi kiyi wapadera, kulumikiza amene anali kokha mu kumuwombera lapansi. Nthawi yapadera, izo n'kulola asilikali kusamutsa mfuti zawo mode basi. Kodi malangizo Pamilunguyo asilikali - mfundo moot. N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti nkhani ya mfuti Fyodorov kupeza m'manja mwa yomasulira moto akanakhoza kokha msilikali amene wadutsa kuunikidwa yoyenera. Ndipo pa nkhondo ya ku Vietnam, apolisi US anawomberedwa limagwirira wotanthauzira ndi Asilikali M14 mfuti, kuti kupeŵa kuchita mkangano kuwombera, amene, monga mu nkhani ya ABC 36, pafupifupi opanda ntchito kasamalidwe wa moto ndi izo. Kuligwetsera tikuyivomereza mu supine malo mode basi, siteji, ndi prikladkoy mofanana pamene kuwombera mfuti DP. Kuwombera akatemera limodzi ubwenzi kapena pansi, atanyamula mfuti chowombelera kuchokera pansi pa sitolo ndi dzanja lake lamanzere.

mlingo wa

Luso mlingo wa moto basi mfuti Simonov anali pafupi 800 zipolopolo pa mphindi. Komabe zochita, chithunzi ichi anali ochepa kwambiri. Kuphunzitsidwa mivi Pre odzazidwa masitolo kubala zipolopolo 25 pa mphindi imodzi nyale 50 - queues, ndi 80 - moto mosalekeza. lotseguka mtundu sipe anali pamaso osiyanasiyana 100 mpaka 1500 m, mu increments 100 m.

Yobweretsa zipolopolo

kotunga mfuti zipolopolo anapangidwa kuchokera ku masitolo detachable zenga, Akuzigwira zipolopolo 15. sitolo mawonekedwe chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa felemu projecting pa katiriji ntchito. Konzekeretsani masitolo akhoza kukhala wolekana ndi chida, ndipo pa izo, pa zonse tatifupi. Zitsanzo za mfuti chikalata pamaso 1936 akhoza okonzeka ndi masitolo pa 10 ndi 20 makatiriji.

mpeni

Njovu Simonov basi mfuti anali okonzeka ndi yaikulu kuipanikiza ananyema ndi phiri ndi mpeni. Pa Mabaibulo poyamba mpeni akhoza Ufumuyo osati horizontally komanso vertically kunsi mphero. Mu njira iyi izo zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati munthu miyendo ersatz bipod kwa kuwombera mu malo mosabvuta. Komabe, za mfuti ya, inakhazikitsa mu 1937, amaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni-mpeni, kupereka mmalo kuwombera mu mode basi, motsindika atagona kuwaika kapena bedroll. Mfundo pomwe uyu anali osayenera, anapatsidwa kuti kuyambira 1936 salinso kum'tenga mfuti ndi mpeni-mwachangu. Zikuoneka wokongola chiphunzitso lingaliro kukonza magwiridwe a zoterozo chinthu wamba, monga mpeni, mu kuchita, wakhala si zabwino palokha. Pa ulendo analekerera mpeni m'chimake yomatidwa lamba wake womenya, kumene anakhala ndi pamene kuwombera.

makhalidwe luso

Simonov basi mfuti anali magawo zotsatirazi:

1. Kulemera ndi mpeni ndi m'chimake, pamaso kuwala ndi sitolo wodzazidwa makatiriji - za 6 makilogalamu.
2. Kulemera kwa mfuti popanda bayonets, zowoneka ndi kugula - 4.050 kg.
3. Kulemera okonzeka sitolo - 0,675 kg.
4. Kulemera kwa sitolo chopanda - 0,350 kg.
5. Misa mpeni scabbard - 0,550 kg.
6. Kulemera pamaso ndi bulaketi - 0,725 kg.
7. Bulaketi Kunenepa - 0,145 kg.
8. Misa makina mbali (mapulaniwo ndi shutter lumikiza platoon) - 0,5 makilogalamu.
9. Magazine mphamvu - zipolopolo 15.
10. Likungosonyeza - 7,62 mm.
11. Utali ndi mpeni - 1.520 m.
12. Utali popanda mpeni - 1,260 mamita.
13. Kutalika kwa rifled mbiya gawo - 0.557 m.
14. Chiwerengero cha grooves - 4.
15. Kuwuluka kutalika - 29,8 mm.
16. Kutalika kwa shutter sitiroko - 130 mm.
17. Yowotcha osiyanasiyana (akuonadi) - 1500 m.
18. Flight osiyanasiyana chipolopolo (pridelnyh) - 3000 m.
19. Kuipanikiza mathamangidwe (koyamba) - 840 m / s.
20. Mlingo wa moto (zaumisiri) - zipolopolo 800 pa mphindi imodzi.

m'malo

May 22, 1938 amati mpikisano wotsatira pa chitukuko cha latsopano theka-zodziwikiratu mfuti, zochokera vuto mpweya ufa. Mu mayesero mpikisano, anakafika kwa chilimwe kuti yophukira oyambirira chaka chomwecho, anapezeka Simon dongosolo, Tokarev, Rukavishnikova ndi zina gunsmiths zochepa wotchuka. Kumapeto kwa November unachitikira mayesero omaliza, zotsatira za imene February 1939 utumiki ku Soviet Union anatenga mfuti Tokarev, wotchedwa CBT-38. Izi zisanachitike, pa 19 January, Simonov anati kuwonongedwa kwa zolakwa zonse mfuti yake mu chiyembekezo kuti am'patsa mwayi wina. Pakutha kasupe wa chaka chomwecho iwo unalengedwa ntchito yapadera kuti aone Tokarev ndi Simonov machitidwe mawu a kuthekera mafakitale ndi zachuma.

Iwo anapeza kuti CBT anapezeka wosavuta ndi zochepa yokwera mtengo popanga. Komabe, komiti silikhali wa USSR, kufuna rearmament mofulumira, sanali abwerere lingaliro la kuŵeta Tokarev mfuti. Choncho nkhani atamaliza Simonov basi mfuti, asilikali review omwe unali mutu wa kukambirana.

Tokarev kupanga wakhazikitsidwa miyezi yosakwana sikisi, ndi kwa October 1, 1939, linanena bungwe lalikulu. Chinthu choyamba anali nawo Tula Mmera wonse, umene chikutanthauza idaleka yopanga Mosin mfuti. Mu 1940 zitsulo chitsanzo ku Izhevsky fakitale manja, amene poyamba anali opangidwa AVS 36.

The chifukwa cha ntchito

ABC 36 (basi mfuti Simonov nyemba chaka 1936) wonse sanali odalirika okwanira ntchito misa asilikali. Osati pulani mosavuta ndipo ambiri akalumikidzidwa zovuta anapanga kupanga ake ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri mwa mawu a nthawi ndi chuma. Komanso, zotsatira pafupifupi magawo onse amafuna ogwira kwambiri aluso.

Mfuti kapangidwe amalola msonkhano wake popanda kutseka unit. Komanso, chifukwa zida zimenezi akhoza ngakhale kuwombera. Pankhani ya mpirawo wolandila anawonongedwa, ndipo gulu Wopanda anawulukira molunjika kwa chowombelera. The original lanu mphero amadziwikanso sayesedwa wolungama. Komanso zambiri asokoneza kulimba kwa hule.

Ndi mfuti ili basi Simonov, amene mbiri ife kuwunikira, anakumbukira pamene woyamba wa zida zake mtundu, amawatenga manja yaikulu mayeso zinthu nkhondo. Iye analinso chitsanzo choyamba zida mu USSR, analenga mwangwiro mwa akatswiri zoweta, katswiri ndi kuika mu kuŵeta. Chifukwa nthawi yake ABC 36 anali ndi mfuti zabwino.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti Chifinishi Army analanda mfuti Simonov ankakonda mfuti Tokarev SVT, amene ankaona odalirika kwambiri.

Sniper Baibulo

A ochepa anatulutsidwa mu 1936 Sniper mfuti ABC. Popeza makatiriji zinathera anaponyedwa ndi patsogolo, okonza asankha yakusankha bulaketi lamanzere wa kuwala pamaso olamulira a mbiya. Optics anali aiming reticle ndi awiri yopingasa ndi chimodzi ulusi choimirira. Kuchoka mwana m'mimba mwake anali wofanana 7.6 mm, ndi osasunthika kulekana eyepiece mandala pa 85 mm. pamaso chawonjezeka chiwerengero cha zithunzi pa kanayi. Otsala a Baibulo Sniper sanali kumasiyana ochiritsira basi mfuti Simonov, chithunzi okonda amene aphunzira zida zambiri.