Zomangamanga ndi zokongoletsa maonekedwe a Amiens Cathedral

Amiens Cathedral ndi chimodzi mwa wapatali kwambiri ku Ulaya machenjerero Gothic zomangamanga. Ndi kachisi izi zazikulu mu mzinda wa Amiens (France), mu malo aakulu m'dera lotchedwa "Valley la France achikuda".

mzinda Amiens

mzinda uwu mu kumpoto, pafupifupi theka njira pakati Belgium ndi Paris, pa Somme, makilomita 55 kuchokera English Channel (kum'mwera chakum'mawa). Amiens - ndi kulandiridwa, lalikulu ndi yowala mzinda unali mwa minda wobiriwira ndi Sommskogo madzi njira, imene kumpanda ambiri amadula ilo. Linadzamangidwanso pambuyo ntchito pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, anawonongera pafupifupi zikande ndipo tsopano ndi malo yaikulu yopanga nsapato ndi zovala, luso lopanga ndi zitsulo, adzasowa chakudya. Pakuti amene mumasangalala yaitali amayenda ndi Boulevard ndi makwalala linden. Zhyul Vern mwadala anaganiza ngodya ino ya fakitale, kumene adapita pafupifupi tsiku lililonse Mukayandikira kutali m'mayiko m'maganizo.

Ngalande kuzungulira Amiens Cathedral

Cathedral ichi ndi tchalitchi za thupi mabishopu achikatolika. Dera lonse mozungulira icho ali ndi njira. Iwo amapanga maukonde lonse. 55 Km - okwana kutalika. m'ngalande Iwowa anakumba zaka zapitazo ndi Aroma. Cathedral ku 1981 ndi pansi UNESCO chitetezo, chifukwa ndi World Heritage Site. Mzinda French wa Amiens, kuwonjezera, wodziwika ndi zipilala zipembedzo zina, zimene zili zambiri kuno.

Mbiri ya nyumba

Tili ndi chidwi chofuna tchalitchi inamangidwa ulemu wa St. Mary. Iwo imatchedwanso Cathedral wa Lady Wathu Amiens. Komabe, anthu ambiri amakonda wamba. Ndi pa tchalitchi waukulu mu Europe. Ndi mmodzi wa mipingo padziko lonse lapansi Gothic.

Amiens Cathedral inamangidwa pa malo ya nyumba yakaleyo, mu 1218 unawotchedwa ndi mphezi. Malinga ndi mawu amene analembedwa pa zotsalira za "kukhotakhota", kuwonongedwa mu 1825, kumanga ake anali atayamba pa mapeto kumadzulo mu 1220. Mu 1236 TH akhakula naves anali atamaliza. Hora - kwa 1247-m, koma zimakhudza moto posachedwapa nditamaliza. Mawonekedwe komaliza ake ananyamula 1269. M'nthawi ya nambala 13, wapakamwa kumadzulo anabweretsedwa ku maluwa. Komabe, m'zaka za m'ma 15, mzindawo unafunika kukonzanso. Pa nthawi yomweyo kumtunda kwa izo kuti zikadzachitika.

Zolemba za "kukhotakhota" omanga anali ambuye atatu: Tom de A Cormon pamodzi ndi mwana wake, Mnazareti De Cormon, ndi Robert wa luzarches. Iwo anagwira ntchito mu nthawi kuchokera 1220 ndi 1228, ndiko kuti, pa nthawi yomweyo pamene ambuye ena anamangidwira Reims Cathedral. Buttresses gawo loyamba wakhala kuchuluka kwa zaka za m'ma 13 mochedwa, ndi intervals pakati pa iwo anakhala m'matchalitchi.

Cathedral Zomangamanga

Chartres Cathedral anatumikira monga chitsanzo yomanga Amiens. Izi tchalitchi atatu nave ndi gawo kuphunzira kwayara ndi transept lonse. Choir wa Cathedral atazunguliridwa ndi korona wa matchalitchi. chiwerengero chawo ukufika zisanu ndi ziwiri. Wapakati awa nthawi yomweyo mwamphamvu anakankhira patsogolo. Atatu naves ndi transept. Monga Chartres, sredokrestiya pakati chikugwirizana ndi pakati kwa nyumba ya zomangamanga monga Amiens Cathedral. dongosolo Lake Komabe, yosiyana ndi Chartres.

Cathedral wa Amiens ndi waukulu kwambiri kuposa zonse zimene ziri mu France. m'litali (zonsezi) ndi mamita 118 (popanda chapakati projecting Chapel), ndipo nave kutalika pafupifupi ukufika mamita 42,3. M'lifupi naves ndi (kupatulapo mbali yopemphereramo) - mamita 33, transept - mamita 59, ndipo mbali choral - 48 mamita.

tchalitchi Izi chiŵerengero chomwecho pakati pa kachigawo pakati ndipo mbali timipata wa chachikulu "Sitima", monga Reims. Ndi za 9:14. Koma mu Reims tchalitchi lalikulu ndi udzu timipata, ndi Amiens ali amakona anayi (za 9h7 m). mamita 14 m'lifupi nave lapansi.

Mkati mwa chachikulu cha Amiens ndi chimodzi. Iye pang'onopang'ono atsegula, mu kuya, mbali zonse. The zikuchokera nave ndi lophweka: kutalika okwana izo bisects ndi cornice wa gawo loyamba. Kotenga Arcade zokhazokha, akuchita theka pansi. Pa msinkhu wa mamita 18 kuti inayambira m'linga, pamene 9,5 yekha mamita ndi kutalika kwa Arcade wa wotchuka Parisian tchalitchi.

Nsanja kum'mwera inamangidwa mozungulirapo 1366, ndi kumpoto - mu 1401-m. zomangamanga Gothic a tchalitchi ngakhale masiku ano ndi malire. Amiens Cathedral, pamodzi ndi Reims ndi Chartres ndipamene Woyera Utatu Church of France, omwe dzina lake ndi voti ya zapamwamba za m'ma 13 ndi mkulu Gothic kalembedwe.

The mapulani a kamangidwe ka nyumba ndife chidwi ndi lofanana ndi ena aang'ono Gothic wa Ages Middle, kuphatikizapo Paris-Notre Dame. Alendowo tsopano ndi mwayi wapadera kukwera kumadzulo nsanja, yomwe ili pa denga la nyumba ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kusangalala maganizo mpweya wa mzindawo France.

zipata za Amiens

Gates la Chiweruzo pakhomo waukulu chachikulu cha Amiens dzina lake. Makoma a nyumba ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi osiyanasiyana amene amajambulapo kuuka atsoka ndi opulumutsidwa Mulungu ndi Mwana apocalyptic anthu ndi pochoka m'kamwa mwake malupanga awiri neri Al. Chipata ili pa kumadzulo wapakamwa ya kumanja tadzipereka kwa Mariya. Kuti iye ndi patroness a tchalitchi. Kumanzere zipata za wapakamwa pa tadzipereka kwa bishopu woyamba wa Amiens, ndi Firmin Woyera.

kuwala amasonyeza

1 December 1 January, pamodzi ndi Khirisimasi, Cathedral mbali ya bwanji kuwala likusonyeza magetsi wokongola kwambiri. Environment madzulo yothandizana mithunzi zamatsenga, nyimbo ndi sewero kuwala. Kawirikawiri mu mphindi 45 mpaka pulogalamu akuthamanga, inu mukhoza kuona chowonetsedwa zazikulu. Izi Mipikisano wachikuda magetsi ndi akuda wapakamwa wa chachikulu cha Amiens. Pa sewero kuwala ndi mthunzi, ndithudi ofunika tione. Kuwonjezera wapakamwa, mmodzi pambuyo zazikulu ena ziboliboli, yomwe ili pa wapakamwa kumadzulo kwa chachikulu cha Amiens.

Zotsalira za Ioanna Krestitelya mkati tchalitchi

Izi khadi ntchito mumzinda wa Amiens mpweya. Akalowa, inu kuzindikira kuti si yekha ulemerero kunja ndi osiyana ulemerero. Mkati tchalitchi ndi zotsalira za Ioanna Krestitelya. Mwa makoma a wake anasunga mosamalitsa mutu wa woyera monga gwero la machiritso ndi cholinga chachikulu cha ulendo namtindi wa okhulupirira. Ndi kupyolera mu maulaliki awa, monga nthawi zakale, Amiens Cathedral anakhalabe sanamuvulaze pa bomba Nazi. Kufika makoma ake, zipolopolo anasintha njira yodutsamo chotero zimauluka zapitazi.

Khirisimasi, zikwi olambira kusonkhanitsa pansi pa arches a tchalitchi. Ambiri a iwo kuno ku madera osiyana a dziko lapansi.

Ziboliboli, mkati

Sitingathe kufotokoza za ulemerero wa kachisi. Cathedral, wochepa nsanja gulu loyimba kuboola kumwamba, wodzazidwa ndi phokoso atangoona. Akamapetedwa zofewa utawaleza akuda othimbirira galasi kuwala amatulutsa mawunikidwe iridescent pa sredokrestiem inali pakati pa chipindacho. Kuchuluka kwa ziboliboli mwa mfundo m'Baibulo imasonyeza kukongola kwa mizere wapakamwa. chiwerengero chawo okwana ndi za 4500. Komabe Amiens Cathedral ku France, ntchito chokongoletsera sculptural si wolemera monga Reims. Iye alinso wolephera yotsirizira mu mawu a khalidwe. Komabe, Amiens tchalitchi makonde ndi zifaniziro angapo kwambiri, mankhwala ambiri ndi kufanana amene evinces Kuzindikira ndi mawu maganizo.

The finesse wosiyana ndi kukongola kwa chosema "Golden Madonna". Ndi ngale weniweni korona wa. Mu kuwala kwa dzuwa, chosema ichi chimachokera ndi chowala mtendere. Master mu chilengedwe ichi wakhoza kulongosola kukongola, kusalakwa oyera mwauzimu. Madonna pamtunda ziwerengero a Atumwi. m'mbiri kupereka kaimidwe achilengedwe. Iwo onse amalankhulana (atumwi - magulu wophatikizidwa Maria - Baby) tingawapeze moyo.

Chithunzi cha Khristu, yomwe ili pakati pa zipata pakati, kusiyana ndi kuphweka ake mwangwiro proportioned ndi otchuka. Mu anthu, izo limatchedwa "Mulungu wangwiro wa Amiens."

Ground makonde zone imakongoletsa medallions ambiri, ndiwo ziboliboli ndi miyezi ya pa chaka, zizindikiro za m'nyenyezi, ndi zina zotero.

Mbiri ya kalembedwe Gothic

Gothic kalembedwe anatuluka m'ma 12 atumwi ku France. The kwambiri za ntchito zake mu dziko lino ndi matchalitchi a Reims, Amiens ndi Chartres. France anakhalabe chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipilala a kalembedwe Gothic, ku matchalitchi yaikulu ku matchalitchi. M'zaka za m'ma 15, nyengo ya "Flamboyant Gothic", zitsanzo zochepa za amene anapulumuka. Mwachitsanzo, Paris Tower Saint-Jacques ndi Rouen Cathedral (mmodzi wa makonde wake).

Features wa Gothic Cathedral wa Amiens

Ndi kugawikana ndi malo kudzipatula nyumba Romanesque kugwirizanitsa osiyana zinthu okhudza malo ndi ufulu wa kutanthauzira, monga taonera Paris Cathedral, ndi Gothic wachita njira oposa theka zaka. Komabe, mu Amiens Cathedral, anayamba kumanga malo, chakale iye. Iwo anamasulidwa mu miyeso onse kuyambira choletsa luso, pokhalabe momveka wa tectonic ndi zaphindu tanthauzo la mizere, mabuku ndi misa ozungulira izo. Kumverera kwa ufulu, amene amalenga danga la expressivity mu Cathedral yochitira zinthu, akakufunsani kuwala, kupereka atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena mawonekedwe softness - zonsezi amalenga yomalizidwa zikuchokera nyumba monga Amiens Cathedral. mbali zokongoletsa kachisi umenewu umatithandiza kumutcha iye chimodzi mwa zinthu zambiri zazikulu mu dziko.

tchalitchi ichi akuwafanizira zina ndi wakale Greek Parthenon. The pamakoma kwambiri ndi kochulukira chokongoletsedwa kwenikweni amaiika ndime ndi zolengedwa wamkulu wa zomangamanga mdziko.