Ndalama m'munsi

Cash lakunja mapeto a mabanki, komanso nkhokwe a mabanki malonda, amene kusungidwa mu anawasema wa Central, amatchedwa m'munsi ndalama.

Cash - ndi gawo mwachindunji a kapezedwe ndalama ndi nkhokwe banki bwanji luso lililonse za mabanki kulenga madipoziti latsopano, potero kukula okwanira ndalama. Bank ku Central ndi amatha kudziletsa yobweretsa ndalama makamaka kudzera mphamvu ya m'munsi ndalama. kusintha yake mutavalanso ndalama okwanira multiplier kwenikweni.

Choncho, Kusintha okwanira ndalama akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo awiri:

1. Poyamba, m'munsi ndalama ndi kusinthidwa ndi kusintha kwa maudindo a Bank ku Central ku mabanki ndi dongosolo la anthu (zimakhudza kukula kwa nkhokwe ndi ndalama).
2. A kusintha zina mwa ndalama okwanira mwa ndondomeko multiplier mwa gombe malonda. Ndipo m'munsi ndalama ndi multiplier ndi amenable makina ndalama ndondomeko.

Kachitidwe kamakono ndalama yodziwika ndi ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito awo pokhapokha ngati chithandizo cha kuchuluka mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndalama kupezeka (lolingana zosowa za chuma). A Mzimuyo msinkhu, asaaonerera kumasulidwa ndalama kupezeka Bank Central.

Kuchita izi, ntchito zizindikiro zomwe kusonyeza kusowa kwa ndalama:

1. Ndalama - ziri zonse ndalama ya chuma cha dziko omwe amafalitsidwa, kaya ndalama ndi cashless mitundu. buku wake zimakhudza zinthu zambiri: voliyumu ya GDP ndi mlingo wa kukula zachuma, kapangidwe ka msika zachuma ndi ngongole ndi dongosolo banki ndi msinkhu wawo chitukuko, chiŵerengero cha si ndalama ndi ndalama makope ndalama, ndalama, zachuma ndi ndalama malamulo a dziko, mlingo pa zimene adiresi ndalama, muyezo dziko la ndalama ndi zina zotero.
2. The ndalama m'munsi - muyezo wa lamulo la ndalama ya boma, lomwe ntchito kuwerengera yobweretsa ndalama. Kale, kunali otchedwa "golide muyezo" - ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ndalama zonse mu dziko golide. Ndiye, m'munsi ndalama anali wofanana ndi buku la nkhokwe za golide.
   Tsopano boma chidatha kupereka ndalama zawo golidi, anayambitsa mfundo Fiat ngongole golide. "Monetary m'munsi" mfundo anasintha ndi phindu lokha. Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, zida zimene zili mkati mwa katundu uyu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabanki malonda monga gwero la ndalama zoonjezera kuchipatalako. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mabuku azachuma kumadzulo amatanthauza ndalama amapanga ndalama m'munsi CB, - "mkulu mphamvu ndalama".

Kodi udindo wa ndalama okwanira ndi m'munsi ndalama ku gulu la kufalitsidwa ndalama ya dziko?

Ndi yabwino kuganizira funso, amatsatira pa Bank chapakati bwino pepala. Nkhokwe ndi zolemba za mabanki malonda omwe anali mu Bank ku Central, m'munsi ndalama ndi Kwenikweni, ngongole ndalama za Bank ku Central Choncho, mmene ngongole yake. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ndi gwero CB.

yogawa chuma kumaonekera Bank of kalembera wa. Kulunjika wa wotuluka amtengo wake kotero kuti amachita monga wokongoza okha mabanki malonda ndi boma. Pamene Bank ku Central ikupereka borrowers, ndi ngongole, makamaka ngongole kwa chuma.

Voliyumu ya ndalama yeniyeni makope m'mayiko olemera ndi yaing'ono ndi chabe peresenti ochepa poyerekeza ndi mwa kundipatsako ndalama okwana, koma mu zolemba ndalama m'munsi ndi lalikulu kulemera yeniyeni ndi Motero, m'mayiko ambiri ndiwo chuma cha Bank wa Central.

Reserve Bank lagawidwa zotsala ndi lamulo. Kuvomerezedwa malo mabanki malonda amagwira ndi Bank ku Central pa pempho ake, ndi muyeso nokha. Koma iwo ndi ena ndi yofunika zikuluzikulu za m'munsi ndalama.