Mtsogoleri wachipembedzo Billi Grem: yonena, mabuku, banja, ndipo mfundo zosangalatsa

William (Bill) Franklin Graham, Jr. - American mmishonale amene anapeza mayiko zikomo kutchuka ulaliki wake waukulu otchedwa "misonkhano" ndipo ubwenzi ndi ambiri mapulezidenti US.

Billi Grem: A MBIRI

M'zachipembedzo ndi Evangelical Mkhristu M'batizi anabadwa pa November 7, 1918 ku Charlotte, North Carolina, ku banja la William Morrow ndi Graham. Iye anali woyamba wa ana anayi amene anakulira pa famu awo mkaka. Kumayambiriro Zaka Billi Grema anati pang'ono kuti tsiku lina adzalalikira Uthenga Wabwino anthu 215 miliyoni m'mayiko oposa 185 padziko lonse. Iye anamvera anthu kuposa wina mu mbiriyakale, osati kuwerengera mamilioni, Iye anatembenuka pa wailesi, TV ndi mabuku.

Makolo Graham anali Achikalvini ovuta koma njira kwambiri auzimu watumiza mlaliki osadziwika woyendayenda. Ndili ndi zaka 16, Billy anapita angapo misonkhano revivalists amene anakhala mlaliki Mordehay Betelehemu. Ngakhale kuti Graham mnyamata wabwino, Hamu kulalikira za tchimo anadabwa mnyamata. Nditamaliza sukulu yapamwamba anasamukira ku Tennessee kupita ku sukulu ndiwofatsa Mkhristu, Bob Jones College. Koma pano iye anaona kuti strangeness ya chiphunzitso okhwima a sukulu, ndipo posakhalitsa umasamutsidwa ku Institute Baibulo Florida. Pophunzira wake, Graham limodzi ndi mpingo wa Southern Baptist Convention, kumene ndinadzozedwa mu 1939.

Titamaliza Institute Baibulo ndi Bachelor of Theology, Billy anasamukira ku Illinois, ndi maphunziro patsogolo mwauzimu analembetsa Wheaton College. Apa iye anakomana mkazi wake, Rut Makkyu Bell. Anali mwana wa umishonale ndipo ankakhala ndi banja lake ku China 17. Analandira madipuloma Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe, Graham ndi Bell tinakwatirana Aug. 13, 1943. Pamodzi iwo anakweza ana asanu.

Kugwira ntchito ndi achinyamata Christian

Graham anali nthawi yochepa m'busa wa First Baptist Church ku Western Springs, Illinois. Kenako anagwirizana Mishonare Baptisti gulu "Youth Khristu", omwe analimbikitsa zochizira asilikali ndi achinyamata Mulungu. Mu 1947, Billi Grem anakhala pulezidenti wa Sukulu chakumadzulo, gulu la sukulu Mkhristu wa Minnesota. Mu 1948 iye anasiya gulu amishonale ndi lolunjika pa sukulu mpaka mu 1952, pamene iye anaganiza zopita kulalikira.

mlaliki wachikoka

Posakhalitsa anthu zinapatsira ndi wachikoka ndi mochokera pansi pa mtima ndi kulalikira Uthenga Wabwino Billi Grema. Mu 1949, gulu lina lotchedwa "Khristu dera Wamkulu Los Angeles," anamuitana kulalikira mu mzinda wachiwiri kukula mu chiwerengero US. Pambuyo Graham nawo wailesi amasonyeza Stuart Hamblen, kutchuka kwake anayamba kukula. omvetsera unadzaza chihema mlaliki wa Uthenga, ndi utumiki waperekedwa kwa milungu ina asanu. Pa kuumirira nyuzipepala magnate William Hearst manyuzipepala kudutsa dziko yokutidwa mwambo mwatsatanetsatane.

mlaliki opsa

Motero, Billi Grem anakhala opsa Mkhristu. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti chipambano wake mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi nyengo chikhalidwe mu United States pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Graham anatsutsa kuipa kwa chikominisi - modzi mwa mantha lalikulu la chikumbumtima American. Mu 1954, atamufunsa, ananena kuti "chikominisi kapena kufa, kapena Chikhristu, chifukwa kwenikweni ndi kulimbana pakati pa Khristu ndi Wokana Kristu." Mkubwela zida za nyukiliya, omwe anasonyeza fragility moyo wa munthu, anthu ankayembekezera kuti chipembedzo monga njira kuletsa ndi Graham anayatsa njira.

Choncho, anathandiza pogwirizanitsa dziko ndi chitsitsimutso chipembedzo chake. Powasamalira mfundo abwino ntchito Chikhristu ndi zolimbitsa ziphunzitso, Graham anachita Abaptisti wokongola, otetezeka, omasuka ngakhale, komanso atolankhani mwaisandutsa alipo ambiri mauthenga.

televangelist

Pofuna kuwonjezera ndi kukhalabe utumiki mlaliki ndi anzake analenga Evangelistic Association Billi Grema (BGEA). Iye anayamba Kuwulutsa wake maulaliki wailesi anasonyeza bwanji Mkhristu "Songs usiku." Iye anachititsanso mlungu uliwonse pa njira ABC «An njira ora." Poyamba, anadutsa okwerera 150, koma kenako chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka ndi 1,200 mu America.

Potsilizira pake, pulogalamu uyu anakhala pa TV, zomwe zinachitika kwa zaka zitatu. Kupambana kwa mlaliki wailesi ndi televizioni chimakamba za udindo wake monga mediavizionera Mkhristu. Billi Grem, kulalikira amveka ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse, pogwiritsa ntchito atolankhani monga njira yofalitsira Uthenga.

misa uvangeli

Ndi bwino Graham BGEA anatsegula maofesi ambiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso anayamba kutulutsa periodicals, mbiri, matepi, mafilimu ndi mabuku. The Association nayenso analandira kalata zochokera kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo padziko lonse kuchita uvangeli "misonkhano" kunja. Kutumiza nthumwi kusungitsa malo, bungwe mongodzipereka makwaya ndi kulemba mndandanda wa oyankhula. Kumapeto kwa chochitika omvera anaitanidwa kwa Kristu ndi kukumana ndi atsogoleri awo auzimu.

Latsopano kulemba anthu usilikali kulandira malangizo maphunziro pa maphunziro a Baibulo, ndi malangizo kwa abusa wamba, Abaptisti. M'kupita BGEA anayamba kuulutsa Nkhondo za Mtanda pa TV m'dziko. Mu 1952, Graham Evangelistic Association Billy Baptist kinomissiyu analengedwera kufalitsa nkhani kutembenuka mwa mafilimu. BGEA komanso anapeza kudutsa America wailesi angapo wailesi mlaliki wailesi amasonyeza anafika omvera onse.

Billi Grem: mabuku ndi magazini

Kulankhula TV kusindikiza mu 1955 anapezerapo BGEA kope la "Christianity Today." Magaziniyi apitiriza kukhala mphamvu yaikulu ya Evangelical Akhristu Abaptisti. pamwezi "Chochita" magazini inayamba kusindikizidwa mu 1958. Iwo lofalitsidwa baibulo, nkhani, mbiri ya mpingo ndipo amafotokoza za latsopano "misonkhano." Magaziniyi imafalitsidwa Spanish, Chifalansa ndi Chijeremani. Books Mlembi ndi Billi Grem - "Mtendere ndi Mulungu" (1953), "Chinsinsi cha Chimwemwe" (1955, 1985), "yankho wanga" (1960), "Angelo a Mulungu Chinsinsi m'tengo" (1975), "Kodi abadwe kachiwiri "(1977)," Mzimu Woyera "(1978)," Mphepo chenjezo "(1992)," imfa ndi moyo pambuyo "(1994)," chinsinsi mtendere munthu "(2003)," Ulendo: umoyo wa chikhulupiriro kusintha ndi dziko "(2006) ndi ena.

Impact ndi kutsutsa

otsutsa Graham wa ankamutsutsa chifukwa liberalism zimabwezera chokana kuchita nawo ndale. Atsogoleri amasiya pambuyo chilango cha zachiwawa amachita gulu lawo la odana ndi mimba "Opaleshoni Kupulumutsidwa". Wazamulungu Reyngold Nibur kuti "simplistic" ndi Baptist Bob Dzhons amakhulupirira kuti Graham anabweretsa "zoipa kwambiri kuti cholinga cha Yesu Khristu kuposa ena moyo masiku ano." Pulezidenti Truman mpaka anamutcha ndi "wabodza." Mu 1972, ena odana ndi Ayuda ndemanga mlaliki ndi Nixon anali kujambulidwa.

Komabe, ndondomeko ya mlaliki ali anauzira anthu kuti malangizo ake auzimu, kuphatikizapo Martina Lyutera King, Bono, Muhammad Ali ndi United States mapulezidenti ku Eisenhower kuti Chitsamba Choyaka. Bungwe la Gallup linachita Organization anamuitana mmodzi wa khumi anthu wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko nthawi 51. m'nthawi yake ankamuona munthu wanthabwala, kudziwa zoona zenizeni, moona, wosalakwa ndi womvera.

maulemu

Billi Grem anali kupereka ufulu wa Pulezidenti Ronald Reagan Foundation, Congressional Gold Zikho, ndi thumba mphoto Templeton "kwa patsogolo mu chipembedzo", "Big M'bale Mphotho" ndi mphoto "The wokamba kwa chaka." Komanso, Conference National cha Akristu ndi Ayuda kwa Kukwezeleza kumvana pakati pa zipembedzo amalemekezedwa iye ndi OBE aulemu.

zachinsinsi

Mu 1992, mlaliki analengeza matenda hydrocephalus. mwana wake, William Franklin Graham III anasankhidwa kukhala bwino bambo wake monga mutu wa BGEA atachoka. Mu 2005, Billy ndi mkazi wake anapuma kwawo ku Montreat, North Carolina. Mu 2007, Ruth anafa ndi chibayo ndi osachiritsika nyamakazi. Mayiyo mwamuna wake, ana asanu ndi zidzukulu 19. Mu 2008, wotchuka mlaliki wa zaka 90.

Mu 2013, Graham anagawira wina wa ulaliki wake wotsiriza. Mu kanema yotchedwa "America wanga amakhulupirira", iye anali ndi nkhawa za moyo wauzimu wa mtundu. "Dziko lathu ndi akusowa kudzutsidwa kwauzimu, - anati. - Panali nthawi zina pamene ine ndinalira, kusunthira mumzinda ndi mzinda, ndipo ndaona kuti anthu ambiri akhala anachoka Mulungu ".

mfundo zosangalatsa

Kwa zaka zambiri, moyo wa Billi Grema, nthawi zambiri ankaimira ndi malingaliro abwino. Reporter "Time" mpaka anamutcha "Adadi Protestant America." Mtolankhani wina ku "Yu-ra Hei Today chophimba", analemba kuti Graham "anali wa Baptist amene si anavula mamiliyoni (monga Dzhim Bekker), sankalankhula ndi mahule (monga Dzhimmi Svaggart) sanamange Mega mipingo (monga Dzhoel Ostin), osati anathamangira kwa pulezidenti (Pat Robertson) ndi bungwe Mkhristu modutsa ndale (Jerry Falwell). "

Mu November 2013 Billi Grem, kawirikawiri kusiya nyumba yake, anatenga gawo mu phwando la kubadwa kwake 95th mu Asheville, North Carolina. chochitika panafika anthu pafupifupi 900.